单实例环境下安装ASM

单实例环境下安装ASM说明：紫红色字体部分是与我安装环境相关的信息或补充的安装说明,其他是网上下载的原文()环境：版本：Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release .0操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)测试的环境是Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4.41、 首先安装oracle数据库软件，然后向虚拟机中添加三块2G的硬盘，重启虚拟机2、 安装软件包：21、查看好系统版本，本机是redhat 5，内核版本如下：rootserver3 dev# uname -aLinux server32.6.18-194.el5#1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linuxrootfwy # cat /proc/versionLinux version 2.6.9-42.ELsmp () (gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-2) #1 SMP Wed Jul 12 23:27:17 EDT 2006或rootfwy a# uname -r2.6.9-42.ELsmp2.2、上oracle官方网站，搜索关键字oracle asm red hat 5。去下载如下asm的三个rpm软件包（本机器下载的是标红的三个软件包，安装包一定要下载正确的版本否则第五步会出错，导致后续配置无法进行）：Intel IA32 (x86) ArchitectureLibrary and Tools oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm Drivers for kernel 2.6.18-194.el5 oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm 2.3、安装上述的三个rpm软件包：rootserver3 asm# rpm -ivh *.rpmwarning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.11.3.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159Preparing. # 100% 1:oracleasm-support# 33% 2:oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el# 67% 3:oracleasmlib # 100%3、 对在1中添加进来的三个磁盘进行分区（我们添加了sdb、sdc和sdd。注意：这里是仅进行分区，而不需要进行格式化。rootserver3 dev# ls sd*sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdc sddrootserver3 dev# fdisk /dev/sdbCommand (m for help):nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4):1 First cylinder (1-261, default 1):1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):261 Command (m for help):wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.同样执行如下的命令，来对sdc和sdd进行分区：rootserver3 dev# fdisk /dev/sdcrootserver3 dev# fdisk /dev/sdd 查看并确认分区的情况：rootserver3 dev# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdd1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux 4、 配置ASM：rootserver3 asm# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configureConfiguring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM librarydriver. The following questions will determine whether the driver isloaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current valueswill be shown in brackets (). Hitting without typing ananswer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface :oracleDefault group to own the driver interface :oinstallStart Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) y:Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) y:Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: doneInitializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: OK Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: OK 5、 系统添加磁盘：rootserver3 asm# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1Marking disk VOL1 as an ASM disk: OK rootserver3 asm# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1Marking disk VOL2 as an ASM disk: OK rootserver3 asm# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL3 /dev/sdd1Marking disk VOL3 as an ASM disk: OK 6、 创建ASM初始化文件init+ASM.ora，在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下（可以理解为是ASM实例的pfile文件）：oraclelocalhost db_1$ cat/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/init+ASM.ora *.asm_diskstring=ORCL:VOL* *.background_dump_dest=/opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/bdump *.core_dump_dest=/opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/cdump *.instance_type=asm *.large_pool_size=24M *.remote_login_passwordfile=SHARED *.user_dump_dest=/opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/udump EOF注：/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/是本机器的$ORACLE_HOME路径。 7、创建结构目录oracleserver3 db_1$ mkdir -p /opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/udumporacleserver3 db_1$ mkdir -p /opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/bdumporacleserver3 db_1$ mkdir -p /opt/ora10g/admin/+ASM/cdump 8、创建asm实例的密码文件：oraclelocalhost dbs$ orapwd file=orapw+ASM password=minnow 9、我们来测试一个asm实例能否启动：oracleserver3 $ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release .0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 20:10:11 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005 , Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name:sys as sysdbaEnter password:Connected to an idle instance. SQL startupORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Manager 10、下面来添加CSS，以解决9中出现的问题。oraclelocalhost dbs$ localconfig addYou must be logged in as root to run /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig.Log in as root and restart /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig execution.提示需要以root来执行命令：rootlocalhost # /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.Creating OCR keys for user root, privgrp root.Operation successful.Configuration for local CSS has been initialized Adding to inittabStartup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.Checking the status of new Oracle init process.Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.CSS is active on these nodes. localhostCSS is active on all nodes.Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M) 11、我们再启动以下ASM实例，由于我们没有创建磁盘组，所以提示没有mount diskgroup正常：rootserver3 # su - oracleoracleserver3 $ echo $ORACLE_SID+ASMoracleserver3 $ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release .0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 20:16:46 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: sys as sysdbaEnter password:Connected to an idle instance. SQL startupASM instance started Total System Global Area 96468992 bytesFixed Size 1217908 bytesVariable Size 70085260 bytesASM Cache 25165824 bytesORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted 12、下面，可以执行dbca，开始创建数据库 了：第一步的时候，选择新建数据：第三步的时候，数据库实例的SID要和ASM中的asm_diskstring参数中的SID一致本例中是SID）第六步时。指定存储项为ASM： 点击Next的时候，提示需要关闭asm实例：第七步时，点击Create New创建新的Disk Group：给新的磁盘组取名为DATA1，并把三块硬盘都加入到改组，冗余项选择normal：经过上述操作后，一个磁盘组DATA1已经创建好，并且已经加载上：指定数据文件创建的位置，默认创建在DATA1磁盘组下：第九步，指定Flash Recovery Area的位置和大小，按照默认的即可：第十步，选择安装样例数据库：第十一步，字符集我们可以进行如下的选择：第十二步，查看数据库存储相关信息：第十三步，点击Finish来结束配置过程，进行数据库的创建安装过程中的截图： 安装完成后的截图：至此，单机上安装ASM已经完成。我们现在可以登陆asm实例，查看下一些相关的视图：oracleserver3 $ echo $ORACLE_SID+ASMoracleserver3 $ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release .0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 20:56:29 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: sys as sysdbaEnter password: Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release .0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL SELECT GROUP_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,DB_NAME,STATUS 2 FROM v$asm_client; GROUP_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME DB_NAME STATUS- - - - 1ORCLORCLCONNECTED 查看ASM中的数据文件：SQL set linesize 500SQL SELECT FILE_NUMBER,BLOCKS,BLOCK_SIZE/1024 BLOCK_KB,BYTES/1024/1024 AS MB,SPACE/1024/1024 AS MB,TYPE FROM v$asm_file;FILE_NUMBER BLOCKS BLOCK_KB MB MB TYPE- - - - - - 256 61441 8 480.007813 965 DATAFILE 257 30721 8 240.007813 485 DATAFILE 258 4481 8 35.0078125 75 DATAFILE 259 641 8 5.0078125 12 DATAFILE 260 431 16 6.734375 24 CONTROLFILE 261 431 16 6.734375 24 CONTROLFILE 262 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG 263 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG 264 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG 265 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG 266 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG FILE_NUMBER BLOCKS BLOCK_KB MB MB TYPE- - - - - - 267 102401 .5 50.0004883 115 ONLINELOG 268 2561 8 20.0078125 42 TEMPFILE 269 12801 8 100.007813 205 DATAFILE 270 5 .5 .002441406 2 PARAMETERFILE 登陆ORCL实例oracleserver3 $ export ORACLE_SID=ORCLoracleserver3 $ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release .0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 20:53:52 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: sys as sysdbaEnter password: Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release .0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL select instance_name from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME-ORCL查看表空间及其所对应的文件名。发现具体的路径不详，由ASM自动给我们的文件命名进行管理 ：SQL select FILE_NAME ,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_data_files;FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME- -+DATA1/orcl/datafile/users.259.728512919 USERS+DATA1/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.728512919 SYSAUX+DATA1/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.728512919 UNDOTBS1+DATA1/orcl/datafile/system.256.728512919 SYSTEM+DATA1/orcl/datafile/example.269.728513077 EXAMPLE 用命令行添加新硬盘：1、以root命令来运行oracleasm命令rootserver3 dev# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL4 /dev/sde1Marking disk VOL4 as an ASM disk: OK 2、登陆至ASM实例中，输入如下命令，需要有add failgroup子句：SQL alter diskgroup DATA1add failgroupVOL4 disk ORCL:VOL4; 可以看到，添加好了VOL4之后，会进行重平衡，每个磁盘的使用容量是相同的：SQL SELECT GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,NAME,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB 2 FROM v$asm_disk;GROUP_NUMBERDISK_NUMBERNAME TOTAL_MB FREE_MB- 1 0VOL1 2047 1377 1 1VOL2 2047 1376 1 2VOL3 2047 1376 1 3VOL4 2047 1377 Asm工具初体验or