Walden-瓦尔登湖中英介绍.---finaPPT课件

Walden,HenryDavidThoreau,1,-,2,-,创作背景,1845年，28岁的梭罗住进瓦尔登自耕自食，两年有余实验生活他不是逃避人生，而是在探索人生，批判人生，振奋人生，阐述人生地更高规律。“Iwenttothewoods,becauseIwantedtolivedeliberately.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife.Toputtoroutallthatwasnotlife.Andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.”,3,-,瓦尔登湖与圣经诸书一同被美国国会图书馆评为“塑造读者的25本书”。在当代美国，它是读者最多的散文经典。美国著名作家哈丁曾说，瓦尔登湖内容丰厚、意义深远，它是简单生活的权威指南，是对大自然的真情描述，是向金钱社会的讨伐檄文，是传世久远的文学名著，是一部圣书。,评价,4,-,5,-,译序：,“瓦尔登湖是本静静的书，极静极静的书，并不是热热闹闹的书。它是一本寂寞的书，一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书。如果你的心没有安静下来，恐怕你很难进入到这本书里去。我要告诉你的是，在你的心静下来以后，你就会思考一些什么。在你思考一些什么问题时，你才有可能和这位享利戴维梭罗先生一起，思考一下自己，更思考一下更高的原则。”徐迟,6,-,WaldenisnotonlyagoodprosewhichcentersonthedescriptionofthelandscapeoftheWaldenPond,butalsoagreatphilosophyworkthatisfullofeducationalmeanings,7,-,Waldencontains18chaptersEconomy(经济篇）ComplementaryVerses（补充诗节）WhereILived,andWhatILivedFor（我的生活所在；我的生活追求）Reading（阅读）Sounds（声音)Solitude(隐居）Visitors（访客）TheBean-Field（豆田）TheVillage（镇子）,8,-,ThePonds（湖）BakerFarm（贝克田庄）HigherLaws（更高的法则）BruteNeighbors（禽兽为邻）House-Warming（室内取暖）FormerInhabitants;andWinterVisitors（昔日的居民和冬天的访客）WinterAnimals（冬天的禽兽）ThePondinWinter（冬天的湖）Spring（春天）,9,-,Synopsis(contents),EconomyThisisthefirstchapterandalsothelongestbyfar.Thoreaubeginsbyoutlininghisproject:atwo-yearandtwo-monthstayatacrudecabininthewoodsnearWaldenPond.Hedoesthis,hesays,inordertoillustratethespiritualbenefitsofasimplifiedlifestyle.Heeasilysuppliesthefournecessitiesoflife(food,shelter,clothing,andfuel).Hemeticulouslyrecordshisexpendituresandearnings,demonstratinghisunderstandingofeconomy,ashebuildshishouseandbuysandgrowsfood.Forahomeandfreedom,hespendsamere$28.13.ComplementaryVersesThischapterconsistsentirelyofapoem,ThePretensionsofPoverty,byseventeenth-centuryEnglishpoetThomasCarew.Thepoemcriticizesthosewhothinkthattheirpovertygivesthemunearnedmoralandintellectualsuperiority.,10,-,Synopsis(contents),WhereILived,andWhatILivedForAfterplayingwiththeideaofbuyingafarm,Thoreaudescribeshiscabinslocation.ThenheexplainsthathetookuphisabodeatWaldenWoodssoastolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.ReadingThoreauprovidesdiscourseonthebenefitsofreadingclassicalliterature(preferablyintheoriginalGreekorLatin)andbemoansthelackofsophisticationinConcord,manifestedinthepopularityofpopularliterature.HeyearnsforautopiantimewheneachNewEnglandvillagewillsupportwisementoeducateandtherebyennoblethepopulation.,11,-,Synopsis(contents),VisitorsThoreauwritesaboutthevisitorstohiscabin.Amongthe25or30visitorsisayoungFrench-Canadianwoodchopper,AlecTherien,whomThoreauidealizesasapproachingtheidealman,andarunawayslave,whomThoreauhelpsonhisjourneytofreedominCanada.TheBean-FieldThoreaurelateshiseffortstocultivatetwoandahalfacresofbeans.HeplantsinJuneandspendshissummermorningsweedingthefieldwithahoe.Hesellsmostofthecrop,andhissmallprofitof$8.71covershisneeds.TheVillageThoreauvisitsthesmalltownofConcordeverydayortwotoheartheInlatesummer,heisarrestedforrefusingtopayfederaltaxes,butisreleasedthenextday.Heexplainsthatherefusestopaytaxestoagovernmentthatsupportsslavery.,12,-,Synopsis(contents),BakerFarmWhileonanafternoonrambleinthewoods,Thoreaugetscaughtinarainstormandtakesshelterinthedirty,dismalhutofJohnField,apennilessbuthard-workingIrishfarmhand,andhiswifeandchildren.ThoreauurgesFieldtoliveasimplebutindependentandfulfillinglifeinthewoods,therebyfreeinghimselfofemployersandcreditors.ButtheIrishmanwontgiveuphisdreamsofluxury,whichistheAmericandream.HigherLawsThoreaudiscusseswhetherhuntingwildanimalsandeatingmeatisgood.Heconcludesthattheprimitive,animalsideofhumansdrivesthemtokillandeatanimals,andthatapersonwhotranscendsthispropensityissuperiortothosewhodont.(Thoreaueatsfish.)Inadditiontovegetarianism,helaudschastity,work,andteetotalism.,13,-,Synopsis(contents),FormerInhabitants;andWinterVisitorsThoreaurelatesthestoriesofpeoplewhoformerlylivedinthevicinityofWaldenPond.Thenhetalksaboutthefewvisitorshereceivesduringthewinter:afarmer,awoodchopper,andapoet(ElleryChanning).WinterAnimalsThoreauamuseshimselfbywatchingwildlifeduringthewinter.Herelateshisobservationsofowls,hares,redsquirrels,mice,andvariousbirdsastheyhunt,sing,andeatthescrapsandcornheputoutforthem.Healsodescribesafoxhuntthatpassesby.,14,-,Synopsis(contents),SpringAsspringarrives,Waldenandtheotherpondsmeltwithstentorianthunderingandrumbling.Thoreauenjoyswatchingthethaw,andgrowsecstaticashewitnessesthegreenrebirthofnature.Hewatchesthegeesewingingtheirwaynorth,andahawkplayingbyitselfinthesky.Asnatureisreborn,thenarratorimplies,soishe.HedepartsWaldenonSeptember8,1847.ConclusionThisfinalchapterismorepassionateandurgentthanitspredecessors.Init,hecriticizesconformity:Ifamandoesnotkeeppacewithhiscompanions,perhapsitisbecausehehearsadifferentdrummer.Lethimsteptothemusicwhichhehears,howevermeasuredorfaraway.Bydoingthesethings,menmayfindhappinessandself-fulfillment.,15,-,IleftthewoodsforasgoodareasonasIwentthere.PerhapsitseemedtomethatIhadseveralmorelivestolive,andcouldnotspareanymoretimeforthatone.Itisremarkablehoweasily