语言学Unit 3 ConversionPPT课件

.,1,Unit3Conversion词类转译,ByPYSH,.,2,I.Definition,Asoneofthecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,conversionmeansthechangeofpartsofspeechintranslation.OwingtothedifferencesinbothsyntacticalstructuresandidiomaticexpressionsbetweenEnglishandChinese,itisusuallyimpossibleforatranslatortokeeptotheoriginalpartofspeechintheprocessoftranslation.Certainpartsofspeech,therefore,intheoriginaloftenhastobeconvertedintoothers.,.,3,II.Classificationofconversion,Conversioncanbedividedinto5types:ConvertingintoVerbsConvertingintonounsConvertingintoadjectivesConvertingintoadverbsConvertingintosentenceelements,.,4,ConvertingintoVerbs,英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。,.,5,Familiesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。Heisgoingtothemarketforanox,whichwouldhelphimwiththeworkinthefieldssothathecouldearnenoughmoneyforawife.他打算赶集买头牛帮他种地挣够钱娶媳妇。,.,6,1.1Nounsintoverbs,.Nounsderivedfromaverbapplication;solution;establishment.Nounsimplyinganactionsight;thought;glance.Nounswithasuffix-er(-or)swimmer;chain-smoker,.,7,Examples,Aglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramic,pnrmik全景的viewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。IamafraidIcantteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕不能教你游泳。我觉得我弟弟比我教得好。,.,8,ForWesternersinChina,theestablishmentofaneffectiveteamofmanagersmeansattractingandretainingbothexpatriateandlocalmanagementtalent.对于在中国的西方人来说，建立一支有效的管理团队意味着既要吸引又要留住来自海外的管理人才和本土管理人才。建立人工林establishmentofplantations,.,9,1.2Prepositionsintoverbs,Coming!Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。,.,10,ThecountryhasrefusedtoheedthelegitimateappealoftheUnitedNationsforco-operation.该国无视联合国要求合作的正当呼吁。Ibarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharborandoutoverthesea.我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。,.,11,Thestreetrunswestward,acrossagreatbridge,downahillandupagain,bylittleshopsandmeat-markets,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。Trainingasasalespersonwouldguaranteehersomeemploymentonceherschoolingwasthrough.参加推销员培训就会确保她在学业完成以后能找到工作做。,.,12,1.3Adjectivesintoverbs,英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后用作表语时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious等。例如：Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater.两种物质都溶于水。,.,13,1.4Adverbsintoverbs-aspartofpredicate,Wisely,youmadenoattempttohavetheseproblemsdiscussedbytheGeneralAssembly,believingthattheyshouldbedealtwithelsewhere.你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些问题，而认为应在其它场合解决。,.,14,Convertingintonouns,VerbsconvertedintonounsAdjectivesintonounsAdverbsintonouns,.,15,Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。,2.1VerbsintonounsVerbsderivedfromanoun,.,16,Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。InGreekmythology,loveispersonifiedbythegoddessAphrodite.在希腊神话中，阿佛洛苔蒂女神是爱的化身。,.,17,2.2AdjectivesintonounsAdjectiveswithadefinitearticleAdjectivesexpressingcharacteristics,RobinHoodandhismerrymenhatedtherich,lovedandprotectedthepoor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。Lackoftrustisverydestructiveinarelationship.缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。,.,18,2.3Adverbsintonouns,ItwasofficiallyannouncedthattheyagreedonareplytotheSovietUnion.官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信一事取得了一致的意见。Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他虽然身体虚弱，但是心智健全。,.,19,Theimagemustbedimensionallycorrect.图形的尺寸必须正确。ThepapersaideditoriallythatMcMillanhasstolenthewesternleadershipduringDullesabsence.这家报纸的社论说，麦克米兰公司在杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。,.,20,3.Convertingintoadjectives,NounsconvertedintoadjectivesAdverbsintoadjectives,.,21,3.1Nounsintoadjectives,Nounsderivedfromanadj.-likeliness;flexibilityNounswithanindefinitearticleusedasapredicate-afailure;asuccess,etc.,.,22,Examples,Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色显然表明了她那时的情绪。Diligenceandintelligenceareofconsiderableimportancetoyoursuccess.勤奋和才智对你获得成功是颇为重要的。,.,23,HeknowsMaryverywellbysightandhadlongfeltaninterestinherbecauseofherbeauty.他认得玛丽。因为玛丽长得很漂亮，他早就对她一见钟情了。Thesecurityandwarmthofthedestroyerssickbaywerewonderful.驱逐舰的医务室安全而温暖，好极了。,.,24,3.2Adverbsintoadjectives,Thecomputerischieflycharacterizedbyitsaccurateandquickcomputations.计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。Ithinkdifferently.我的想法和你的不一样。,.,25,Convertingintoadverbs,NounsintoadverbsAdjectivesintoadverbs,.,26,Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.(he-BillClinton)只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风度将这人争取过来。,4.1Nounsintoadverbs,.,27,4.2Adjectivesintoadverbs,Canyougiveanaccuratetranslationofthesentence?你能确切地把这句话译出来吗？Thisisasheerlie.这纯属谎言。,.,28,5.Conversionintosentenceelements,ConversionofNounsConversionofAdjectivesConversionofAdverbs,.,29,Furtherdelaywouldcauseusgreaterlosses.如果再耽搁，我们将会蒙受更大的损失Amanoflesscouragewouldnotdaretoworkinsideenemyheadquarters.如果是一个勇气不足的人，也不敢在敌人心脏里工作。,.,30,Itwasapleasantuneventfulride.这次骑马旅行令人愉快，没出意外。HebecameapoorthirdintheEnglish-speakingcontest.他在英语演讲比赛中得了第三名，其成绩比第二名差了许多。,.,31,Shewasexpensivelyspoiledfromthemomentofbirth.她从出生就一直受到宠爱，是一位用金钱堆起来的“千金”。Heisadmittedlyreliable.他十分可靠，这是大家公认的。,.,32,III.Practice,1.Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration2.AviewofMt.Fuji(富士山)canbeobtainedfromhere.,接下来的新闻节目比平常短，没有提到示威游行。,从这里可以看到富士山。,.,33,3.Hewasaregularvisitor.4.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.5.Allthewoundedweresenttothehospitalrightaway.,他常来访。,他们不满足于目前所取得的成就。,全体伤员被立即送往医院。,.,34,6.Warmdiscussionsaroseoneverycornerastohisachievements.7.Hewasdeeplyimpressedbywhattheydidinthecriticalmovement.8.Ihavethehonortoinformyouthat