国际交流英语视听说B2U5

Listening1,Professor:Allright,todayweregoingtocontinueourdiscussiononethics.Welldiscussthequestion,“ShouldtheInuitpeopleofNorthAmericabeallowedtohuntseals?”Itsanimportantquestion,andinrecentyears,theEuropeanUnionmadeitillegaltotradesealproducts.SoinEurope,youcantbuyorsellsealskins,orsealoil,oranythingmadefromseals.Now,youprobablydontwearseal-skinclothingorusealotofsealoil,right?AndthelawispopularwithmostpeopleinEurope.Why?Becausetheyseepicturesofcutebabyseals,andthentheyseepicturesofthesealhunt.Peoplekillthesealswithagun,orinthemoreold-fashionedway,byhittingthemonthehead.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Professor:Thepicturesshowtheredbloodontheice,andformanypeople,itsdisgusting.Theythinkitstheirresponsibilitytostopthesealhunt.Yes?Youhaveaquestion?Student1:Yes,Ihaveseenthosepicturesandvideos,too.Theyrereallydifficulttowatch!ImnotsurprisedthatEuropeanswanttostopsealhunting!Itsawful!Professor:Itdoeslookbad,buttheInuitpeoplehaveadifferentopinion.Theydependonanimalsforfood.Afterall,notmanyplantscangrowinsuchacoldclimate,sopeopletherecantraisecropssuchasriceorwheat.Therefore,theInuitpeoplehaveaspecialrelationshipwithanimals.Theysaytheyvaluetheanimalsandhavealotofrespectforthem,andwithseals,theyknowhowtokilltheanimalsquickly.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Professor:TheycompareittoEuropeansandotherpeoplekillinganimalssuchaschickensorcattleforfood.Ofcourse,alotofusdontseethoseanimalsbeingkilled,somaybethatswhyitdoesntupsetus.Anyway,howdoesthelawintheEuropeanUnionaffecthuntersinNorthAmerica?Well,itdoesntaffectalotofthehunters.ManyofthepeopleinthosepicturesandvideosarenotInuitpeople.Theyhuntsealsfortheirownreasons.ButwithintheInuitcommunity,sealskinsareasourceofincome.Thesealmeatisusuallyeatenathome,andinthepast,theysoldtheskinsmostlytoEurope.SofortheInuitpeople,thelawhasseriousresults.Arethereanyquestions?,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Student2:ImwonderingwhatsaheadfortheInuitpeopleyouknow,whatwilltheirfuturebelike?Imean,theycantcontrolthelawsinEurope,right?Professor:Thatstrue.However,theInuitpeoplearetryingtochangethelaw.TheythinkthattheyshouldbeabletosellsealproductsinEuropebecausetheyweresomeofthefirstpeopleinNorthAmerica.Tothem,theInuitsealhuntisdifferentfromtherestofCanadassealhunt.Otherquestions?,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Student3:Well,weretalkingaboutethics,andtheInuitpeoplesayitsfineforthemtokillanimalsbecausepeopleinotherpartsoftheworldkillanimals,too.Personally,Idontagree.Imavegan,soIdonteatmeatoranyotheranimalproducts.Ithinkallofussharetheresponsibilityfortakingcareofanimalsmakingsurenobodytreatsanimalsbadly.Professor:Andthatsaveryimportantidea.Ifpeoplereallycareaboutanimals,shouldtheyuseanimalsforfoodandclothing?Letssee.howmanypeopleinthisclasseatanimalproductslikemeatoreggs?Raiseyourhands.OK,itlookslikemostofyou,Listening2,Jack:Itsbeenalongtime,Dakarai!TellushowislifeinKaribaTown?Dakarai:Lifeisprettygood,Jack!Thetownisgrowingfast.Jack:Isupposepeoplegotherebecausetheresinterestingwildlifeandbeautifulscenery.Dakarai:Yes,andtherearejobstheremostlyintourismandfishing.Jasmine:SuretheremustbealotoffishinLakeKariba.Dakarai:Thatsright,Jasminealotoffish,anditsagreatplacetogoboating,sotouristslovethat.Andofcoursetouristswanttoseethewildlifeelephants,leopards,baboonsalotofdifferentanimalslivethere.Ofcourse,thatsalsooneoftheproblemsinKariba.,Tobecontinued,Listening2,Jasmine:Whyisitaproblem?Dakarai:Itsthesameproblemaseverywhereelse,especiallyotherplacesinAfrica.Theresaconflictbetweenpeopleandnature,right?Peoplewanttogrowcropsanimalswanttoeatthecrops.Peoplewanttomoveontotheanimalslandtheanimalssometimesattackpeople.Jack:DoesthathappeninKariba?Aretheanimalsaggressive?Dakarai:Actually,animalattacksarenotcommon.MostpeopleinKaribadontwalkaroundatnight,sotheyavoidanyproblems.Jasmine:Youdontgooutatnight?Dakarai:Mostofthetime,no.InKariba,daytimeisforpeople,andatnight,animalsdoanythingtheywant.Elephantswalkaroundoutsideyourhouse,andleopardswalkdownthestreet.,Tobecontinued,Listening2,Jasmine:Really?IcantimagineanelephantoutsidemyhousenothereinAthens!Jack:Shesright.TherearentalotofwildanimalsinthispartofGreece.Dakarai:Well,Athensisaveryoldcity,buttherewasnoKaribaTownbeforethe1950s.ThelandaroundKaribabelongedtotheanimals.Jasmine:Andthentheybuiltthedam.Dakarai:Yes,thatsright.Thentheybuiltthedam.Youknow,whenthewaterbehindthedambegantorise,peoplehadtosavealotoftheanimals.Theywentinboatstogetthem.Canyouimagine?Itsnoteasytogetwildbaboonsandzebrasintoaboat!,Tobecontinued,Listening2,Jack:Wow!Itsamazingthatpeopledidthat!Jasmine:So,howaretheanimalsdoingnow?Dakarai:Notverywell,Imafraid.Theresawildlifereservenearthelake,butitsalimitedarea,andalotofpeoplearehuntingtheanimals.Jasmine:Thatsawful!Whyaretheydoingthat?Dakarai:Well,sometimestheyreafraid.Theythinktheanimalsmightattackthem.Mostofthetime,though,thepeoplearehuntingforfood.AlotofpeopleinKaribaTownarepoor,andhuntingisawaytofeedtheirfamilies.Jack:Icanseetheproblem,then.Dakarai:Itisaproblem,butthesewildanimalsareworthalottoZimbabwe.TheyreanimportantpartofnatureandofAfrica,andtheybringtouristsintothecountryaswell.,Tobecontinued,Listening2,Jasmine:Tourists.andmoneyfromtourism.Dakarai:Thatsright.Well,Ishouldgetgoing.Imgivingatalkin20minutes.Jack:OK.Itwasgreattoseeyouagain,Dakarai!Jasmine:Yes,itreallywas,andgoodluckwithyourtalk!Dakarai:Thanks,itwasgoodtoseebothofyou,too.,Narrator:Speed.strength.andpower.Thousandsofyearsbeforehumansinventedcarsandairplanes,itwasthehorsewhoallowedustogofaster,gofarther,andexploretheworld.HorsesbelongtothefamilyofmammalscalledEquidae,alongwithzebrasanddonkeys.Liketheircloserelatives,horsesadaptedtoliveinopencountry,eatinggrass,andusingsheerspeedtoescapepredators.Theyrehighlysocialandliveinherds,whichalsohelpsprotectagainstenemies.Atfirst,humanswerejustoneofthemanyhuntersthatpreyedonthehorse.Butsome4,000yearsago,incentralAsia,everythingchanged.,Tobecontinued,Whetheritwasinspiration.oranexperiment.orateen-agedgame,someonejumpedontoahorsesback.Fromthenon,humanhistorywassettothepoundingsoundofhorseshooves.Whethertheywereconquistadorsorcowboystheyowetheiradventurestothesameanimal.HorsesfirstlivedintheforestsofNorthAmerica.Aboutamillionyearsago,somecrossedlandbridges,spreadingtoAsiaandEurope.Thesepioneerssavedtheirspecies.About8,000yearsago,eitherclimatechangeoroverhuntingbyearlyhumansdiditsdamageandthelasthorsesinAmericadiedout.Horsessailedbacktotheirnativelandinthe1500s,carriedintheshipsofSpanishexplorers.SoonNativeAmericansweretradingwiththeSpanish,eagertoowntheseamazingnewanimals.,Tobecontinued,Thedescendantsoftheirhorsesliveon,inwildherdsofmustangs,whichliveintheAmericanWesttoday.Ashorsesbecamevaluableworkers,peoplebegantobreedthemfordifferentjobs.Overahundreddifferentbreedsofdomestichorsesarenowrecognized,buttheyallbelongtothesamespecies,Equuscaballus.Horsesareclassifiedbasedontheirheight,whichismeasuredinhandsaunitoffourinches,orliterallythewidthofahumanhand.Poniesaresimplysmallhorsesstandinglessthan14.2hands,orjustunderfivefeet,attheshoulder.Drafthorsesareheavilybuilt,withenoughstrengthtopullweightyloads,andcanstandover19hands,orsixandahalffeethigh.Lighthorsessuchasracehorsesfallinbetween.,Tobecontinued,Overthelastcentury,machineshavetakenovermostoftheworkthathorsesusedtodo.Yettherearemorehorsesalivetodaythanduringthe1800ssome62million.Horsesstillofferusanimportantconnectiontothenaturalworldpartnerstoworkandplaywithandthetouchofsomethingwild.,TheMaasaipeopleofEastAfricahaveaspecialrelationshipwithonekindofanimal.Theydependoncattleformeatandmilk,whichmakeupmostoftheMaasaidiet.Inordertoraisecattleinadryclimate,theMaasaipeopleshareland.Eachfamilyhasitsownanimals,buttheymovethecattleoverlongdistancesandontodifferentfamilieslandinordertofindenoughgrassforthecattletoeat.LiketheMaasai,theSamipeopleofnorthernEuropevalueoneanimalmorethananyother.Inthisdifficultclimate,reindeergivetheSamipeoplefood,clothing,andotherusefulitems.Nowadays,someSamipeopleraisereindeeronfarms,butmanySamipeoplestilltravellongdistanceswiththeiranimals.Thisgivesthemadetailedknowledgeofthelandandagreatrespectfornature.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,NooneknowsexactlywhatisaheadfortheSamipeoplebecauseclimatechangemakesthefutureoftheArcticuncertain.UnliketheMaasaiandSamipeople,theAboriginesofAustraliahaveadifferentkindofrelationshipwithanimals.Australiahasmanykindsofanimals,andallofthemarepartoftheAboriginestraditionalculture.Inthepast,theyhuntedsomeoftheanimalsforfood.Otheranimalsappearedinstoriesorinveryoldpaintingsonrocks.FortheAborigines,everythinginnatureisconnected,andhumanbeingshaveaspecialrolewithinthenaturalworld.OnegroupofAboriginesbelievesitistheirresponsibilitytomakesureAustraliaskangaroosaredoingwell.,Listening1,NorthAmericanblackbearsareshyanimals.Theyarefearfulbynature,andwillusuallyrunawayiftheyseeorhearpeople.Becauseofthis,itcanbedifficultforscientiststolearnabouttheseanimals.Inordertostudyblackbears,researchersinthestateofNewJerseyintheUnitedStates,catchbearsintraps.Thentheysedatethebearswithdrugs,sotheygotosleepandcannotmoveforashorttime.Researchersthenmeasureandweighthebear,removeatoothtofindoutthebearsage,andtakebloodtotestfordiseases.Fromthesestudies,researcherswanttofindouthowmanybearsliveinNewJersey,howlongtheylive,andhowmanybabies,orcubs,theyproduce.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,Severalhundredmilestothewest,anotherblackbearstudyistakingplaceinMinnesotaintheUnitedStates.There,Dr.LynnRogersandhisteamstudybearsthatarecompletelyawake.Thebearsknowtheresearchersvoicesandtheyarenotafraidoftheteam.Theystillru