初中英语语法现在完成时精讲PPT.ppt

现在完成时,thePresentPerfectTense,现在完成时,助动词have(has)+过去分词done,二、现在完成时用法,过影响现,过持续到现在,两“去”,Icantfindmypen.Ihavelostit.,Haveyoufinishedityet?,Hehasworkedhereforayear.,Ihavebeeninthisschoolsince1999.,HehasbeentoChinatwice.,Heisnthere.Hehasgonetothelibrary.,2020/5/2,4,现在完成时(态),1,2,1,2,1,2,三、现在完成时时间标志词,have/has+V过分1.持续2.影响时间标志词：,already,never,ever,just,since+时间点,for+时间段,yet,past,now,Yesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.,Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI_,myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.,haveseenitbefore,havedoneit.,“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaventreadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,already:,Yet:,“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?,“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.,ever,never,“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?,“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.,just,before,“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。,Shebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years.,now,past,IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.,IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I_forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.,haveworked,havestayed,sinceandfor,Thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago),since2yearsago,since1998,sinceshecametotheschool),for+时间段,since+时间点,for2years/alongtime,一、用for和since填空。,_threehours_threeoclock_twodays_yesterdayafternoon_Icamehere_lastSunday,_aweek_alongtime_1997_twoweeks_threeyearsago_lastmonth,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,1.Theyveknowneachothersince_.A.1995B.threeyears2.IvebeeninterestedinChinesefor_.A.lastyearB.oneyear3.Shehasbeenadoctorfor_.A.twoyearsB.twoyearsago4.Ivehadaheadachesince_.A.IgotupthismorningB.fivehours5.Wevebeenherefor_.A.onehourB.oneoclock,A,A,B,A,B,6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor_.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.Theyvebeeninlovesince_.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.-Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?-Since_.A.lastnightB.twodays10.-Howlonghassheworkedhere?-Shehasworkedherefor_.A.1993B.sixyears,A,A,B,A,B,Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.ShesaysWouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?Yousay:No,thankyou._(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersaysCanIspeaktoJoe?Yousay:Imafraid_.(goout),hehasjustgoneout,Ivejusthadlunch.,3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.LateryourfriendsaysShallIphonetoreserveatable?Yousay:No,_it(do),Ihaventfinishedityet.,Ihavealreadydone,1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehasjusthadit.(含义是:简现在不饿了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地),2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。Ihaventseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.,3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaventseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet？,4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.,5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.,6.现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(现在不再学俄语)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.(同第2点用法第一个例句),现在完成时的“完成”和“未完成”用法,7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.,have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别,1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。),2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。),非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.()但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.,这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebeborrowkeepbuyhavebegin(start)beonopenbeopendiebedeadleave-beawaycome-behere/ingooutbeoutjoin-beamember/beinbegintostudy-study,注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：Ihaventboughtanythingfortwodays.,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律,AAA:putputputletletletABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eatateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含规则动词),1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged),ABB(含规则动词),ABC,ABC,有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied),比较现在完成时和过去时的区别：*现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解这部电影的内容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）,总结现在完成时：1、构成：have/has+过去分词。2、概念：(1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already,just,yet,ever,never,before(2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。如：for3yearsb.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。如：since1997,sincetwoyearsago,sincelastweek,Exercise1,1.Tomisnthere,he_(leave).2.IhavelivedinAnyang_10years.3.IhavelivedinAnyang_2001.4.IhavelivedinAnyang_10yearsago.5.Tom_toBeijingtwice,soheknowsBJverywell.6.Tom_toBeijing,heisntathome.,Jimwithhisparents_abroad.They_backintwoweeks.A.havegone；willcomeB.hasgone；willcomeC.havebeento；havecomeD.hasbeen；come2.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.When_you_it?A.have;finishedB.do;finishC.did;finishD.will;finish3.I_mymobilephonesincefiveyearsago.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.hadboughtD.havehad,4.-HaveyouseenBill?-Yes,hetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.hasbeen,中考真题,5.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade6.MayIspeaktoJohn?Sorry,heJapan.Butheintwodays.A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willbebackC.hasbeenin,wouldcomebackD.hasgoneto,wontcomeback,中考真题,7.Lucy,_you_yourticket?Notyet.A.did,findB.have,foundC.has,foundD.do,find,中考真题,8.Ithisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept,中考真题,9.It_tenyearssincewelast_inBeijing.A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet,10._youever_toHangzhou?Yes,onlyonce.I_therewithmyfather.A.Have,gone,wentB.Have,gone,willgoC.Have,been,wentD.Have,been,willgo,我猜三道,中考真题,四、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换,1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,walk,keep,have,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。Eg:Ihaveborrowedthisbookfor5days.Ithisbook5daysago.,kept,borrowed,2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5oclock;eg:Hedied5yearsago.思考Hehasdiedfor5years.正确吗？如果和时间段连用，需转换成延续性动词。,beendead,常见的转换,leave-beaway,borrow-keep,buy-have,begin/start-beon,die-bedead,finish-beover,join-bein+组织机构,beamemberof+组织机构,opensth-keepsthopen,getup-beup,catchacold-haveacold,comehere-behere,gothere-bethere,become-be,comeback-beback,fallasleep-beasleep,fallill-beill,gooutbeout，putonwear；,getto/arrive/reach-be(in),leave-beawayfrom,gettoknow-know,牛刀小试：eg:Theoldmandied4yearsago.-Theoldmanfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.-HethePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.-Ithebookfor5days.,hasbeendead,hasbeenin,havehad,Exercise2,1.I_theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin2.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened,3.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome4.Themeeting_foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover,5.MissGao_thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught6.I_homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned,7.He_thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad8.-Howlong_you_ill?-Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been9.Thebus_ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen,中考复习系列一般过去时dBwere,wouldntCam,wontDwere,wont,C,C,D,C,D,()6、IfI_tenyearsyounger,I_veryhappy.A.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe()7、-Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.-Heisnotathome.Ifhe_,I_.Ais,wouldB.is,willC.were,wouldD.were,will()8、Ifshe_aman,shewouldrunforpresident.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()9、Whatwouldyoudoifyouwon_dollars?AtwomillionsBmillionofC.twomillionD.twomillionof()10、Ifyouweremorefriendlytopeople,youwould_friends.A.tohavemoreB.havemoreC.haslessD.tohasless,C,B,C,A,D,Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1、Tomhasgotupforhalfanhour.2、LiuMeihasjoinedtheLeagueforthreeyears.3、Thetrainhasreachedthestationsince10minutesago.4、Thelitt