2011年注册会计师综合阶段吕鹏英语讲义

2011年注册会计师考试辅导 综合阶段 UNIT 4Auditing Part IPart IGlossary （Key Words）审计常用50字汇1.Letter of Engagement审计业务约定书2.Assurance engagement and external audit鉴证业务和外部审计3.Audit approach审计方法论4.Staffing人员安排5.Deadline截止日期6.Group Audit集团审计7.Materiality重要性8.Fraud舞弊；欺诈9.Professional skepticism职业怀疑10.Going concern永续经营11.Tolerable Error可容忍错误12.True and fair presentation真实公允披露13.Reasonable assurance合理保证14.Appointment, removal and resignation of auditors注册会计师的聘用、解聘和辞职15.Types of opinion: unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion审计意见类型：无保留意见，保留意见，否定意见，无法表示意见16.Due care合理关注17.Independence独立18.Integrity诚信19.Audit risk = inherent risk x control risk x detection risk审计风险=固有风险x控制风险x检查风险20.Assessing the risks of material misstatement and fraud估计重大错报或舞弊的风险21.Analytical procedure分析性复核程序22.Audit documentation: working paper审计记录：工作底稿23.Rely on the work of experts依靠专家工作24.Internal audit内部审计25.Evaluation of internal control内部控制评估26.Test of control控制测试test of design, test of operation27.Substantive procedure （time, nature, extent）实质性测试程序（时间、性质和程度）28.Transaction cycle交易循环29.Audit evidence审计证据30.Population（样本选取的）总体31.Assertion认定32.Classification分类33.Completeness完整性34.Occurrence发生35.Existence存在36.Measurement计量37.Presentation列示38.Disclosure披露39.Accuracy精确，精准40.Rights权利41.Valuation估值42.Obligation义务43.Positive/negative confirmation积极/消极函证44.Counting盘点45.Cut-off截止测试46.Subsequent events随后事项47.Quality control质量控制48.Management representation管理层声明49.Emphasis of matter paragraph强调事项段50.Corporate governance公司治理机制Part IIAudit Report图4-1Material：重大的；重要的Pervasive：普遍的，到处渗透的Mislead：误导As a whole：作为一个整体Qualified opinion：有保留意见Except for：除了Disclaimer of opinion：拒绝发表意见In accordance with：和一致Departure：偏离True and fair：真实和公允Fundamental：基础的，Explanatory paragraph：解释事项段Unqualified opinion：无保留意见Adverse opinion：否定意见Part IIISubsequent EventsAuditors should consider the effect of subsequent events （after the balance sheet date） on the accounts.Subsequent events include:Events occurring between the period end and the date of the auditors reportFacts discovered after the date of the auditors report;Subsequent event：随后事项Balance sheet date：资产负债表日Audit report：审计报告Question：4 （a） ISA560 Subsequent Events explain the audit work required in connection with subsequent events.Required:List the audit procedures that can be used prior to the auditors report being signed to identify events that may require adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.Solution:Audit procedures to be used prior to the audit report being signed include:Reviewing procedures established by management to try and ensure that subsequent events are identified. Reading minutes of the meetings of directors, the audit committee and shareholders and enquiring into unusual items. Obtaining and reading the companys latest interim accounts as well as any budgets and cash flow forecasts. Obtaining additional evidence, if possible, from the companys lawyers concerning litigation and claims. Asking management as to whether any subsequent events have occurred such as:New borrowing commitmentsSignificant sales of assetsNew shares or debentures issuedAssets being destroyed by flood, fire etc or impounded by the governmentUnusual accounting adjustments made or being contemplated Checking whether any events have occurred that could call into question the validity of the going concern assumption.In connection with：与相关Prior to：在之前Disclosure：披露Review：复核Minute：会议记录Audit committee：审计委员会Enquire into：询问Interim accounts：中期账务Budget：预算Litigation：诉讼，起诉Commitment：承诺；保证Destroy：破坏Impound：没收Contemplate：沉思，注视，思忖，预期Call into question：对表示怀疑Part IVGoing ConcernQuestion:（a）Describe external auditors responsibilities and the work that the auditor should perform in relation to the going concern status of companies.（b）Describe the possible audit reports that can be issued where the going concern status of a company is called into question; your answer should describe the circumstances in which they can be issued.Solution:（a）External auditor responsibilities going concernISA 570 Going Concern deals with this issue.1.Auditors are required to consider the going concern status of companies and any disclosures regarding going concern in forming their audit opinion.Companies that are listed on stock exchanges may be required to make additional disclosures in relation to going concern issues.Status：地位，状态Regarding：关于List：上市Stock exchange：证券交易所2.Auditors are required to assess the adequacy of the means （the process） by which directors have satisfied themselves that the going concern basis is appropriate and that adequate disclosures that been made.Auditors conduct an initial analysis at the planning stage of the audit as well as assessments at later stages.Adequacy：充分；充足Means：手段，方式Satisfy：使满意Conduct：开展，进行Initial：最初的，初始的As well as；也，和一样3.Auditors should make enquiries of the directors and examine appropriate documentation supporting the companys going concern status such as budgets and cash flow forecasts.Make enquiry of：询问：Documentation：文件材料4.Auditors consider whether the period to which directors have paid particular attention is adequate.This should normally be at least 12 months from the balance sheet date.Auditors also enquire of management as to their knowledge of events or conditions beyond this period that may cast significant doubt on the entitys ability to continue as a going concern.Whether：是否Pay attention to：注意At least：至少Enquire of sbdy.：询问某人As to：关于Cast doubt on：对产生怀疑5.Auditors need to consider the appropriateness of assumptions which directors have made, the sensitivity of assumptions to external and internal changes, any obligations, guarantees or undertakings arranged with other entities, the existence and adequacy of borrowing facilities and the directors plans to deal with any going concern problems.6.Auditors are required to document the extent of any concerns, taking account of matters that have come to their attention during the course of the audit and in particular, financial, operational, or other indicators of going concern problems that are present.Document：用文件（或文献、证书、证件等）证明，用参考资料证明（或证实）；提供文献（或文件、证据等）Concern：关系；关心；关心的事情Take account of：考虑到；顾及7.Indicators of going concern issues would include trading losses, impairment of assets, net liabilities, defaults on loans, liquidity problems, an inability to refinance loans where necessary, fundamental changes in the markets or technology having an adverse effect on the company, loss of management, staff, customers or suppliers, or major litigation, for example.Indicator：迹象Impairment of assets：资产减值Trade loss：交易损失Default of loan：贷款违约Refinance：再融资Have an effect on：对影响8.Auditors should consider the need to obtain written management representations.Management representation：管理层声明9.Auditors should consider the adequacy of any disclosures in the financial statements.（b） Possible audit reports and circumstances1.Where the auditors consider that there is a significant level of concern about the entitys ability to continue as a going concern （but do not disagree with the going concern basis）, and where adequate disclosures of the situation are made, they modify （but do not qualify） their opinion but including an emphasis of matter paragraph highlighting the existence of a material uncertainty as to the going concern status of the entity and drawing attention to the relevant note in the financial statements.Where adequate disclosures are not made, a qualified or adverse