非谓语动词和从句的转换PPT课件

-,1,非谓语动词与从句间的转换,非谓语动词与从句间的转换,-,2,在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。,一、什么叫做非谓语动词,-,3,二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：,不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）动名词（doing）,-,4,三、非谓语使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.,-,5,四、非谓语动词充当的成分,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,+,-,6,分词作状语(分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间、条件、原因),Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescould,Notknowinghistelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.,Asshedidntknowhistelephonenumber,shehadsome,-,7,Whilewaitingatthedentists,Ireadthewholeofashortstory.(=WhileIwaswaiting)Beforebeinginthearmy,hewasanengineer.(=Beforehewasinthearmy,)_(finish)mywork,Iwenttobed.(=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard,),Havingfinished,-,8,Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldntaffordtosendtheboytohospital.(=Asweweresopoor)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhim.(=Thoughthestoneweighedalmostonehundredjin,),-,9,1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中)3.条件状语：可加连词if,unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。(多置于句首)4.让步状语：有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whetheror等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首)5.结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（多置于句末）6.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句末),A.现在分词与过去分词作状语,-,10,Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.,Hearing,Whenthebabysawitsmother,itsmiled.,Seeing,Astheyhopedtogetoursupport,theysentustheirstatement.,Hoping,Thesnowlastedaweek,soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.,resulting,Whenhearing,Whileheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.,Working,Whileworking,Whenseeing,-,11,Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacherswords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Hewaswarnedofthedanger,buthestillwentskatingontheice.,Seen,Greatlytouched,Given,spoken,Warned,he,Ifgiven,Whenseen,-,12,但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语产生联系;常见的有:judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,comparedto/with,considering,providing(ed),supposingetc.Generallyspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.Consideringthedistance,hearrivedveryquickly.Takingeverythingintoconsideration,youshouldleave.,一般说来，女人比男人活得长。,从你的话看，他应当能成功。,考虑路程，他到达得很快。,考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。,-,13,B.不定式作状语,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。,Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.,Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.,-,14,注：表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo结构，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。,Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.,=soasnottolosehisjob.,-,15,非谓语动词和从句的转换,-,16,I.v-ing形式与从句之间的转换,1.v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句,TomsknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench.,ThatTomknowsEnglishhelpshiminlearningEnglish.,Herbeingoutofworkwasunexpected.,Thatshewasoutofworkwasunexpected.,-,17,2.v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句,Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork.,IrememberthatIhavepaidhimforhiswork.,Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary.,Hesuggeststhatwe(should)makebetteruseoftheschoollibrary.,-,18,3.v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句,Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim.,Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim.,Thequestionismanypeoplesbeingtrappedinthefire.,Thequestionisthatmanypeoplearetrappedinthefire.,-,19,4.v-ing形式作定语可换成that,who,which引导的定语从句,Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth.,Wewillstudyinthehousethat/whichfacessouth.,Themantalkingtomyteacherismyfather.,Themanwho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismyfather.,-,20,5.v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句,Onarrivingthere,Iwilltelephoneyou.,AssoonasIarrivethere,Iwilltelephoneyou.,Whilewaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.,WhileIwaswaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.,我一到那，就给你打电话,我等车的时候，看到了她。（catchsightof）,-,21,另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。,Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.,Hedied,and(he)lefthisdaughtermuchmoney.,Hedied,withleavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.,他死了，留给他女儿很多钱。,-,22,II.V-ed形式与从句之间的转换,1.v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句,Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.,Thequestionthat/whichwasdiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.,Theboylostinthoughtismybrother.,Theboywhoislostinthoughtismybrother.,-,23,2.v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句,Ifoundtheroombrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.,Ifound(that)theroomhadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingshadbeenstolen.,-,24,3.v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句,(If)heated,waterwillturnintosteam.,Ifitisheated,waterwillturnintosteam.,Dontspeakuntilspokento.,Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.,-,25,III.todo形式与从句的转换,1.todo形式作主语可转换成主语从句,Whenandwhere(forus)toholdthemeetingisunknownyet.,Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknownyet.,-,26,2.todo形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句,Idontknowwhattodowiththematter.,IdontknowthatIshoulddowiththematter.,Iwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdrinking.,Iwarnedthatheshouldnotdrivethecarafterdrinking.,-,27,3.todo形式作表语可换成表语从句,Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation.,MywishisthatIcanbecomeapilotaftergraduation.,-,28,4.todo形式作定语可换成定语从句,Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.,Themeetingthat/whichwillbeheldisofgreatimportance.,Hewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.,Hewasthefirstthatarrivedandt