博士英语口语Presentation-birth-control-改后-2

Birthcontrol,Contents,Thebackgroundofthebirthcontrolinchina,Whydoweconductsuchatwo-childpolicyforallcouplestoday?,Whataboutyourchoice?,Theidealstate,Therealitymaybelikethis.,Chinaspopulationsoaredfrom600millionin1953to1billionin1982,FamilyPlanningPolicyChanges1950sPopulationissueroseforthefirsttimeinthe1950s.Thefirstnationalcensuslaunchedin1953recordedapopulationof580million1970sFromthe1970s,theChineseGovernmentbegantotakemeasurestocurbfastpopulationgrowth.Throughacampaignof“nomorethantwochildreninafamily,”populationgrowthwassuccessfullyreducedbyhalfinthefirsthalfofthedecade1980Chinaintroducedtheone-childpolicywithagoalofkeepingthepopulationunder1.2billionbeforetheendofthe20thcentury2011Apolicyamendmentthatpermitsmarriedcouplestohaveasecondchildifbothofthemareonlychildrenwasimplementedaroundthecountry2013Policyissuedallowingcouplestohavetwochildrenifoneoftheparentsisanonlychild2015Everycoupleisallowedtohavetwochildren,In2015Twochildrenforeverycouple,In1980Chinalaunchedtheone-childpolicy.,In20112013Gaveeligiblecouplesachancetohavetwochildren.,Familiescouldhavetwochildrenifoneparentwasanonlychild,Permittingonlyasmallnumberofcouplestohavetwochildren.Ifthefirst-bornisagirl,Threemajorstages,Theadverseeffectoftheonechildpolicy,Currentpopulationproblemsinchina,Populationsituationindevelopedcountries,UnregisteredchildrenChinese:黑户or“blackchild”.theydonotlegallyexistandasaresultcannotaccessmostpublicservices,suchaseducationandhealthcare,andcannotsubjecttolegalprotection.Birthtourism(生育之旅)Chinesewomengivingbirthtotheirsecondchildoverseas,apracticeknownasbirthtourism.ManywenttoHongKong,whichisexemptfromtheone-childpolicy.,TwinssoughtAccordingtoaChinadailyreportin2006,thenumberoftwinsbornwasestimatedtohavedoubledannually.ImpactedfamilystructureThreedecadesofthefamilyplanningpolicyhasalsoimpactedChinasfamilystructure.Someparentsmayoverindulgetheironlychild.Themediareferredtotheindulgedchildreninone-childfamiliesas“littleemperors”(小皇帝).oneadultchildwaslefttoprovidesupportforhisorhertwoparentsandfourgrandparents.Calledthe“4-2-1Problem”.,JapanThesinglewomenbetween25to30haveincreasedby3times,andmostofthemdontwanttohaveaboyfriend.Moreandmorekindergartens,primaryschools,andmiddleschoolshavetobeclosedbecauseofthenewbornbabyaresharplyreduced.,SouthKoreaAccordingtothelateststatistics,SouthKoreahasbeenlistedinthelowbirthratesintheworld“continuouslyfor13years.Ifeachfamilyhas1.19childrenonaverage.In2100,thepopulationwillbereducedto3million.By2750,SouthKoreawilldisappearfromtheworld.,SingaporeThebirthrateofSingaporeisthelowestintheworld.Itsonlyabout0.8%.Thesingleyoutharearound500,000,andpartsofthemevendonthaveadate.,A,AgingpopulationIn2010,therewere119millionChineseresidentsolderthan65,makingtheratioofyoungtoold8.4:1.Buttheratioisestimatedtoshrinkto3:1in2035and2:1in2050.,B,Genderimbalance.Sex-basedbirthratedisparityTheratioofmentowomeninChinaisashighas118to100in2014,accordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics.Therewillbe30millionmorementhanwomenin2020,potentiallyleadingtosocialinstability.,DecliningbirthrateandthelaborshortageAccordingtoofficialsstatistics,Chinasaw400millionlessbirthsinthepastthreedecades.ThefertilityrateinChinacontinueditsfallfrom2.8birthspercouplein1979to1.5in2010.,C,Coordinatedevelopment!Rationalpopulationcontrolandstructureadjustmenthavetocoordinatewitheachother.,questions,Withtheagingpopulationexpandinginsomecountry,isitrationaltopromotebirthcontroltoo?Thepolic