高考英语一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom（讲）新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 2 The United Kingdom单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1unite vt. & vi.联合；团结united adj.联合的；团结的union n联合；联盟2consist vi.组成；在于；一致consistent adj.一致的3clarify vt.澄清；阐明4accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现5credit n信任；学分；赞扬；信贷6rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的7convenience n便利；方便convenient adj.方便的8attract vt.吸引；引起注意attraction n吸引力attractive adj.有吸引力的9collection n收藏品；珍藏；收集collect vt.收集10description n描写；描述describe vt.描述11furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的furnish vt.用家具布置furniture n家具12possibility n可能性possible adj.可能的13plus prep.加上；和adj.加的；正的；零上的14quarrel n争吵；争论；吵架 vi.争吵；吵架15arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理arrangement n安排16fold vt.折叠；对折unfold vt.(反义词)17delight n快乐；高兴vt.使高兴；使快乐delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的delightful adj.令人高兴的18thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊thrilling adj.令人激动的重点短语1consist of由组成2o 把分成3break away (from) 摆脱(束缚)；脱离4to ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬； 在名下5leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑6take the place of 代替7break down (机器)损坏；破坏8make a list of 把列出清单9on special occasions 在特殊场合10feel proud of 对感到骄傲经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。2Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two！虽然，全国性的，这些城市不如中国的城市大，但是它们拥有世界著名的足球队，有的甚至还拥有两支足球队！3It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。必备语法（高级句型）情态动词和虚拟语气（2）晨读范文背诵背诵这篇范文【河北省保定市高阳中学2016届高三上学期第一次月考】假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于9月26日接待来自于美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排他们的活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。上午与我校学生座谈（话题如校园生活、文化差异等）；中午与我校学生共同进餐（午餐包括饺子、面条等）；下午与我校学生代表游览校园。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr SmithI am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. _Im looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely Li Hua【答案】Dear Mr. Smith, I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. You will pay a visit to our school on September 16 and I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. My plan about these activities are as follows.On your arrival, we will show you around our school. Then a discussion will be held, which may cover such topics as school life, cultural differences and so on, aiming to improve mutual understanding. At noon, we will prepare dumplings and noodles as main food in our schools dining hall. In the afternoon, our guests together with some student representatives are going to visit our campus and enjoy the beautiful scenery there. After that, you will end your visit to our school. What do you think of the plan? Im looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1consistvi.组成；一致；在于【教材原句】How many countries does the UK consist of?英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？【例句研读】（1）The medical team consists of 5 doctors and 10 nurses.这支医疗队是由5名医生和10名护士组成的。（2）Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.幸福并不在于你拥有多少财产。【归纳拓展】consist in 存在于，在于consist of 由组成，由构成make up 组成，构成be made up of 由组成【注意事项】 consist of与make up, be made up of都有“组成，构成”的意思，但用法却不尽相同：make up意思是“组成，构成”，表示主动意义；consist of, be made up of意思是“由组成”，有被动含义。注意：consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。试比较：Our class is made up of 25 boys and 32 girls.Our class consists of 25 boys and 32 girls. 25 boys and 32 girls make up our class.我们班由25名男生和32名女生组成。【即时巩固】（1）Small as a watch is, it _tens of smaller parts.手表虽小，却是由几十个更小的部分组成的。（2）Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow_ struggle.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。（3）His actions do not his words. 他言行不一。考点2accomplish vt.完成(任务)；达到(目的)；实现(计划、诺言等)【教材原句】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well令人高兴的是，这件事没有引起冲突就完成了，那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。【例句研读】(1) We tried to arrange a peace but accomplished nothing.我们试图达成和解但毫无成效。(2) I finished reading the book in only one week.我仅在一周之内就读完了那本书。【易混辨析】accomplish指成功地完成预期的目标、任务等，通常接aim，journey，voyage等名词finish多指完成日常事务complete强调事物完整地完成或终结【即时巩固】(1) I need one more stamp before my collection is _我还得需要一张邮票才能完成我的集邮册。(2) A lazy man would _懒惰的人将一事无成。(3) They looked very disappointed because they didnt _ purpose他们看起来很失望因为他们没有到达所期望的目的。(4) She was able to overcome her disappointment and just be proud of the things she had .她战胜了她的的失望，她对她做的事感到自豪。【答案】(1) completed (2) accomplish nothing (3) accomplish the desired(4) accomplished 考点3conveniencen便利；方便；便利的事物/设施【教材原句】England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。【例句研读】(1) It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us.有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了。(2) Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience.请尽早送货。【归纳拓展】at ones convenience在某人方便时for convenience为了方便起见for sb.s conveniencefor the convenience of sb.为了某人方便起见convenient adj.方便的；便利的It is convenient for/to sb.对于某人来说方便It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事【温馨提示】 表示“对某人来说方便”不能说成sb is convenient, 而要说成it is convenient to sb。【即时巩固】(1) I kept my reference book near my desk_.我把参考书放在书桌旁以方便使用。(2) Come and see me whenever 你方便的时候来看我。（3）You may come and get it 在你方便时，你可以来拿。【答案】（1）for convenience（2）it is convenient to you（3）at your convenience考点4attract vt.吸引；引起注意；使喜爱【教材原句】It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.遗憾的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。【例句研读】(1) The exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors.展览吸引了成千上万的参观者。(2) When the teacher wrote an attractive question，several students raised their hands to attract her attention. 当老师写上有吸引力的问题时，好几个学生举起手来吸引她的注意力。【归纳拓展】attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事be attracted to sb.喜爱某人，为某人所吸引attraction n吸引力；诱惑力；有吸引力的地方；有吸引力的事物attractive adj.有吸引力的【即时巩固】(1) me most to the job was the chance to travel.这份工作最吸引我的地方是有旅行的机会。(2)During festivals，the new advertising campaigns started by supermarkets customers.节日期间，超市发起的广告活动对顾客很有吸引力。(3) Im to her，but she feels no for me.That means she doesnt find me at all.我喜欢她，但是她感觉我没有吸引力。也就是说她根本没发现我有吸引力。考点5creditn信任， 相信； 借款， 贷款； 赞扬， 荣誉； 功劳； 学分【教材原句】To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg.the currency and international relations)，but they still have very different institutions.值得赞扬的是，这四个国家在一些方面(如货币和国际关系方面)的确是共同合作的，但是有些制度方面仍然有很大不同。【例句研读】(1) Students who pass the test will receive a credit.通过测试的同学，将获得一个学分。(2) To their credit they still help that old man.值得赞扬的是他们仍然帮助那位老人。【归纳拓展】to ones credit为带来荣誉；值得赞扬的是be of credit有名望get/receive credit for.因为而得到荣誉give sb.credit for为称赞某人；信任某人do sb.creditdo credit to sb.使某人值得赞扬或表扬on credit记帐；分期付款【即时巩固】(1) They separated but _he never blamed Jane.他们分开了，但是值得赞扬的是他从来不责怪简。(2) To get _ for this course， the minimum requirements must work.要拿到这门课的全部学分，必须要达到最低要求。3) Most new cars are bought_.大多数新汽车都是贷款购买的。【答案】 (1) to his credit(2) full credits(3) on credit考点6roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地【教材原句】England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。【例句研读】(1) I had roughly four kilometers to go.我还要走大约4公里。(2) Roughly speaking，we need about US500.大体上说，我们需要500美元。【归纳拓展】roughly speaking大体上说rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；艰难的；粗暴的in rough处于未完成状态；在草稿纸上【即时巩固】(1) My mothers hands were _from hard work.由于常年劳作，妈妈的手很粗糙。(2) Could you _ estimate of the cost?你能粗略地估算一下你的花费吗？(3) The first year was_，but things have gotten better.第一年是艰难的，但情况变得越来越好了。考点7description nU，C描写；描述【教材原句】Have you read the description carefully？你仔细读过描述了吗？【例句研读】(1) I found the book boring beyond description.我觉得这本书乏味得无法形容。(2) The writer began with a description of the area.这位作家在开篇对该地区作了描写。【归纳拓展】give a description of形容；描述beyond description无法形容；难以描述describe v描写；描述describe.as.把说成是，把称作【即时巩固】(1) We need you to provide _of the situation.我们需要你提供对情况的准确描述。(2) He tall and dark，with glasses.他把她描述为高个头、黑皮肤、戴着眼镜。(3) Its difficult _how I feel.很难形容我的感受。【答案】(1) an accurate description (2) described her as (3) to describe考点8possibilitynU可能(性)；C可能发生的事【教材原句】Your task will be to examine the possibility of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom.【例句研读】(1) Life on other planets is a possibility.其他行星上有生命是可能的。(2) Ill do everything possible to help you.我会尽一切可能帮助你。【归纳拓展】 (1)There is a possibility for sb to do sth 某人有可能做某事(2)There is a possibility ofn./doing某事(物)有可能/有做某事的可能(3)possible adj. 可能的 (4)It is possibl that. . . . . .【即时巩固】(1) There is a good _ rain tonight. 今晚很可能要下雨。(2) She thought of _她考虑了几种可能的情况。(3) There is _ Jack can win the first prize in the match. 杰克不可能在比赛中赢得第一名。(4)_ that he passed the examination他通过了考试是可能的。【答案】(1) possibility of (2) several possibilities (3) no possibility that(4) It is possible考点9arrangevt.安排；整理；筹备，布置【教材原句】They had no time to arrange their own wedding.他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼【例句研读】(1) Can you arrange a trip for us?你能为我们安排一次旅行吗？ (2) I have arranged for our guests to be driven to the church.Com我已安排好用车把我们的客人送到教堂。【归纳拓展】arrange to do sth.安排好做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事arrange with sb.about sth.和某人商量某事It is arranged that.根据安排arrangement nU，C安排；准备工作make arrangements for为做安排【易混易错】organize与arrange(1)organize 指把分散的人员或事物编成一个整体，使每一个个体在这个整体中都能各尽其职或各行其是。如：Lets organize a debating club.我们来创办一个辩论俱乐部。(2)arrange 指按照恰当的秩序、关系、计划、需要或可能进行安排或调整。如：The travel agency has arranged everything for our trip to Canada.旅行社已为我们的加拿大之行安排好了一切。【提示】(1)arrange不能用于arrange sb.to do sth.结构，应该使用arrange for sb.to do sth.结构。(2)arrange 后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。【即时巩固】(1) He arranged that the meeting _for a week.他安排把会议推迟一周。(2) _that we have to have supper at the airport.根据安排，我们必须在机场吃晚饭。(3) We have already_ our vacation.我们已经为假期作了安排。考点10delightvt.使高兴；使欣喜n.高兴，喜悦；乐事，乐趣【教材原句】Her first delight was going to the Tower.她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。【例句研读】(1) The delights of living in the country impressed us deeply.在乡村生活的乐趣给我们留下了深刻的印象。(2) I was delighted to be invited to her birthday party.我很高兴被邀请参加她的生日聚会。【归纳拓展】delight in (doing) sth.喜欢(干)某事be delighted to do sth.做某事感到高兴with/in delight高兴地；快乐地to ones delight/to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是It is a delight to do sth.很高兴做某事take delight in (doing) sth.乐于做某事delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的delightful adj. 令人快乐的be delighted at/by/with 对很高兴【温馨提示】 delight可用作名词，表示“乐事”时是可数名词；表示“高兴，喜悦”时是不可数名词。【即时巩固】(1) He _the audience with his performance.他用他的表演使观众愉悦。(2) ，his novel was accepted for publication.令他高兴的是，他的小说被出版社接受了。(3) Although its price is too high，the whole family_the new house.虽然房价很高，但全家人都对新房都很满意。(4) She ran back home_.她兴高采烈地跑回家。【答案】 (1) delighted (2) To his delight (3) is delighted with(4) with delight考点11worthwhileadj. 值得做的【例句研读】（1）Youd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.你最好把你的时间用在一些有价值的阅读上。（2）It proved worthwhile to make the trip. He enjoyed the delights of New Yorks night life.结果证实这次旅行是有价值的。他享受到了纽约夜生活的乐趣。【归纳拓展】a worthwhile job一份值得做的工作be worthwhile doing/to do 值得做某事It is worthwhile to do sth/doing sth 做某事是值得的【易混易错】worth, worthy与worthwhile(1)worth adj.值得的，应该的。它作形容词时在句中只能作表语。sb/sth be worth意为“某人/某物值”。如：The bike is worth 200 yuan. 这辆自行车价值200元。be (well) worth doing 意为“(很)值得做”。这个句型是主动表被动的用法。如：This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(2)worthy adj.有价值的，值得的。它作形容词时既可以作表语又可以作定语。be worthy of n.如：He is worthy of our praise. 他受到我们的表扬当之无愧。be (quite) worthy of being done (很)值得做。如：The film is worthy of being watched.这部电影值得看。be (quite) worthy to be done (很)值得做。上面的句子可以改写为：The film is worthy to be watched.(3)worthwhile adj.值得做的，值得出力的。它既可以作表语又可以作定语。be worthwhile doing/to do值得做。如：It is worthwhile discussing the question again.It is worthwhile to discuss the question again.这个问题值得再次讨论。【即时巩固】(1)It _discuss the plan again.这项计划值得再讨论一次。.Com(2) It is _the dictionary.这本词典值得买。(3) Hangzhou is a beautiful place. It is _ to go there.杭州是个美丽的地方。那里值得一去。(4)The book is _ reading.这本书值得一读。(5)The place is _ of a visit.这个地方值得一游。考点12thrillvt.使极其激动；使胆战心惊n.兴奋；激动；使人兴奋的事【教材原句】But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum.但是让她感到震惊的是博物馆里有如此之多的来自不同文化的珍宝。【例句研读】（1）Meeting with Zhang Yimou in Beijing was a great thrill to me.对我来说，在北京遇到张艺谋是件令人兴奋的事情。（2）It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination.我得知考试及格后很兴奋。【归纳拓展】thrilled adj.感到兴奋、激动的be thrilled to do sth.胆战心惊地做某事be thrilled at/with sth.对某事感到兴奋a thrill to sb.对某人来说是一件兴奋的事情thrilling adj.令人兴奋的【温馨提示】thrill作名词时，如果指的是具体的人或事，则为可数名词。【即时巩固】（1）It was a _experience to meet the president.会见总统令人兴奋不已。（2）I receive the invitation.收到邀请，我非常激动。（3）It was _(真是一件令人兴奋的事)to meet the Queen.【答案】（1）thrilling（2）was thrilled to （3）a real thrill 重点短语精讲考点1divideinto把分成【教材原句】England can be divided into three main areas.英格兰被分为3个主要的区域。【例句研读】(1) He divided the cake into small parts and shared them with his friends.他把蛋糕分成小块，和他的朋友们分享了。(2) A low wall divided our garden from our neighbours garden.一堵矮墙把我们家的花园和邻居家的花园分隔开来。【归纳拓展】divide.between/among/with.和分配/分担/分享divide.from.把和分开divide.by.某数除以某数divide.in half/into halves 把分成两半【即时巩固】（1） How many groups are the students in your class .你们班的学生被分成几个小组？（2）As we joined the big crowd, I got _my friends.由于我们挤进了人群，我和我的朋友们被分开了。（3）Some of the big old houses have been into apartments.一些大的老房子被分成了几个部分。（4）He between reading and writing.他把时间用在阅读和写作上了。【答案】(1) divided into（2）separated from （3）divided（4）divided his time考点2break away (from)挣脱(束缚)，脱离，逃脱【教材原句】However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意，分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。【例句研读】（1）She broke away from him and ran to the door.她甩开他跑到门口。（2）The marriage broke up just a few years later仅仅几年后，这桩婚姻就破裂了。【归纳拓展】break away from从(政党，组织等)脱离出去；从中逃脱/挣脱；离开(家、家庭或工作)break down损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚break in非法闯入；插嘴，打断break into破门而入，非法闯入；突然起来break off打断；折断；中断(说话)break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发break through冲突；突破break up分解；分裂【易混易错】break in和break into都可作“破门而入”讲，但是break in后不接宾语(in为副词)，而break into后需要接宾语(into为介词)。【即时巩固】（1）The prisoner the two policemen who were holding him.犯人从两名警察的看守下逃了出去。（2）The audience _warm cheers.听众爆发出热烈的欢呼声。（3）With so much work filling my mind, I almost_.脑子里想着有那么多的作业，我几乎崩溃了。【答案】（1）broke away from（2）broke into（3）break down考点3leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑【教材原句】Which country is left out？哪个国家被遗漏了？【例句研读】（1）Youve left out the most important word in this sentence.你已在这一句中漏掉了最重要的一个单词。（2）Leave the boy alone，he can make up his own mind.别管那个孩子，他自己会做决定的。【归纳拓展】leave for动身去leave.alone让某人独处；不管某物leave behind留下；丢弃；使落后leave off停止；戒除【即时巩固】（1）She outlined the case to him，being careful not to leave anything .她向他讲述了事情的经过，很仔细没有漏掉任何事情。（2）Please decide what to _and what to leave in.请决定如何取舍。（3）We are leaving Canada next week.下周我们要去加拿大。【答案】（1）out（2）leave out（3）for考点4. take the place of( take ones place)代替，取代【教材原句】All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and in different situations.下列所有单词都可以取代said，但它们用于不同的情况和语境。【例句研读】(1) Sending email has almost taken the place of writing letters.发送电子邮件几乎已经代替了写信。(2) What would you do if you were in my place?如果你处在我的位置上，你会怎么做？【归纳拓展】take sb.s/sth.s placetake the place of sb./sth.代替某人/物in place of sb./sth.in sb.s/sth.s place代替某人/物take ones place就位take place 发生；举行in place 在适当的位置out of place不合适的；不恰当的【易混易错】 take ones place除了可以替换take the place of sb外，还有以下用法：(1)意为“就位，到某人应去的位置上”，其中ones与句中的主语指同一个人。如：Now, everybody takes his place.The show will begin in a minute.现在大家各就各位，演出马上就要开始了。(2)意为“成为，跻身于”。如： The new work will take its place among the most important paintings of this century.这个新作品会成为本世纪最重要的绘画作品之一。【即时巩固】(1) The plastic is _ of wood, metal and glass for many uses.塑料正在许多场合代替木材、金属和玻璃使用。 (2) Joe had to work as a blacksmith _his lazy father.乔只得代替他懒惰的父亲去当铁匠。(3) They put_ the tools of my new business.他们把我干这一新行当所需要的用具安放得井井有条。【答案】(1) ) taking the place (2) in place of (3) in place考点5break down(机器)停止运转；坏掉；打倒；捣碎；(使)失败；分解；(身体、精神)垮掉【教材原句】On my way to the station my car broke down.我的汽车在去车站的路上出故障了。【例句研读】(1) His health broke down as a result of smoking.因为吸烟他的健康垮掉了。(2) The soldiers fought bravely and finally broke through the enemys defense works.士兵们勇敢地战斗，最后终于突破了敌人的防线。【归纳拓展】break in