a_clean__well-lighted_place_课件

2020/5/2,1,AClean,Well-LightedPLace,ByEarnestHemingway,2020/5/2,2,ErnestHemingwayBiography,2020/5/2,3,ErnestHemingway(1899-1961),borninOakPark,Illinois,startedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeinKansasCityattheageofseventeen.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar,hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy.Servingatthefront,hewaswounded,wasdecorated(Toconferamedalorotherhonoron)bytheItalianGovernment,andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals.,2020/5/2,4,HemingwaysbirthplaceinOakPark,Illinois,2020/5/2,5,Hemingwayfishingasayoungboy.,2020/5/2,6,AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates,hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution.Duringthetwenties,HemingwaybecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis,whichhedescribedinhisfirstimportantwork,TheSunAlsoRises(1926).EquallysuccessfulwasAFarewelltoArms(1929),thestudyofanAmericanambulanceofficersdisillusionment(幻灭)inthewarandhisroleasadeserter(逃亡者).,2020/5/2,7,TheKansasCityStarbuildingwhereHemingwaytookhisfirstjobasacubreporter.,2020/5/2,8,HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).Amonghislaterworks,themostoutstandingistheshortnovel,TheOldManandtheSea(1952),thestoryofanoldfishermansjourney,hislongandlonelystrugglewithafishandthesea,andhisvictoryindefeat.,2020/5/2,9,HemingwayandalargeblueMarlincaughtintheGulfStreamnearKeyWest.,2020/5/2,10,Hemingway-himselfagreatsportsman-likedtoportraysoldiers,hunters,bullfighters-tough,attimesprimitivepeoplewhosecourageandhonestyaresetagainstthebrutalwaysofmodernsociety,andwhointhisconfrontationlosehopeandfaith.Hisstraightforwardprose,hisspare(Notlavish,abundant,orexcessive俭省的、简朴的)dialogue,andhispredilection(apreference偏爱)forunderstatement(为了修辞作用而不充分的和陈述轻描淡写的陈述)areparticularlyeffectiveinhisshortstories,someofwhicharecollectedinMenWithoutWomen(1927)andTheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories(1938).HemingwaydiedinIdahoin1961.,2020/5/2,11,Hismajorworks,TheOldManandtheSea老人与海，TheSunAlsoRises太阳照样升起，InOurTime在我们的时代里，MENWITHOUTWOMEN没有女人的男人WINNERTAKENOTHING(1933).胜者无所得，AFarewelltoArms永别了，武器，,2020/5/2,12,ForWhomTheBellTolls丧钟为谁而呜，DEATHINTHEAFTERNOON(1932),死在午后，THEGREENHILLOFAFRICA(1935),非洲的青山TOHAVEANDHAVENOT(1937)有的和没有的，ACROSSTHERIVERANDINTOTHETREES(1950).过河入林，,2020/5/2,13,Wordsandexpressions,1.After2.Motion3.Nasty4.regard5.Spill6.Rap7.Terrace8.Brass9.Pickup,2020/5/2,14,1,After:prep.Inquestorpursuitofe.g.seekafterfame追逐名誉；goafterbigmoney追求钱财Beafterwealth追求财富,2020/5/2,15,2,Motionv.tr.Todirectbymakingagesture:motionedustoourseats.用手势指示我们的座位Thebossmotionedtheaccountantin/toenter.老板示意叫会计进去。r.Tosignalbymakingagesture:示意：以手势指导：motionedtohertoenter.示意让她进来Shemotionedtothewaiter.他向侍者打了个手势。gothroughthemotionsTodosomethinginamechanicalmannerindicativeofalackofinterestorinvolvement.做姿态：机械地做某事，显示出缺乏兴趣或投入,2020/5/2,16,3-1,Nasty:adj.Disgustinglydirty.nastymedicine气味难闻的药nastyweather令人不快的天气;anasty令人生气的诡计Seemoresynonymsonnextpage,2020/5/2,17,3-2,offensive，disgusting，loathsome，nasty，repellent，repulsive，revolting，vileThecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesis“extremelyunpleasanttothesensesorfeelings”:anoffensiveremark;一句冒犯性的话；disgustinglanguage;令人作呕的语言；aloathsomedisease;令人讨厌的疾病；anastysmell;一股恶心的气味；arepellentdemand;一个让人厌恶的要求；repulsivebehavior;讨厌的举动；revoltingfood;令人作呕的食物；vilethoughts.可耻的想法,2020/5/2,18,4,Regard1)n.Carefulthoughtorattention;heed:Shegiveslittleregardtoherappearance.她不太注重外表2)N.Aparticularpointoraspect;respectShewasluckyinthatregard.在那方面她很幸运3)N.Respect,affection,oresteem:尊敬，喜爱，敬重：Hehashighregardforyourwork.他十分敬重你的工作Cf.regardsGoodwishesexpressingsuchsentiment:Givethefamilymybestregards.祝您全家幸福,2020/5/2,19,5,Spillv.Tocauseorallow(asubstance)torunorfalloutofacontainer.Ispiltthecoffee-itspiltallovermybook.我洒了咖啡，溅了我一书。Fansspilledontotheplayingfield.足迷们纷纷涌上赛场spilledthearmloadofbooksonthedesk.将怀中所抱之书散落在桌子上Cf.spiltwatercannotbegatheredupagainItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk覆水难收,2020/5/2,20,6,Rapvt.Tohitsharplyandswiftly;strike:rappedthetablewithhisfist.用拳头重击桌子r.Tostrikeaquick,lightblow:rappedonthedoor.敲门arap(n.)onthedoor轻轻的敲门声beattherap【俚语】Toescapepunishmentorbeacquittedofacharge.逃脱惩罚，免于起诉taketherap【俚语】Toacceptpunishmentortaketheblameforanoffenseorerror.接受处罚：接受惩罚或因为冒犯或错误而接受批评,2020/5/2,21,7,Terracen.Aplatformextendingoutdoorsfromafloorofahouseoranapartmentbuilding.阳台：从一座房子或公寓式建筑延伸出室外的平台e.g.Wesatontheterraceintheevening.晚上我们坐在平台上。,2020/5/2,22,8,BrassAyellowishalloyofcopperandzinc,sometimesincludingsmallamountsofothermetals,butusually67percentcopperand33percentzincorOrnaments,objects,orutensilsmadeofthisalloy.Cf.InformalBoldself-assurance;effrontery.【非正式用语】厚颜无耻：鲁莽的自我肯定；厚颜无耻Howdidshehavethebrass?她怎么会如此厚颜无耻？,2020/5/2,23,Pickup9-1,Totakeintocustody:【非正式用语】监护，逮捕，拘捕：Thecoastguardpickedupfivesmugglers.海岸检查官拘捕了五个走私犯Seemoreusagesinthefollowingpages,2020/5/2,24,Pickup9-2,Topackonesbelongings:【俚语】收拾行李：收拾某人的东西：Shejustpickedupandleft.她收拾了一下行李就走了Totunein收听MyradiocanpickupFrance.我的收音机可收听法国广播。Totakeup(something)byhand:拿起：用手拿起pickupabook.捡起一本书Tocollectorgather:收集或聚集：pickedupthebrokenpiecesofglass.拾起玻璃碎片Totidyup:整理，收拾：Letspickupthelivingroom.我们收拾一下卧室吧Totakeon(passengersorfreight)承载（客人，货物等Thebuspicksupcommutersatthreestops.公共汽车在三个站载送通勤者,2020/5/2,25,Pickup9-3,Toacquire(knowledge)bylearningorexperience:学得：通过学习或经历获得（知识）：pickedupFrenchveryquickly.很快地学起法语来Toclaim:认领，索取：pickeduphershoesattherepairshop.在修鞋铺领回鞋子Tobuy:购买：pickedupsomebeveragesonthewayhome.在回家的路上买些饮料Toaccept(abillorcharge)inordertopayit:付帐：为买某物而付（款或账）Letmepickupthetab.我来付计程车的钱,2020/5/2,26,Pickup9-4,Tocomeuponandfollow:追踪：偶然遇上并跟随：Thedogpickedupthescent.狗追着气味走Tocomeuponandobserve:发现：偶然遇到并观测：Wepickeduptwosubmarinesonsonar.我们用声波定位仪观察到两条潜水艇Tocontinueafterabreak:恢复：休息后继续：Letspickupthediscussionafterlunch.我们吃过午饭再继续讨论吧Toimproveinconditionoractivity:【非正式用语】有起色，改善：在条件或活动上提高：Salespickeduplastfall.去年的销售有起色,2020/5/2,27,Pickup9-5,Tocomedownwith(adisease):染上（病）：pickedupavirusintheoffice.在办公室染上病毒Togain:获得，赢得：pickedupfiveyardsonthatplay.在那次游戏中获得五码Toacquirecasuallyorbyaccident:不经意得到：随便或偶然地获得pickedupaminkcoatonsale.拍卖时随手买了一件貂皮大衣,2020/5/2,28,Questionsanddiscussion,1.Howmanymaincharactersareinthestory?2.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?3.Whatdoyouthinkoftheoldman?Doyouagreeto“Anoldmanisanastything.”?4.Whatdoyouthinkoftheoldwaiterinthecaf?5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheyoungwaiterinthecaf?6.Whatisthethemeofthestory?7.Whatarethewritingfeaturesofthestory?8.Whatisthelostgeneration?,2020/5/2,29,1,ThreeTheoldman,theyoungwaiterandtheoldwaiter,2020/5/2,30,2-1,TheshortstoryACleanandWell-lightedPlacetookplaceinaSpanishcaf.Theplotwasfocusedontheoldman,themiddleagedwaiterandtheyoungwaiter.Theoldmanwasthemaincharacterintheshortstory.Lateatnight,everyonehadleftthecafexcepttheolddeafman,whowasalittledrunk.Thetwowaiterswereworriedthathemightleavewithoutpayingifhebecamedeeplydrunk.Thentheykeptwatchingonhimandbegantheirconversationabouttheoldman,throughwhichmoreinformationcanbelearnedabouttheoldman.,2020/5/2,31,2-2,Hemingwaytookthetwowaitersasknowninformation,andtheoldmanasunknowninformation.Therewasasharpcontrastbetweentheyouthandoldness,betweentheoldandyoungwaiters.Infact,theoldman,themiddleagedwaiterandtheyoungwaiterrepresenttheyouth,themiddleageandtheoldageinthedifferentstagesoflife.Ineachstage,peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardslifeandtheyleaddifferentwaysoflife.Atthesametime,thethreetypicalcharactersalsoreflectthepeoplesspiritualstateaftertheWWIinAmericansociety.,2020/5/2,32,3-1,Theoldmanscharacteriscomplex.BeingdepressedbutstillkeepingdignitywastheoldmansimagecreatedbyHemingway,whichfitstheimageof“HemingwayHero”.,2020/5/2,33,3-2,Ontheonehand,theoldmanwasweak,despairedandextremelyunhappy.Hehadalotofmoneybutlostbelief.Hestoppedbelievinginanythingthatmighthavebeensignificantinthepast.Forhim,Nothingnessmeanthopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessofthelife.Theoldmantriedtocommitsuicidebutfailed.Thenhelikedtositlateinthecafacleanandwell-lightedplacetobuydrunk.,2020/5/2,34,3-3,Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothattheoldmansdeafnesswasanimagesymbolizinghisseparationfromtherestoftheworld.Theoldmanneededaplaceofrefugefromhisterribleawarenessofthathumanlivesweremeaningless.Ontheotherhand,thoughtheoldmanwasindespair,hestillkeptdignity.Intheshortstory,therearemanysentencesdescribingtheoldmansdignity.Hemingwayoncesaidthatamancouldbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.Moreover,theoldmanwasdeafandlonely,buthewasnotdefeatedspiritually.,2020/5/2,35,4-1,Theoldwaiterwasmoresympathetic.Heknewtheimportanceofacleanandwell-lightedplaceforthosewhoneedarefugetoescapefromthereality.Heknewtheoldmanssufferingandwassympathizedwithhim.Therefore,hedidnotthinkitwasbadfortheoldmantostayinthecaflateintothenight.,2020/5/2,36,4-2,Theoldwaiterhasmoreexperiencesintheworld,sohecanunderstandtheoldmanbetter.Hemingwayexpresseshisownattitudesthroughtheoldwaiters.Theauthormakesthemcleartousthoughtheobservationoftheoldwaiterwhohasexperiencedtheyouthandunderstoodthenothingnessoftheold.,2020/5/2,37,5-3,TheyoungwaiterlivedinNadaaswell,evenifhedidnotrealizeit.Hisignorancemakesastrongcontrastwiththeoldmanswisdom.Hewasunawareofwhathehad.Forhim,thelifewasanotherkindofmeaninglessness,becausehewasblindlyconfidentwiththeunreliableyouth.,2020/5/2,38,5-1,Theyoungwaiterwasselfishandimpatient.Hehadawifewaitingforhimtogohome,sohewantedtheolddeafmantoleaveassoonaspossible.Therefore,hebecameangryandimpolite.Heintentionallypouredthebrandyoutofthecup.Hisbadserviceformedastrongcontrastwiththeoldmanscleanness.Hedidnotsensethedignitytheoldmanhadabouthim.Furthermore,theyoungwaiterwasignorantandblindlyconfident.Hewassoconcernedwiththedailyroutinesanddesiresthathedidnotcareabouttheothers.Hecouldnotunderstandtheoldman.,2020/5/2,39,5-2,Hedidnotrealizewhathehad,suchasjob,wifeandconfidence,wasunreliablebecausehewasyoung.Hethoughtthatmoneyshouldkeepapersonbehappy.Hemeantthattheoldmanhadnoreasontokillhimselfbecausehewasrich.Poverty,inhisopinion,wouldbetheonlyexcuseforsuicide.,2020/5/2,40,6-1,ThethemeofNada/nothingness(Theconditionorqualityofbeingnothing;nonexistence虚无)isthekeynoteofthewholestory.Nadameanshopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessoflife.NearlyallthecharactersliveinNada.,2020/5/2,41,6-2,Itlifewasallanothingandamanwasanothingtoo.Manisfacedwithlonelinessandisolationfromtherestoftheworld.Manmustconsequentlyfindsomethingtodistracthimselffromhishorribletruth.Hemingwayconsiderslonelinesstheprincipletragedyofmodernhumanlife.Facedwith“nothinginthemodernsocietynowandthen,manshouldseeklightandordertoestablishdignityinlife.,2020/5/2,42,6-3,ThiskindofcourageneededbymantofightagainstintolerablelonelinessisexactlythethemeHemingwaywantedtodisplayinthestory.Fortheoldmanandtheolderwaiter,acleanandwell-lightedcafeissuchanescape.Thepervadingmetaphorinthisstoryispredictably,thecleanwell-lightedplace.”AlthoughNadaistherealfeelingthatpeoplecannotescapefrom,theonlywaytoresistNadaistokeepacleanandwell-lightedplaceinthesoul,thatis,love,sympathyanddignity,2020/5/2,43,7-1,Hemingwayisfamousforhisliterarystyle:simple,understated,anddirect.Hewasathisbestdescribingphysicalactivity.HisshortstoryACleanandWell-LightedPlacewaswritteninhisearlytime,whichhasatypicalHemingwaysstyle.,2020/5/2,44,7-2,Hemingwayhelpedtoaccomplisharevolutioninliteraturestyleandlanguage.Hetriedtocutoutallthewordsthatwerenotnecessary.Hisstylewascharacterizedbyshortandsimplesentenceswithafewadjectivesandadverbs.,2020/5/2,45,7-3,Hemingwayusedalotofconversationstocomparethemiddleagedwaiterwith