硬度与抗拉强度的关系对照表.doc

一、硬度与抗拉强度的关系 当钢的硬度在500HB以下时，其抗拉强度与硬度成正比，kg/m（B）=1/3 X HB=3.2 X HRC=2.1 X HS,但上述关系式也并非在什么场合都成立，从热处理方面说，回火温度低时，kg/m与HRC时的相关关系便可能被破坏，钢的回火温度，硬度和抗拉强度的关系如图所示。由此图可见硬度随回火温度的升高而下降，但在淬火状态以及300以下低温回火时，硬度与抗拉强度的关系难以成立。当回火温度在300左右时，kg/m与HRC具有相关关系，即硬度高，抗拉强度就高；硬度低，抗拉强度就低。在低温回火状态欲求出kg/m值是很困难的，因为此时抗拉强度值分布很离散。 由于低温回火件的kg/m不稳定而不能确定，故在日本工业标准（JIS）中也是通试验来测定400以上温度回火件的拉伸特性（也有300回火工件）。换言之是只对调质件（淬火+400回火）进行拉伸试验。在工业上只是在要求抗旋转弯曲疲劳和抗磨损时才使用低温回火件。高频淬火和渗碳淬火即为此适用例。受拉应力的零件不采用低温回火。不过在低碳钢中，但淬火M能发生自回火(故Ms点高)时，亦有在淬火状态下使用者。低碳钢的板条马氏体组织结构自回火，正可在工业上应用，但此时必须考虑淬透性和质量效应（必要时应添加B、Cr、Mn等金属元素）。二、钢材抗拉强度与维氏硬度、布氏硬度、洛氏硬度的对照表维氏布 氏克 罗 普洛 氏 标 尺肖氏拉 伸 强 度HVHBHKHRAHRBHRCHSKg/m52849655876.35167.626451348154275.95066.225549846952675.24964.724648445551074.74863.423847144349574.14762.122945843248073.64660.822144642146673.14559.621543440945272.54458.420842340043872.04357.220141239042671.54256.119440238141470.94155.018839237140270.44053.918238236239169.93952.917737235338069.43851.817136334437068.93750.716635433636068.43649.716134532735167.93548.715633631934267.43447.715232731133466.83346.614931830132666.33245.614631029431865.83144.614130228631165.33043.613829427930464.62942.713528627129764.32841.713127926429063.82740.812827225828463.32639.912526625327862.82539.212326024727262.42438.411925424326662.01002337.711724823726161.599.02236.911524323125661.098.52136.311223822625160.597.82035.611023021924360.296.734.610922221223659.596.333.510421320322958.996.032.310220419422058.395.031.110019618721257.694.030.09818817920457.093.09418017119656.4929217316518955.89190如果您要查的抗拉强度1000N/mm2，或者维氏硬度310HV，或者布氏硬度300HB，或者洛氏硬度32HRC，请查本表抗拉强度RmN/mm2维氏硬度HV布氏硬度HB洛氏硬度HRC2508076.0-2708580.7-2859085.2-3059590.2-32010095.0-33510599.8-350110105-370115109-380120114-400125119-415130124-430135128-450140133-465145138-480150143-490155147-510160152-530165156-545170162-560175166-575180171-595185176-610190181-625195185-640200190-660205195-675210199-690215204-705220209-720225214-740230219-755235223-77024022820.378524523321.380025023822.282025524223.183526024724.085026525224.886527025725.688027526126.490028026627.191528527127.893029027628.595029528029.296530028529.899531029531.0103032030432.2106033031433.3109534032334.4112535033335.5111536034236.6119037035237.7122038036138.8125539037139.8129040038040.8132041039041.8135042039942.7138543040943.6142044041844.5145545042845.3148546043746.1152047044746.91555480(456)47.71595490(466)48.41630500(475)49.11665510(485)49.81700520(494)50.51740530(504)51.11775540(513)51.71810550(523)52.31845560(532)53.01880570(542)53.61920580(551)54.11955590(561)54.71995600(570)55.22030610(580)55.72070620(589)56.32105630(599)56.82145640(608)57