2017年中考英语《非谓语动词》语法专题课件

非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。,动词不定式动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。,e.g.TolearnEnglishwellisdifficult.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：ItsdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.,考点一：作主语。,形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：Its+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.或Its+n.+(forsb.)todosth.。e.g.Itsveryniceofyoutooffermeaseat.Itsverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.Itwasgreatfuntohaveapicnicthere.,考点二：作宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,offer,prepare,plan,promise,refuse,want等。注意：在find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置。e.g.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.,1.Theydecided_abridgeovertheriver.(2015四川遂宁)A.buildB.tobuildC.building2.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingoffered_metowatchanopera.(2016天津)A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking,3.Shesaidshehoped_herdaughter.A.toseeB.youtoseeC.seeing4.Icanttellyouwhatshesaid.Ivepromised_itasecret.(2016上海)A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept,考点三：作宾语补足语。1.一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow,call,want,tell,advise,ask,warn,encourage,invite,order,teach等。提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不定式。e.g.Canyouhelpthegirl(to)movethechair?,2.使役动词(如make,let等)及感官动词(如see,feel,hear,watch,notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。e.g.Isawayoungmanentertheroom.Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.,1.Ourteacheroftenadvisesus_thehabitofmakingnoteswhilereading.(2016苏州)A.todevelopB.developC.todevelopingD.developing2.YoushouldaskBob_hisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.(2016重庆A卷)A.washB.washesC.washingD.towash,3.Weadviseparents_theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.(2016黑龙江东)A.nottoleaveB.notleaveC.notleaving,考点四：作定语。动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。e.g.Ihaventhadthechancetothinkyet.（作名词的定语）提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。e.g.Tinahasnopapertowriteon.,Joiningasummercampisagreatchance_freetimewithyourfriends.(2016吉林)A.spendB.spendingC.tospend,考点四：作状语。动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结果等。e.g.Theyweresurprisedtofindthatnobodywasinthehouse.(表示原因)Togetagoodseatshearrivedatthehallearly.(表示目的)Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.(表示结果),说明：1.hadbetter，wouldrather，Whynot.?，Will/Wouldyouplease.?后面接不带to的动词不定式。e.g.Tocatchtheearlybus,youdbettergetupearlytomorrowmorning.2.动词不定式可以和疑问词what，which，how，where，when等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。e.g.Canyoutellmewheretobuyamap?,1.Illhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdontknow_.HowaboutParis?(2016成都)A.whattodoB.wheretogoC.whentogo,2.TheChineseteamareworkinghard_honorsinthe2016OlympicGames.A.towinB.winC.winning3.Itsgettingdark.Youdbetter_outbyyourself.Itsdangerous.A.notgoB.nottogoC.togo,4.Iboughtabigbox_booksforkidsinpoorareas.A.collectsB.tocollectC.collectD.collected,动词-ing形式动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。,考点一：作主语。动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。e.g.Playing/Toplaycomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.,OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“_Englishwellisveryimportant.”(2013四川内江)A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.Tolearning,考点二：作宾语。1.在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest,giveup,putoff,keepon,bebusy,havefun,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,feellike,thanksfor等。,2.有些及物动词（如like，love，hate，begin，start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如：e.g.Doyoulikereading/toread?,3.有些及物动词（如remember，forget，stop，try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。,1.Wefeellike_somefoodanddrinkbecausewellinvitesomefriends_inaparty.A.buying,tojoinB.tobuy,joiningC.buying,join,2.Aftershefinished_thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading3.Brucepractices_basketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.playB.toplayC.playing,4.Myfatherusedtodrivetowork,butheisusedto_now.A.walkingB.walkedC.walksD.walk,考点三：宾语补足语一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等)后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。,2.IheardTom_whenIwalkedpasthisroomyesterday.(2015江苏宿迁)A.singB.singingC.tosingD.sang3.Isawsomeboystudents_basketballwhenIpassedtheplayground.(2014贵州安顺)A.playedB.playsC.playingD.toplay,考点四：作定语。e.g.Themanstandingthereismyfriend,Look!Therearesomebirds_inthesky.Theyareverybeautiful.(2015四川宜宾)A.toflyB.flyC.flyingD.flown,分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.-ed)有被动、完成之意。,在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。,课,考点