冬季鸡舍通风ppt课件

.,VENTILATINGPOULTRYHOUSESDURINGCOLDWEATHER冬季鸡舍通风YANTAIBernardGreen,.,WhyWeVentilate为什么要通风,Weventilateto:通风是为了:Createanairexchange空气交换Controlmoisturelevels(relativehumidity/RH)控制湿度Supplyoxygen提供氧气Removeharmfulgases(CO,CO,NH)排出有害气体Controltheheatload控制热量积聚Controlthebirdeffectivetemperature控制鸡群体感温度Combinationoftemperature,relativehumidity,airspeed,birdage温度、湿度、风速及鸡的年龄综合作用AlwaysventilatetoachieveandmaintainBIRDCOMFORT通风始终要达到并保持鸡群舒适,.,HowWeVentilate如何进行通风,Atorbelowsetpointtemperatureminimumventilation低于设定温度-最小通风Regardlessofoutsidetemperature,acertainamountoffreshairmustbebroughtintothehouse无论外界温度如何，鸡舍都要有一定的新鲜空气进入Maintainairquality保持空气质量Maintainfloor/housetemperature保持垫料及鸡舍温度Birdcomfortisachievedthroughmaintaininggoodtemperaturecontrol保持鸡舍温度稳定使鸡群舒适Noairmovementatbirdlevel鸡群高度位置没有风速Fansoperateonacycletimer风机通过循环定时钟控制,.,HowWeVentilate如何进行通风,Abovesetpointtemperaturetransitionandtunnelventilation高于设定温度-过渡通风和纵向通风Fansruncontinuously风机持续运转Higherrateofventilation通风量较大Removebirdheatfromthehouse排出鸡群产生的热量TunnelVentilation-coolthebirdswithairmovement(windchill)纵向通风通过空气流动降低鸡群温度Padcoolingassiststunnelventilationbycoolingtheair湿帘冷却-通过冷却空气提高纵向通风效果Birdcomfortispriority!鸡群舒适最重要！,.,WhenDoWeUseMinVent?什么时候采用最小通风,Itcanbeusedsummerandwinter可以在夏季及冬季使用Itisusedanytimetheactualhousetemperatureisbelowtherequiredsetpointtemperatureforthebirds鸡舍温度低于理想的设定温度时就可以使用Itisusedwhentryingtomaintaintemperature,butstillputtingtheleastamountoffreshairpossibletomaintaingoodairquality为了保持温度但是还需要一定的新鲜空气进入鸡舍一保持空气质量Whenthehousetemperaturegoesabovetherequiredsetpointtemperature,thenitisnolongerinminimumventilationmode当鸡舍的温度超过设定的要求温度时，就不再进行最小通风,SetPointTemperature设定温度,MinimumVentilation最小通风,TransitionandTunnelVentilation过渡及纵向通风,.,BirdRequirements鸡只需求,Warmfloorduringbrooding育雏时温暖的地面Goodtemperaturecontrol良好的温度控制Goodairquality(oxygen)良好的空气质量Notemperaturefluctuations温度没有波动Nodrafts没有贼风Noenvironmentalstresses没有环境应激Itdoesntmatterwhattypeofhousingyouhave!不管是什么类型的鸡舍Thesearethebirdrequirementsandsomehowyoumustprovidethem这是鸡的需求，你必须提供给它们Closedenvironmenthousesarebetterequippedtoprovidethis密闭鸡舍的良好设备能更好地提供这些要求,.,YourHouseTheStartingPoint鸡舍是基础,The“quality”ofthehousecanmakeorbreakanyventilationsystem鸡舍的“质量”可以运行或破坏任何通风系统的运行Regardlessofthetypeofventilationsystem,itisimportanttoSEALTHEHOUSE无论何种通风方式，密闭鸡舍非常重要Givesbettercontroloverwhatishappeninginside对于鸡舍内部情况能够更好的控制Reducestheeffectofoutsideconditions减少外界条件的影响Givesyoumorecontrolovertheincomingair更好地控制新鲜空气的进入Roofinsulationplaysakeyrole屋顶隔热性能起到关键的作用Agoodhouseis:好的鸡舍是：Wellsealed,airtight密闭良好，无漏风Wellinsulated隔热性能良好,.,MinimumHousePressureBasedonFanCapacityandHouseSize基于鸡舍大小及风机通风量的最小负压,.,ProblemsWithPoorlySealedHouses鸡舍密闭性能差造成的问题,Coldfloorsduetodrafts因贼风而造成较凉的地面Colddraftsontothechicks/birds冷的贼风吹到鸡体身上Moredifficulttomaintaintemperatureinwinter冬季保温更难Moredifficulttoventilateeffectivelyinwinter冬季难以进行有效通风Stress,stockingdensity,uniformity,health,poorstart应激，密度，均匀度，健康，开端差Colddraftsontotheheaterprobe冷的贼风吹到温度探头Heatlossthroughthecracksandopenings热量丢失Nomixingofcoldincomingairwithwarminsideair冷热空气不能很好混合Unabletoaccesstheheatinthepeakoftheroof没有利用到屋顶的热量Highheatingcosts,cantmaintaintemperature保温成本高，不能保持温度,.,PoorSealing密闭差,Alwayssealfromoutside始终从外侧进行密闭,.,.,ColdAirLeakageatCatchingDoor冷空气从门的漏缝处进入,.,Sealedvs.UnsealedSideWall密闭好和密闭差的鸡舍侧墙,.,ChickSpreadUninsulated,PoorSeal鸡群分布隔热差，密闭不好,.,ChickSpreadInsulated,Sealed鸡群分布-隔热性能好，密闭良好,.,HouseLeakage鸡舍漏风,.,CurtainLeakageonaWindyDay大风天时卷帘漏风,.,AirLeakageThroughaPoorlySealedCurtain卷帘密闭差时的鸡舍漏风,.,ManagingHousesThatAreNot“AirTight”漏风鸡舍的管理,SEALTHEHOUSE!密闭鸡舍！!Minimalcost,hugeimpact最低成本，巨大的影响Makesuretunnelinletscansealtight确保纵向进风口密闭Makesurecurtainsseal确保卷帘密闭Sealarounddoors密闭门窗Sealallunusedfans密闭不使用的风机Sealaroundinlets进风口四周密闭Sealalljointsintheroof屋顶结合处密闭Sealdrainageholes密闭下水孔Thiswillgiveyou(more)controlovertheincomingair这将会更好地控制进入鸡舍的新鲜空气,.,Heating加热,MakesurethereisMOREthanenoughheatingcapacity确保鸡舍足够的加热能力Moreoftenresultsinlowertotalconsumption能量消耗反而会少Ensuregood,evendistributionoftheheat确保加热量、设施分布均匀Becautiouswhenusingcirculation/stirfans使用循环风机或搅拌风扇时要小心Sometimestheycreatedraftsatbirdlevel有时会产生贼风Preheatthehouseforatleast2-3days鸡舍预热2-3天Makesurefloorsarewarmbeforechicksarrive(min30C)确保雏鸡到达时的地面温度（最低30C）,.,“QuickFix”MinimumVentilation“快速解决”最小通风,Fanjetsystem风机送风系统Aircannonsand“pressureinlets”areacosteffective“quickfix”forhouseswithoutminimumventilation通风管和负压进风口对于没有最小通风系统的鸡舍能以较低的成本有效地进行通风Aircannonsarenottheultimatesolution通风管不是最终方法Thevolumeofairtheysupplyistoosmall进风量太小Circulationfanscanhelptodistributeheat(buttheyareNOTasubstituteforminimumventilation)循环风机能有助于使热量分布均匀（但是也不能代替最小通风）,.,FanJet风机送风,.,FanJet风机送风,InletDamper进风口风门,.,FanJetSystem风机送风系统,.,FanJetSystem送风系统,Advantages:优点“Positivepressure”system正压通风系统Housedoesnothavetobeextremelywellsealed鸡舍不必密闭非常好Fanjetrunscontinuouslygoodmixingofairandheat送风风机连续运转空气和热量混合良好Incomingairdirectedupawayfrombirds进入的新鲜空气气流向上，远离鸡群高度HeatingsystemcanbelocatedatFJfordistribution加热系统可以置于送风系统内以使热量均匀分布Relativelycheapsystem相对经济的系统Disadvantages:缺点Maynotbeabletoprovideenoughminventforwholecycle(dependsonstockingdensity,weight)整个循环周期内也许不能提供足够的最小通风量（取决于饲养密度，体重）Tubeisbiosecurityriskmustbewellcleaned管道有生物安全的风险必须很好清洗,.,AirCannons通风管,.,PressureBalancedInlet压力调节进风口,.,AirCannons,PressureInlets通风管，负压进风口,Advantages:优点Quiteaneffectiveminimumventilationsystem比较有效的最小通风系统Fairlycosteffectivecheap“inlets”(90mmpipe)成本低进风口便宜Curtainsstayclosed卷帘一直关闭Mixesincomingairwithwarmhouseair新鲜空气和暖空气混合Disadvantages:缺点Systemworksonnegativepressure,so系统以负压方式工作Housemustbewellsealed,orelse鸡舍必须密闭良好Housemaygetcolderthanbefore,chicksmorestressed鸡舍温度可能比以前低，鸡群应激较大Donottakethisapproachunlesshousecanbewellsealed鸡舍密闭不好时不要采用这种方法Requiresventilationcontrollerorcycletimer需要通风控制系统或定时钟,.,BringinginColdAir冷空气进入鸡舍,NegativePressureVentilationClosedEnvironmentHouses负压通风，密闭式鸡舍,.,WhatisNegativePressure?什么是负压？,Whenafantriestoextractmoreairfromahousethanisallowedtoenterthehouse当风机需要排出的空气比进入的空气多时Whenthishappensairrushesinthroughinletstoreplacetheexhaustedair工作时，空气从进风口快速进入以替换排出去的空气Justbecauseafanisrunning,doesntmeanthereisanegativepressure仅有风机运转时，并不一定是负压,.,WhyIsItImportant?为什么很重要？,Withnegativepressure,airentersevenlythrougheveryinlet负压时，空气均匀地进入鸡舍Ifyourhouseleaks,italsocomesthroughalltheleaks!如果鸡舍漏风，空气也可从漏缝处进入Byspreadinginletsevenlycangetevenfreshairdistribution进风口分布均匀，空气进入也均匀Byrestrictinginletsize,canregulateincomingairspeed调节进风口大小，可以调节空气进入速度Controloverhowfartheairgoesintothehouse控制空气以何种方式进入鸡舍,.,Airshouldgotothemiddle(peak)oftheroof空气应该进入到鸡舍屋顶中间Higherincomingspeedallowsbettermixing风速快，混合更好Pressuredeterminestheincomingairspeed负压决定风速Highpressurehighairspeed负压高，风速快Lowpressurelowairspeed负压低，风速慢Thewiderthehousehigherthepressure鸡舍越宽，负压要求越大Byusingpressure,wecanputtheairwherewewantit利用负压，我们能够使空气以需要的方式进入鸡舍,WhyIsItImportant?为什么很重要？,.,AirMovementBasedonPressure不同负压情况下的空气流动,LowPressure负压低,Bithigher高一点,Higher又高一点,Justright刚好,.,NegativePressurevsHouseWidth负压和鸡舍宽度,Thefollowingisaroughguideforthenegativepressureatdifferenthousewidths不同宽度鸡舍的负压参考HouseWidth鸡舍宽度peratingPressure工作负压10m10Pa12m13Pa14m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote:Theaboveisonlyaguide.Actualoperatingpressuremayvarydependingonthetypeofinletandshapeandangleoftheceiling/roof,etc.,.,MinimumVentilationSystem最小通风系统,Crossventilationismostsuccessful横向通风最成功Fansandinletslocatedinthesidewalls风机/进风口置于侧墙上Hotairgathersinthepeakoftheroof热空气积聚在鸡舍屋顶Fansoperateonacycletimer风机以定时钟控制运转Pressurecontrolledsidewallinletsdirectcoldairtopeak负压控制侧墙进风口，调节冷空气到达鸡舍中间Cold,moistairmixesandpusheshot,dryairdown冷而湿的空气与暖空气混合，迫使暖而干的空气向下Distributesfresh,warmair新鲜而较暖的空气均匀分布Lowairmovementatbirdlevel(4cm)+(Pressure)正确的空气流动=（开启4厘米以上）+（负压）,.,TheMostCriticalPartOfYourMinimumVentilationSystem?最小通风系统最关键的部分？,Ifthetunnelinletdoesnotclosetight,yourminimumventilationsystemwillnotfunctionproperly如果纵向进风口不能密闭，最小通风就不能够很好地运行,.,Management/Stockmanship管理,Theaboveisnotworthmuchwithoutgoodmanagement如果没有很好的管理，上述这些就没有价值可言Managerislinkbetweenbirdsandventilationsystem管理人员是鸡群和通风系统的连接纽带Mustbeableto“read”birdbehaviourandothersigns必须懂得“阅读”鸡群的行为和其它表现Mustbeabletoadjustventtosatisfybirdrequirement必须能够只满足鸡群的需求进行通风ThereisNOventilationsystemthatdoesnotrequiremanagement没有一种通风系统是不需要管理的Trainingandeducationaboutnewequipmentandtechnologyisveryimportant!对于新设备和新技术的培训非常重要！,.,MinimumVentilationRate最小通风量,Theoretical/calculatedratesareonlyaguide!理论/计算的数值只能作参考Therightminimumrateiscriticalforbirdperformanceandtominimiseheatconsumption正确的最小通风量是鸡群生产性能和最小保温成本的关键Underventilationbirdperformanceiscompromised通风不足鸡群生产性能受影响Overventilationexcessiveheatconsumption,dryhouse,possibledraftsonbirds通风量过大加热成本高，鸡舍干燥，可能造成贼风Evaluateyourminimumventilationsettingeveryday每天评估最小通风量的设定Minimumventilationfansshouldoperateonacycletimer最小通风风机应该由定时钟控制,.,ExampleofMinimumVentilationRate最小通风量举例,.,ExampleCalculation计算举例,Assume:假设Birdweight=800g;10000birds体重=800克，10000只鸡Ventilation“factor”=0,594m/hr/kg通风系数=0,594m/hr/kgCalculation:计算Ventilation=10000 x0,594m/hr/bird=5940m/hrCycleTimerSetting:定时钟设定5minutecycle;1xfan20000m/hr(example)5分钟循环TimeON=(5940 x5)(1x20000)=1,6minutesTimeON=1min36secTimeOFF=3min24secNote:Thisisanexampleonhowtoperformthecalculation,anddoesnotnecessarilysuggestthatthe“VentilationFactor”usedaboveistheonlywaytocalculateminimumventilation,.,EvaluatingMinimumVentilation最小通风评估,Theonlywayisbyvisitingthehouse只有一种方式：进鸡舍Donepreferablyfirstthingeachmorning每天早上的第一件事Evaluateinthefirst30-60seconds:刚进入鸡舍30-60秒时评估Birdcomfort,spread,activity鸡群的舒适度，分布，活动“Stuffiness”“闷”Humiditylevel湿度Ammonia氨气Condensation/sweating(walls,drinkerpipes,steel)冷凝水“AIRQUALITY”“空气质量”Whatyoufeelinfirst30-60secondsiswhatthechickenlivedwithallnight进鸡舍后前30-60秒的感觉就是鸡群整晚所处的环境“Purging”thehouseinthemorningisunacceptable早晨大量通风不可取(Purgingrunningmanyfanstocleartheair),.,EvaluatingMinimumVentilation评估最小通风,Alwaysaskyourself:经常问自己