高三英语总复习ppt课件

.,高三英语总复习,语法部分：冠词,.,冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArticle）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArticle）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，the是定冠词。,冠词（Articles）,（一）.不定冠词的用法,1.用在可数名词前表示“一个”相当于“one”(类指)。Thereisabookonthedesk.Illreturninadayortwo.,2.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个”相当于“acertain”.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.,.,3.表示“一类”相当于“any”(泛指).Ahorseisausefulanimal.,4.表示“每一”相当于“per”.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theenvelopesareoneyuanandtwentyfenadozen.,5.用在某些固定词组中.abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime,.,6.用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a+抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.,7.与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!ASprite,please.Whatagoodsupper!HeboughtaToyota.Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!,8.“a”用在辅音开头前,“an”用在元音开头前.ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,aone-year-oldchild,anhour,anhonestboy,an800-metre-longbridge,Thereisan“s”intheword“smile”.(f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x),.,(二).定冠词的用法,1.表示文中再次提到的人或物.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.,2.表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).Lookattheblackboard.Openthedoor,please.,3.用在单数可数名词前表示泛指Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.,.,4.表示世界上独一无二的东西thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniversebut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory,5.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,thePhilippines,thePacificOcean,theChinaof1840,theParisoftheeast,thelateMr.Brown,6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver,.,7.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend,8.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded,9.在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable.,10.弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?,.,11.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.,12.年代前Inthe1870s/1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,13.在表示阶级、阶层的词前therulingclass,theworkingpeople,14.用在一些习惯用语中。如：inthemorning(afternoon,evening),bytheway,inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintellthetruth/ontheotherhand/onthewayhome,.,15.定冠词使用特殊的场合。Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.ontheheadtheelderofthetwo,themostbeautifulofthethreeThesooner,thebetter.Hegotpaidbythehour.bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/thepiece但：byweight按重量另外:绰号的表达法如下PetertheGreat,JohntheLion-hearted,WilliamtheConqueror,.,（三）不用冠词的情况(零冠词),1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China,America,John,Airisamatter.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.,But:HeistheMr.Zhengyouarelookingfor.HeisalivingLeiFeng.TheShanghaioftodayisquitedifferentfromwhatitwas.Longjingisafamoustea.aheavyrain,astrongwind,asoupItisapleasuretotalktohim.Hewantedtogivemeapleasantsurprise.,.,2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine.,3.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.,4.称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时Whatsthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA.,.,5.学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.,6.泛指复数名词前Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.Theyareworkers.,7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar(bus,train,water,air,land),8.某些固定词组中(1).名词词组husbandandwife,brotherandsister,dayandnight,knifeandfork,.,(2).介词词组to/at/fromschool,inclass,inprison,to/at/fromworkinfrontof/inthefrontofattable/atthetableoutofquestion/outofthequestioninchargeof/inthechargeofinpossessionof/inthepossessionofbysea/bythesea,9.as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.,.,10.系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.,11.在单数名词+after+同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake,12.形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh,itsmostbeautiful.(amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture),.,当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.,当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.,形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。Awolfinasheepsskinisourmostdangerousenemy.,.,序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heisatopstudentinourclass,forheoftengetsafirstinmaths.,13.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.,.,14.固定词组gotoschool(college,court,prison,work,church)beinschool.比较:Hewenttocollegelastyear.HewenttothecollegelastSunday.,.,Georgeis_Englishboy.Hishomeland“England”is_Europeancountry.A.a;aB.an;anC.an;aD.a;an_afaithfulanimal.A.DogisB.DogsareC.AdogisD.AndogisHehaddonetheexperimentseventimeswithoutsuccess,sohetried_eighthtime.A.aB.anC.theD./Hangzhouis_mostbeautifulcity.A.aB.anC.theD./_animalssleepunderthesnowinwinter.A.GreatmanyB.ManyaC.AgreatmanyD.Agreatdeal,C,A,B,C,C,练一练,.,Icameacrossmyfirstteacher_.A.onaSundayB.ontheSundayC.ontheSundayD.onSundaysLongjingis_wonderfulChinesetea.A.aB.anC.theD./_wholacksoneorbothparentsiscalledanorphan.A.AchildB.AnchildC.ThechildD.ChildWhereare_?A.apairofslipperB.apairofslippersC.slippersD.theslippers_ParkHotelisnolongerthehighestbuildinginShanghainow.A.AB.AnC.TheD./,C,D,A,A,A,.,Theteacherpattedtheboys_affectionately.A.ontheirheadB.ontheirheadsC.ontheheadD.ontheheadsWearenowlivingintheroomwhosewindowsface_.A.inthesouthB.insouthC.tothesouthD.tosouthHerhometownis_.A.nearMississippiB.neartheMississippiC.inMississippiD.intheMississippiAsweallknow,_sunrisesin_east.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;theIlikeplaying_football,whilemysisiterlikesplaying_piano.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the,D,A,B,C,C,.,Batssleepin_daytimeandcomeoutofhuntforfoodat_night.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;theWecelebrate_InternationasWomensDayon_8thofMarch.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;theMyhusbandusuallydoesnothavemuchfor_breakfast,buthehad_bigbreakfasttoday.A.the;theB./;/C./;aD.a;theMyunclelivesin_SeventhStreetin_London.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the_ismakingrapidprogressin_newChina.A.Thescience;theB.Science;/C.Thescience;/D.Science;the,B,C,C,D,C,.,BillClintonwaselected_presidentoftheUnitedStatesin1992.A.aB.anC.theD./Shewasputto_bedwhenevershedidsomethingwrong.A.aB.anC.theD./Jumpingoutof_airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_excitingexperience.A./;theB./;anC.an;anD.the;the-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a,D,D,C,D,.,25.Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_internationaltradetoday.A.a;/B.the;anC.the;theD./;the26.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_telephonein1876.A./B.aC.theD.one,A,C,.,冠词的活用,冠词的用法比较广泛，有一定的灵活性。掌握冠词使用的基本规则，也需要注意其使用灵活的特点。,难点：1、弄清使用不定冠词或使用冠词的场合和语境。2、用与不用冠词的区别。,.,A、表示世界上独一无二的事物时用_,但名词前如有_修饰，则用_.,定冠词the,形容词,不定冠词a/an,Ex:_sun_risingsun,the,a,.,B、一日三餐的名词前一般_，但如果前边有_修饰，就需加_。,不用冠词,定语,冠词,如：Iof