船长新版会话新增（第四版） 丙类.doc

航海英语听力与会话评估资料（船长）Unit 1 General EnglishLesson 1 Shipboard Everyday LifeTopic Presentation1. How do you like your career as a seafarer?I have been the Captain for nearly ten years. I like this job. I can get a good salary to give my family a better life and make cargoes transported from one place to another. Sometimes I feel a little lonely and homesick. As a Captain, I have responsibility for running the ship while at sea and for the safety of the crew, passengers and cargo. I am on duty for 24 hours.2. List some effective ways to manage a multinational crew.Multinational crews come from different cultural backgrounds. They speak different languages. So it is difficult to communicate effectively. This may make crew feel lonely and even lead to dangerous situation due to misunderstanding warnings or orders. Masters can actively encourage recreational activities such as birthday celebrations, barbeques, table tennis, card games etc. Crew members should be encouraged to be sensitive to each others tastes in food, music and art and also to be considerate to each others needs.Unit 3 Berthing and Unberthing OperationLesson 2 Communication Between Bridge and Forward and Aft StationTopic Presentation1. Describe the measures to be taken to ensure safety of the ship while at anchor or berth.On any ship at anchor or berth, the master must arrange for an appropriate and effective watch to be continuously maintained for the purpose of safety. The master must decide the composition and duration of the deck watch depending on the conditions of anchoring, type of the ship and character of duties. If the master considers it necessary, a qualified officer must be in charge of the deck watch. The necessary equipment shall be so arranged as to provide for efficient watch keeping. 2. Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor.The master shall instruct the duty officer to keep anchor watch, and the duty officer should determine and plot the ships position on the chart as soon as practicable. When circumstances permit, check whether the ship is remaining securely at anchor by taking bearings of fixed navigation marks. Besides, it is important to post proper look-out.The duty officer shall notify master as soon as possible in case of dragging. It is essential to take all possible measures to stop the dragging. At last, the accident shall be kept in the logbook.Lesson 3 Communication Between Bridge and TugTopic Presentation1. Describe the procedures before a ships arrival at a port.Before arriving at a port, the bridge has to communicate with the port and pilot station by VHF, informs her ETA and get the necessary information about draft restrictions, fairway speed, pilotage, weather report, depths of water, tides, etc. Call master onto the bridge to give instructions and monitor the operation of the ship. The engine room prepares to change oil and supply power. The deck crew members are at their different stations, testing the mooring machinery, mooring lines and checking the pressure on fire mains. Get everything ready for anchoring and mooring.Lesson 5 Communication Between Bridge and Port/DockTopic Presentation1. Describe the procedures before leaving a port.Before leaving a port, first decide whether the ship needs tug assistance and make necessary arrangement. Get information on the weather, tides and the movements of the nearby vessels. Test bridge instruments to ensure that they are in good working orders. Synchronize ships clock and make arrangements for pilots embarkation or disembarkation, ensure charts and navigational publications corrected up-to-date. The engine room prepares to change oil and supply power. The deck crew members are at their different stations preparing for leaving a port. They shall get everything ready for letting go all lines and heaving away anchor.Questions and answers1. Can you list at least three mooring lines?Yes, They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line.2. What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board?The pilot ladder, a heaving line, lights and a life buoy.3. What is the maximum speed through the water that your ship can anchor without risking breaking the cable?The maximum speed can be calculated according to the formula: ships speed minus water speed.4. What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot?Flag G.5. How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival?The ship can get in touch with a port through VHF.6. What ships particulars will pilot station usually ask for?Pilot station usually asks for ships name, length, breadth, drafts fore and aft, air draft, GT/NT. and so on.7. What should be reported to the pilot station?Ships name, call sign, nationality, ships type, number of persons on board, present position and ETA at pilot station.8. What should be confirmed from the pilot station?Pilots boarding time and boarding point, the ships side on which pilot ladder will be put.9. When the vessel enters the VTS area, what is requested to report?Ships name and call sigh, present course and speed, destination, last port of call. ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point and so on.10. What does foul anchor mean?It means that the anchor has its own cable twisted around it.11. If you are ordered: Stand by both engines! how should you reply and report?I shall repeat Stand by both engines, and then report Both engines stand by.12. Can you list three famous canals in the world?They are Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal.13. When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF Communication, what do you say?I will say Stand by on VHF channel 16.14. How do you rectify the mistake in marine VHF communication?I should first say mistake, then followed by correction and the correct message.15. How do you emphasize the important part of a message in maritime VHF communication?We can say repeat followed by the important part of the message.16. What does abandon vessel mean?It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a distressed vessel.17. What does the abbreviation ETD stand for?It means the Estimated Time of Departure.18. What does dredging of an anchor mean?It means moving an anchor along the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel.19. What does underway mean?It means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.20. What does dragging of an anchor ?It means moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel.21. what is the difference between a “radar beacon” and a “radar reflector”?A radar beacon is a radar transponder emitting a characteristic signal; and a radar reflector is used to obtain stronger echoes from radar targets.22. How many objects do you need to get a position using “horizontal sextant angles”?At least two objects.23. Why is a magnetic compass kept on board when a gyro compass is more accurate?Because a magnetic compass is more reliable. It is cheap, and requires no electric power.24. What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is clear of it?I will report: “Anchor is aweigh.”25. When preparing for anchoring what must you do before releasing the bow stoppers?We must make sure that the windlass is out of gear and the brakes are on.26. Would you let go an anchor from hawse pipe if the depth was 75 meters?No, we would not.27. Why must you consider ships speed and sea depth when you release the bow stoppers? If the ships speed is too fast, the anchor chain is easy to break, if too slowly the anchor cant grab the ground. If the sea depth is too shallow, its easy to ground, if too deep the anchor cant reach the ground.28. What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilots embarkation?A heaving line and a lifebuoy.29. Why is it dangerous to anchor in ice?Because ice can cause crash to the hull and bottom.30. What flag is hoisted when the pilot has arrived on board?Flag “H”.Unit 4 NavigationLesson 1 Communication for Preventing CollisionTopic Presentation1. Please describe the Captains duties for preventing collision.All masters must be aware of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. All vessels must travel at a safe speed at all times. A safe speed is one at which the vessel can be stopped in time to avoid any danger which arises suddenly. In judging a safe speed the master must consider a number of issues including: Drive slowly in restricted visibility and at night. Slow down on busy waterways. Slow down in shallow areas or in unfamiliar waterways. Take full into account of wind, waves and currents which may affect maneuverability of the vessel. The master is responsible at all times for keeping a lookout for dangers. The master must be fully aware of the vessel environment, especially in bad weather, restricted visibility or darkness.Last year, a bulk carrier of my company struck a fishing vessel of 8 meters off the North East coast of Australia. It occurred because of lack of proper lookout on both vessels. Fishing vessel may present a poor radar target, besides the reflection of moonlight from the water prevented the fishing vessel hull being seen. So the master should ensure that the watch officer maintain proper lookout all the time, especially in restricted visibility and at night.Lesson 2 Navigating in Heavy WeatherTopic Presentation1. Describe the actions to be taken by the captain while navigating in heavy weather.During navigation in heavy weather, The Master shall obtain forecast for the area. Passage plan shall be checked for estimated time of passing such area. If not on weather routing advice already, in case of severe storm, he may ask for such services through the operator. The Master shall, if possible, select a reasonable route that allows the vessel to avoid navigation in heavy weather or keep a safe distance from the storm center. The Master must regulate speed and/or alter course in heavy weather in order to avoid the possibility of damage to ship and cargo, also to avoid needless expenditure of fuel. If vessel is available to use a certain cargo tank designated for Heavy Weather Ballasting, and the Master considers it necessary to do so due to inadequate draft, he shall inform it to the company and also he shall take all necessary precautions for this Ballasting and De-ballasting process. The Master shall inspect the vessel and cargo during navigation and make cargo properly secured and lashed.Lesson 3 Navigating in Special AreasTopic Presentation1. Please say something about navigating in ice area.Ice is an obstacle to any ship, even an icebreaker, and the navigator is advised to be aware of the latent power and strength of ice in all its forms. Ice may trap your vessel or damage your hull. While navigating in ice area, you should remember that:1. keep moving - even very slowly, but try to keep moving;2. try to work with the ice movement and weaknesses but not against them;3. excessive speed almost always results in ice damage; and4. know your ships maneuvering characteristics.5. Light and partly loaded ships should be ballasted as deeply as possible.6. good searchlights should be available to aid in visibility during night navigation.7. carry sufficient fresh water, supplies and fuel.2. Please say something about difference between navigating in a narrow channel and in a traffic separation scheme.The rules in navigating in narrow channels are described as the COLREG rule 9. The rules in navigating in a traffic separation scheme are described as the COLREG rule 10. When passing a narrow channel, vessel should pay attention to the dangers within the channel, such as current situation, fixed navigation status and moving contact state and so on. When passing a traffic separation scheme, vessel should pay special attention the use of the leading buoys, side buoys and other aids to navigation.Questions and answers1. Why is it important to sound fog signals?In order to warn the vessels in vicinity to avoid collision in fog.2. When would you sound the general alarm?In case of fire and emergency.3. When should an OOW notify the master immediately for emergency ship-handling or complicated navigation? Please list some.When passing the narrow channel, in poor visibility, and in sudden failure of the engines, etc.4. How does the OOW assess risk of collision generally?Consider DCPA and TCPA.5. How should the relieving officer behave in case a bridge maneuver already took place but has not been over?Pay special attention to ships position, navigational aids, navigation condition. If at night, follow the masters standing orders.6. List the main items to be updated on the pilot card?The boarding time and boarding point, etc.7. Besides the collision risks, what else should you monitor on watch in reduce visibility?Risk of grounding, vessels speed, traffic density, etc.8. How do you know the VHF channels to be monitored when leaving port?Make sure if the VHF is on the correct working frequency, so as to contact with others through VHF.9.What should the Master expect from the OOW on arriving at the bridge?The actual situation and navigation condition.10.Who should be in attendance when a pilot is on the ladder?The third officer or the sailor on duty.11.When would you instruct a lookout to assist you on the bridge?When the visibility becomes poor, or in the narrow channels and heavy traffic areas.12. What effect will the general alarm have on the crew?The crew should be alert on the alarm, take effective measures and go to assembly station if necessary.13. Why is record keeping a necessary part of watch-keeping?It can be used as evidence in case of accident.14. Apart from those for navigation safety, what else should you do on an anchor watch?Observing rise and fall of the tide, making patrols of the ship and watching the anchor position, etc.15. How would you conveniently, check the compass error in pilotage waters?By checking the landmarks, lighthouse and nearby ships.16. If a sailing ship is overtaking a power-driven vessel , who has the right of way?A power- driven vessel has the right of way.17. A power-driven vessel is on a collision course with a fishing trawler. Who has the right of way ?A fishing trawler has the right of way.18. How many meters are there in a nautical mile?There are 1852 meters in a nautical mile.19. If you travel from panama to NEW York, will your latitude increase or decrease?My latitude will increase.20. How many “position lines ” are needed to make a position?At least two.21. How can you define the very important term “underway”?It means that a ship is not at anchor, made fast to shore or aground.22. You observe a ship, during daytime ,exhibiting three balls on the same halyard .what has happened?The ship is aground.23. What does the abbreviation IALA stand for?It stands for International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.24. Is it safe to pass north of a North Mark?Yes, it is.25. Is it safe to pass north of a South Mark?No, it isnt.26. Dose variation change due to ships position?Yes, it is.27. Does deviation change due to ships position?Yes, it is.28. When correcting charts why must you use symbols and abbreviations from chart 5011?Because chart 5011 is the standard chart. It contains all the standard symbols and abbreviations.29. You have purchased a new chart, is it right ready for use?No, you should first correct it.30. What publication do you need to correct charts properly?Notice to mariners.31. What course in degrees corresponds to south-east?Course on 135.32. What is the angle between magnetic and true meridian called? Variation.33. Where can you always find information about the magnetic variation? Magnetic rose on the chart.34. When a ship pick up speed , will draught increase or decrease? Draught will increase.35. A ship ahead of you has hoisted the signal flag “o”, what has happened?There is someone overboard.Unit 5 Shipboard Emergency ResponseLesson 1 Shipboard EmergenciesTopic Presentation1. Please say something about Ships Collision Accident Handling.After collision with another ship, as the master of the ship, you should inform your owner or manager, firstly, record the date, time and location of the collision. Secondly, Ask your crew to survey the damage of both vessels and confirm details on the other ship. You can take photographs of damage to your ship and the other ship and ask witnesses to write down what happened. These records and documents should be secured for evidence. Then you should investigate the cause of the collision. Finally, make the conclusion of salvage contract and recording the salvage operation. 2. Please say something about Ships stranding accident handling. In case of stranding, firstly make inspection of stranding condition and make sure which part is stranded and what caused the stranding. Secondly, take proper measures, such as deballasting, shifting of ballast, or jettisoning of cargo if necessary. Wait for high water if all the actions taken failed. Thirdly, make an interview with crew members. Finally make a recording of refloating operation and conclusion of salvage contract. Questions and answers1. What is your purpose to prepare the Confirmation of Collision Occurrence to the Master of the other vessel?Inform the Captain of the accidents state, cause and the relevant responsibilities.2. What shall be usually attached to the report on the accident? Surveyors report,