电动汽车充电站建设与应用201001221.ppt

北京交通大学BeijingJiaotongUniversity电气工程学院SchoolofElectricalEngineering,1,电动汽车充电站建设与应用ConstructionandApplicationofElectricVehicleChargingStation,主要内容Main,2020/5/3,2,1.充电站建设现状SituationofChargingStationConstruction,2.充电站建设关键技术KeytechnologiesofChargingStationConstruction,3.项目启动情况InitiationofProjects,2009、2010,121路公交线14辆车，28台充电机121busline,14EVs,28chargers密云开发区10余辆车，10台充电机MiyunIndustrialDevelopmentZone,over10EVs,10chargers,2008,2004,奥运会充电站世界最大55辆纯电动大巴，多项创新技术ChargingStationforOlympicGames55EVbuses,thelargestscaleintheworld,Severalinnovativetechnologies,四惠大型永久纯电动公交车充电站large-scalepermanentEVchargingstationinSihui航天桥、白云观纯电动环卫车充电站EVsanitationchargingstationinHangtianQiao、BaiyunGuan,宏图future,跨越develop,起步Start,北京市Beijing,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,北京市科委示范充电站多种电能补给模式，国内首个包含光伏、储能的微网系统DemonstrationchargingstationofBeijingMunicipalScienceandTechnology,Variousenergysupplymode,TheFirstmicro-gridsystemwithphotovoltaicandenergystorageinChina.,北京121路电动公交客车充电站BeijingBus121ChargingStation,28台30kW,4,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,北京奥运大巴充电站EVBusChargingStationforOlympicGames,240台79kW,5,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,北京纯电动乘用车示范充电站BeijingDemonstrationChargingStationofPureElectricPassengerVehicles,多种供电方式Variousmodeofpowersupply25kWp光伏发电系统25kWpphotovoltaicpowergenerationsystem50kWh储能系统50kWhenergystoragesystem多种电能补给模式Variousmodeofcharging慢充Slowcharging快充Fastcharging,6,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,北京纯电动乘用车示范充电站BeijingDemonstrationChargingStationofPureElectricPassengerVehicles,7,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,8,上海市Shanghai,2020/5/3,以奥运会充电站为模板followtheOlympicGamesasatemplate车辆更多（120辆）规模更大moreVehicles(120)largerscale多项关键技术升级Manyupgradedkeytechnology运营管理方式升级upgradedOperationsmanagement,世博会充电站ChargingStationforExpo,电力公司投资建设、面向不同用户需求TheinvestmentofthepowercompaniesFordifferentuserneeds超前设计理念Advanceddesignconcepts无人值守全天候运行UninterruptedandUnattendedrunning先进计量、计费管理方式Advancedmeteringandbillingmanagement,上海市漕溪充电站ShanghaiCaoxiChargingStation,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,上海电力公司漕溪充电站ChargingStationofShanghaiMunicipalElectricPowerCompanyinCaoxi,9,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,上海世博会充电站ShanghaiChargingStationforExpo,上海世博会充电站,10,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,天津充电站TianjinChargingStation,11,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,河南鄢陵花木园充电站YanlingHuamuyuanChargingStationsinHenan,12,2020/5/3,国内充电站现状SituationofChargingStation,13,工作成果Achievements,工作成果Achievements,2020/5/3,14,工作成果Achievements,工作成果Achievements,2020/5/3,主要内容Main,2020/5/3,15,1.充电站建设现状SituationofChargingStationConstruction,2.充电站建设关键技术KeytechnologiesofChargingStationConstruction,3.项目启动情况InitiationofProjects,关键技术KeyTechnologies,16,2020/5/3,充电站建设关键技术KeyTechnologiesofChargingStationConstruction,深入研究工作FurtherResearch,动力电池能源补给模式研究Studyofenergysupplymodeofdynamicbattery能源补给方式适用性TheApplicabilityoftheEnergySupplyMode电池快速充电技术FastChargeTechnologyofDynamicBattery动力电池更换策略ReplacementTacticsofDynamicBattery淘汰电池筛选方法和筛选系统研究Researchonmethodandselectionoffadedbatteryselection电池的梯级利用CascadeUtilizationoftheBattery锂离子动力电池筛选方法和设备MethodsandEquipmentofLithium-ionBatteryselection充电站及车辆的综合监控与运营调度体系研究ResearchonsystemofintegratedmonitoringofChargingstationandvehicle,andschedulingandoperation充电站及车辆综合监控与运营调度系统拓扑结构SystemTopology控制策略、测试平台ControlStrategies,TestPlatform通信规约CommunicationProtocol,深入研究FurtherResearch,2020/5/3,17,动力电池能源补给模式研究Studyofenergysupplymodeofdynamicbattery,2020/5/3,18,主要能源补给方式：电池更换、车载充电、地面常规充电、地面快速充电；Primaryenergysupplymode：Batteryexchange,on-boardcharger,groundnormalcharging,fastcharging；纯电动公交大巴和大、中型纯电动环卫车：由于其特殊的定点定线运行、大密度发车、电池容量大等特点，电池更换是比较适合的能源补给模式。但是这种类型的充电站占地面积大，对电网容量要求高，设备投资大；EVbuses,largeandmedium-sizedelectricsanitationvehicles：Becauseofitsuniquecharacteristicsoffixedpointandfixed-lineoperation,bigdensityofstartingout,largebatteriescapacity,etc.thebatteryexchangeisamoreappropriatemodeofenergysupply.Butthiskindofchargingstationcoversalargearea,requiresahighgridcapacityandalargeinvestmentinequipment；,深入研究FurtherResearch,动力电池能源补给模式研究Studyofenergysupplymodeofdynamicbattery,2020/5/3,19,纯电动乘用车和小型纯电动环卫车：充电方法目前还没有形成体系，如果采用分散式的整车充电方式，占地少，对电网增容压力不大；由于节省了更换设备和备用电池，设备投资也能大幅度降低。由于现有的充电技术尚未解决快速充电问题，致使充电时间较长。Electricpassengervehiclesandsmallelectricsanitationvehicles：Asthechargingmethodhasnotyetbeensystemized,ifdecentralizedvehiclechargingmethodisadopted,itcoverslessareaandposeslesspressureonthegrid;duetosavedexchangeequipmentandsparebatteries,equipmentinvestmentcanbesignificantlyreduced.Astheexistingchargingtechnologyissuesyettoberesolvedoffastcharging,chargingtime。,深入研究FurtherResearch,电池梯级利用与筛选Cascadeutilizationandselectionofthebattery,2020/5/3,20,电池的回收和再利用：锂离子电池容量衰减到80%后，就不能在电动汽车中使用；Batteryrecyclingandreuse:Lithium-ionbatterycannotbeusedinEVwhenitscapacityfadedto80%；电池再利用价值：通过电池的梯级利用，将电池应用到其他类领域，至少降低车用动力电池购置成本20%；Batteryreusevalue:throughcascadeuseofthebattery,batterycanbeappliedtootherfields,thustheacquisitioncostofbatteryofEVcouldbereduced20%atleast；,深入研究FurtherResearch,电池梯级利用与筛选Cascadeutilizationandselectionofthebattery,2020/5/3,21,储能应用：通过电池的大规模储能应用，可以对电网进行削峰填谷，降低充电站负荷的波动，减少对电网的影响；EnergyStorageApplications:throughlarge-scaleenergystorageapplicationsofbattery,thepeakandvalleyloadofthegridcouldbeshifted;thiscouldreducethefluctuationsoftheloadandtheimpactonthepowergrid；电池筛选：通过梯级利用电池的容量衰减规律对淘汰电池进行合理筛选，将参数处于同一水平的电池进行合理配组，能够有效的提高车辆淘汰电池容量利用率，延长车辆淘汰电池的继续使用寿命。Batteryselection:usingthecascadedecaylawofthebatterycapacitytoselectbattery,andgroupingbatterywithparametersofthesamelevel,couldeffectivelyimprovethecapacityutilizationofthefadedbattery,andtoextendthelifeoffadedbattery。,深入研究FurtherResearch,充电站及车辆的综合监控与运营调度体系研究,2020/5/3,22,深入研究FurtherResearch,ResearchonsystemofintegratedmonitoringofChargingstationandvehicle,andschedulingandoperation,智能电网SmartGrid,发展趋势developmenttrend,2020/5/3,23,按照国家新能源汽车产业发展规划，预计2020年，仅上海市的电动汽车市场规模就可达到约35万辆，必将成为不可忽视的分布式储能单元。Accordingtodevelopingplanofthenationalnewenergyautomotiveindustry,electricvehiclemarketofShanghaiisexpectedtoreachabout35millionin2020,Itwouldbecomeadistributedenergystorageunitswhichcannotbeignored.,电动汽车作为分布式储能单元接入电网已成为“智能电网”的重要组成部分。Electricvehicleshavebecomeanimportantcomponentofsmartgridtoaccessgridasadistributedenergystorageunit.,德国、美国等发达国家已开展V2G（VehicletoGrid）相关技术研究。Germany,theUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountrieshaveundertakenstudiesrelatedtoV2G(VehicletoGrid)technology.,V2G概况V2GSituation,2020/5/3,24,V2G指电动车辆的能量在受控状态下实现与电网的双向交换V2Greferstoachieveofatwo-wayexchangebetweentheenergyofelectricvehiclesandthegridinacontrolledstate.,接入电网的电动汽车数量足够多，可以作为可移动的分布式储能装置，用于：IfthenumberofEVsaccesstothegridislargeenough,theycouldbedistributedasaremovablestoragedevice,for:,V2G对未来电动汽车商业模式将产生重大影响V2GwillhaveamajorimpactonthefuturebusinessmodelofEVs,V2G要实现商业化应用，最总依赖于电池技术的进步。（更长的循环寿命，更大的比能量）ThecommercialapplicationofV2Gdependsonthebatterytechnology.(Longercyclelife,greaterenergyratio),调峰Gridbalancingservices旋转备用Spinningreserves新能源介入newenergyaccess,发展趋势developmenttrend,2020/5/3,V2G概况V2GSituation,目前V2G相关研究与示范都在美国PresentresearchanddemonstrationofV2GisallintheU.S.,美国特立华大学UniversityofDelaware,美国特立华大学Kempton教授领导的团队，正在开展V2G试点研究InAmerica,theteamledbyProfessor,KemptonofUniversityofDelaware,arecarryingoutpilotstudiesofV2G；2007年10月，成功将一辆ACPropulsion“eBox”（ToyotaScion改装车）SuccessfullyrefittedaACPropulsion“eBox”inOct.2007；接入电网并接受调度命令connectedtogridandreceivedispatchingcommand车辆作为调峰发电设备theVehiclesbehavedasgridbalancingequipment,25,发展趋势developmenttrend,2020/5/3,V2G概况V2GSituation,PG分析充电站的供电方式与充电机的主电路结构的关系。Analysisoftherelationshipbetweenthepowersupplymodeofchargingstationandthemaincircuitstructureofcharger.,2020/5/3,31,目前进展ProjectSituation,2020/5/3,32,供电方式PowerSupplyMode,直流供电DCSupply,交流供电ACSupply,充电机结构chargerstructure,建立了一般高频充电机（不控整流桥的充电机）单台充电机仿真模型，并进行了验证；Establishedandverifiedsimulationmodelofasingleconventionalhigh-frequencycharger;建立了十二脉波整流充电机单台充电机仿真模型。Establishedsimulationmodelofasingle12-pulserectifiercharger.,2020/5/3,33,目前进展ProjectSituation,2020/5/3,34,充电机模型ChargerModel,单台充电机接入系统仿真模型Simulationmodelofasinglechargerconnectedtogrid,2020/5/3,35,不控整流充电机仿真模型SimulationModelofuncontrolledrectifiercharger,充电机模型ChargerModel,2020/5/3,36,十二脉波整流充电机单台充电机仿真模型SimulationModelofasingle12-pulserectifiercharger,充电机模型ChargerModel,充电站的优化设计方案OptimalDesignofChargingStation,建立了充电站直流供电方式中DC-DC斩波器的仿真模型，并搭建了实验电路，计算并初步验证了该部分的功率损耗及运行效率；EstablishedsimulationmodelofDC-DCchopperinDCpoweredchargingstation,builttheexperimentalcircuit,calculatedandvalidatedthepowerlossandefficiencyofthispart;建立了两种供电方式中DC-AC逆变电路的仿真模型，并搭建了试验样机，目前正在进行实验，以验证理论上对该部分通态损耗分析相关结果；EstablishedsimulationmodelofDC-ACinvertercircuitintwomodesofpowersupply,andbuiltanexperimentalprototype.Currentlyconductinganexperimenttovalidatetheresultoftheon-statelossanalysiscalculatedintheory;,2020/5/3,37,目前进展ProjectSituation,充电站的优化设计方案OptimalDesignofChargingStation,为实现蓄电池充电智能化，提高充电效率，研究了充电过程的智能管理，同时为防止各种过充或短路现象发生，在直流输入和蓄电池之间设计了智能充电控制器；Toachieveintelligentbatterycharging,improvechargeefficiency,studiedtheintelligentmanagementinthechargingpro