高考英语一轮复习Unit5Firstaid（讲）（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 5First aid单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助2temporary adj.暂时的；临时的3injury n损伤；伤害injure v受伤4bleed vi. & vt.流血bled(过去式)bled(过去分词)5choke vi. & vt.(使)噎住；(使)窒息6poison n毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒poisonous adj.有毒的7variety n变化；多样(化)；多变(性)various adj.各种各样的vary v变化8mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的mildly adv.轻微地；温和地9swell vi. & vt.(使)膨胀；隆起swollen adj.肿胀的10squeeze vt. & vi.榨；挤；压榨11symptom n症状；征兆12pour vt. & vi.倒；灌；注；涌13tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的tightly adv.紧地14firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地15treat vt. & vi.治疗；对待；款待 n款待；招待treatment n治疗；疗法；对待；待遇16apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效applicant n申请人application n申请(书)17pressure n压力；挤压；压迫(感)重点短语1first aid急救2fall ill 生病3prevent.from. 阻止4get burned 烧伤5electric shock 触电；电休克6squeeze out 榨出；挤出7over and over again 反复；多次8in place 在适当的位置；适当9a number of 若干；许多10put ones hands on 找到11make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.若烫伤是在胳膊或腿上，如果可能的话，把它们抬得高于心脏。2John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里做功课，突然听到一声尖叫。3It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life.正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。4There is no doubt_that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士得救了。必备语法（高级句型）非谓语动词晨读范文背诵背诵这篇范文【湖北省孝感高级中学2016届高三4月】假如你是李华，是英国某所学校的交换生，你于2015年10月14日在商店购买的电脑坏了，请你根据下列提示给商店客服写一封信。主要内容：1. 写作目的；2. 描述具体情况（黑屏，无法使用）；3. 建议解决办法（更换或退钱）；注意：1. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 2. 词数100左右。【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam， My name is Li Hua, an exchange student from China. Im writing to complain about the quality of the computer which I purchased from your store on October 14, 2015.It unexpectedly went wrong a few days after I bought it. The monitor turned out to be a black screen while I was preparing an important report. I tried to restart it according to the instructions, but it still failed to work. Therefore, Im sure there is something wrong with the computer. I am hoping that you direct me to a store where I may return the faulty item for a new one within the next 3 days. Since your store has gained a good reputation for customer satisfaction, I am confident you will process my complaint at your earlier convenience.Looking forward to your early reply. 语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1aidn. & vt.帮助；援助；资助【教材原句】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种暂时的帮助。【例句研读】（1）He aided me in business.他在生意上帮助我。（2）He was too busy to come to my aid.他太忙了，不能来帮我。【归纳拓展】with the aid of.在的帮助下in aid of sth./sb.以支援或帮助某物/某人be a great aid to sb.对某人有极大的帮助come to ones aid来帮助某人first aid急救aid sb.in sth./doing sth.在某方面帮助某人aid sb.with sth.以某事物帮助某人aid sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事【即时巩固】（1）He should be able to read this without _ a dictionary他不用词典应该能读懂这个。（2）He came to _ when I was in difficulty. 我有困难时，他来帮助我。（3）My professor _continue my study.我的教授帮助我继续做研究。【答案】（1）the aid of（2）my aid（3）aided me to考点2injuryn伤害；损害【教材原句】Often the illness or injury is not serious，but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.通常情况下这些患者的伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，给予紧急援助会挽救人的生命。【例句研读】(1) Two players were out of the game because of injury.两名队员因伤退出了比赛。(2) Your words do an injury to the little girl.你的言语伤害了这个小女孩。我仅在一周之内就读完了那本书。【归纳拓展】injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj. 受伤的escape injury 幸免受伤do an injury to sb 伤害某人【易混辨析】injure，wound，hurt与damage(1)injure “损害，伤害”，多指身体上因意外受到的伤害，也可指感情上的伤害。如：She was badly injured in the accident.她在事故中受了重伤。(2)wound “受伤，伤害”，多指战斗中对身体造成的刀伤或枪伤，也可指“伤口”。如：He died after receiving two bullet wounds in the head. 他因头部中了两颗子弹而死。(3)hurt “伤害，受伤”，多用于有生命的东西，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以比喻精神或感情方面的伤害。作不及物动词时表示“疼痛”。如：I hope we havent offended him; he sounded rather hurt on the phone. 但愿我们没有得罪他， 他在电话里听起来像是受了委屈。(4)damage“损坏”，指物的损失或价值的损失，也可指感情的伤害。如：The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水严重地毁坏了农作物。【即时巩固】(1) After the big earthquake，_ had no access to the medical rescue immediately.大地震后，伤员不能立即获得医疗上的救援。(2) He didnt mean to _ her feelings.我没打算伤害你的感情。(3) In that accident, three were killed and four got _在这次意外事故中，3人丧生，4人受伤。(4) The heavy rain _ many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房屋。考点3bleed (bled，bled)vi.& vt.流血【例句研读】(1) My nose began to bleed.我的鼻子开始流血。(2) All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country.所有的年轻战士都愿意为祖国洒热血。【归纳拓展】blood n血，血液； 血统bloody adj. 血腥的，残忍的；流血的bleed to death 流血致死bleed for sth 为而流血；为而悲痛【即时巩固】(1) She was almost after she gave birth to a child. 生完孩子后，她几乎因流血不止而死去。(2) The cut on my arm _for a long time.我胳膊上的伤口流了好长时间的血。（3）You_ at the nose.(Your nose is bleeding.)你在流鼻血。考点4varietyn. 变化，多样(化)，多变(性)；(同一事物的)不同种类，多种多样【教材原句】You can get burned by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation(by being close to high heat or fire，etc.)，the sun，electricity or chemicals.你可能由于各种原因而被烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)、阳光、电和化学物品。【例句研读】(1) There are a variety of flowers in the garden.花园里有各种各样的花。(2) She made the children glad in a variety of ways.她用各种各样的方法使孩子们高兴。【归纳拓展】a variety ofvarieties of various adj.各种各样的；不同种类的vary v变化多；变化；使多样化vary from.to.从到不等；在到之间变动vary with.随而变动【温馨提示】 “a variety of复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用复数；“the variety of复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数。【即时巩固】(1) Beijing is filled with people from _of China. 北京遍布来自全国各地的人。(2) Opinions on this matter_.在这个问题上，(人们的)意见不一致。(3) _is the spice of life.变化是生活的调味品。【答案】 (1) various parts(2) vary (3) Variety考点5swell vi.&vt.(swelled，swollen)(使)膨胀；隆起；(使)增加【教材原句】.dry，red and mildly swollen干燥、发红、微肿【例句研读】(1) Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her.她的胳膊上被蜜蜂蜇了的地方开始肿了起来。(2) The sails swelled (out) in the wind.船帆鼓满了风。【归纳拓展】swell up 膨胀，肿胀swell out鼓起，凸出swell with.(心中)充满swollen adj.肿胀的【即时巩固】(1) Her heart _happiness. 她心中充满了幸福。(2) Last years profits _a fall in production costs.去年因生产成本下降而使利润有所增加。考点6electric adj.电的；导电的；电动的【教材原句】Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes ，or severe petrol fires.例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。【例句研读】(1) This heavy truck is driven by two electric motors.这辆重型卡车是由两台电动机驱动的。(2)I want to buy an electric cooker.我想买一个电炉。【易混易错】electric/electricalelectric用电的，指“用电操作的或生电的”。electrical表示与电有关的人或事物，指“电的，电气的”。electric fan 电风扇electric current电流electrical engineer电机工程师【即时巩固】(1) Please connect the two wires.请把两个电线接起来。(2) All the work was done by my younger brother.所有的电工活都是我弟弟做的。【答案】(1) electric (2) electrical考点7squeeze vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨【教材原句】For second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。【例句研读】(1) Theres room for one more, but itll be a squeeze.这里还能容下一个人，但是会挤一点儿。(2) He squeezed an orange to get the juice out.他挤压橘子以便榨出橘汁。【归纳拓展】squeeze out榨出；挤出squeeze from从榨取squeeze out of从中挤出/榨出squeeze through挤着通过squeeze o.将某物挤成某形状squeeze ones way推开别人通过；挤过【即时巩固】(1) Tom took off his wet clothes and _the water out.汤姆脱下了湿衣服，拧出了水。(2) The dog _the small hole in the wall.那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。(3) He was so fat that he could not _他太胖了不能挤进公共汽车。【答案】(1) squeezed (2) squeezed through (3) squeeze into the bus 考点8vitaladj.至关重要的；生死攸关的【教材原句】If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。【例句研读】(1) To be able to cope with change is vital for survival.能够应对变化对生存极为重要。 (2) Richard played a vital role in the teams success.理查德对团队的成功起了至关重要的作用。【归纳拓展】be of vital importance至关重要的be vital to.对很重要It is vital to do sth.做是很重要的It is vital that.是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即should do，should可以省略)【即时巩固】(1) Skilful employees _the success of any company.技术好的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。(2) _that school teach students to use computer technology.学校应该教会学生使用计算机技术，这是至关重要的。(3) _ to master at least a foreign language at college. 在大学掌握至少一门外语是非常重要的。考点9pour vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨【教材原句】Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.山姆弄破了水泡，还从冰箱里取出冰水敷在皮肤上。【例句研读】(1) The river pours into the sea.这条河奔流入海。(2) The crowd poured out of the concert hall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。【归纳拓展】pour in/into涌进pour out of从中涌出来pour down(雨)倾盆而降pour out倾诉pour cold water on给泼冷水，使扫兴【即时巩固】(1) Some students often _their trouble to their teachers.有些学生经常向老师倾诉他们的烦恼。(2) Some people cold water on others plan.有些人总是爱给别人的计划泼冷水。【答案】(1) pour out(2) are always pouring 考点10treatvt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n款待，招待【教材原句】John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands.约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。【例句研读】(1) John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands.约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。(2) This young couple treat their neighbours very well.这对年轻夫妇对他们的邻居很好。【归纳拓展】treat sb badly/well虐/善待某人treat sb as 把某人看作treat sb to (to用作介词) 用招待/款待某人(Its) My treat. 我请客。【易混辨析】treat/cure/healtreat“治疗”。含义最广，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb.for sth.医治某人病。cure“治愈；治疗”。多指病后恢复健康，其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb.of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻，指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。heal“(伤口或断骨)愈合；复原”，多指创伤，外伤， 也可指矛盾，分歧。【即时巩固】(1) She _one of her family members. 她把我当成了家人来看待。(2) Lets go out for dinner_this time.咱们出去吃饭吧这次我请客。(3) Cancer is hard_. 癌症很难治疗。考点11applyvt. 涂，敷，搽；应用，运用；(后常接oneself)使致力(于)；(后接不定式)使专心从事 vi.申请，请求；使用；有效【例句研读】He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他使劲按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。【例句研读】(1) The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。(2) We should apply both theories to the language teaching.我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教学中去。【归纳拓展】application n请求，申请，申请书；应用，运用applicant n. 申请人apply sth to sth 将某物应用于某物apply oneself to 专心致志于，致力于apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物apply to do sth 申请做某事be applied to 适用于， 应用于， 施加于apply for 申请， 请求【即时巩固】(1) You will pass the exam if you _ your work. 如果你专心致志，就会通过考试。(2) The boy _ to both surfaces.小男孩把两面都涂上了胶水。(3) He _ the job.他申请获得这份工作。【答案】(1) apply yourself to (2) applied the glue (3) applied for 重点短语精讲考点1over and over again反复；多次【教材原句】For second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。【例句研读】（1）He read the poem over and over again till he could recite it.他一遍又一遍地朗读那首诗，直到他会背诵为止。（2）I have pointed it out to you over and over again.我已经一遍又一遍地给你指出了它。【归纳拓展】(all) over again再次，重新over and over 一再地，反复地again and again 反复地，再三once again 再次，又一次time and again 多次，一再地time after time 多次，不断地【即时巩固】（1）He broke his word _他又一次违背了他的诺言。（2）If he isnt sure about something，he will ask the same question until he is sure about it. 如果他对某事没把握，他会反复地问同一个问题直到有把握为止。（3）Children are forgetful and must be told _how to behave.孩子们没有记性，必须反复告诉他们如何表现自己的举止。考点2in place在适当的位置；适当【教材原句】Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。【例句研读】（1）The librarian put the returned books in place.图书管理员把归还的图书放到原处。（2）The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.下周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。【归纳拓展】out of place在错误的位置；在不适当的位置 in place of 代替 give place to 让位于take place 进行，发生take the place of 代替in ones place 处于某人的境况；代替take ones place 就座；代替in the first place 起初，首先，第一【即时巩固】（1）She has a habit of having everything_.她有把每件东西都放在适当的位置的习惯。（2）These clothes are_.Please put them away，Lucy.这些衣服摆乱了。露西，请把它们放好。（3）Do you think the Internet can _of newspapers？你认为因特网能代替报纸吗？考点3a number of许多，若干【教材原句】He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages，but when nobody could put their hands on any，his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.他立即问旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。【例句研读】(1) A number of people have left. 许多人已经离开了。(2) Quite a number of worldfamous paintings are on show in this exhibition.许多世界名画在本次展览会上展出。【归纳拓展】a large/great number of许多的，大量的a small number of 少量的a great/good many(后接可数名词复数) 许多的，大量的a lot of/plenty of(后接可数名词复数或不可数名词) 许多的，大量的【易混辨析】a number of与the number of(1)a number of相当于 many，修饰可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。number前可用large，small等修饰，以表示程度。(2)“the number of可数名词复数”作主语时，中心词是number，所以其后的谓语动词要用单数形式。【即时巩固】(1)_ computers were bought in by the company.这家公司购进了大批量的电脑。(2) _the students of the school is increasing.这个学校的学生数量在增加。(3) _ sheep are eating grass on the hill.许多羊在山上吃草。考点4. put ones hands on找到，得到【教材原句】He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages，but when nobody could put their hands on any，his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.他立即问旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。【例句研读】(1) Ill bring some tapes if I can put my hands on them.如果能找到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。(2) Have you put your hands on any help from her?你从她那里得到帮助了吗？【归纳拓展】get ones hands on弄到；抓到by hand亲自；手工at hand在手边；即将来临in hand在手中；有关系hand in hand手拉手；密切关联on one hand.on the other hand一方面另一方面hand down把传递下来hand in交上；递交hand over移送；移交hand out分发【即时巩固】(1) Fifty years later，she finally _on her missing families in the war.五十年之后，她最终找到了在战争中失散的家人。(2) Soon school will end and the summer vacation will be_.学期快结束了，暑假即将到来。(3) We shall _these written statements to the reporters.我们将把这些书面声明发给记者。【答案】(1) put her hands(2) at hand (3) hand out 考点5make a difference有影响，区别对待，起(重要)作用【教材原句】It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.这表明急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。【例句研读】(1) The sea air has made a difference to her health.海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。(2) Flowers make no difference to this room.这房间有没有花没什么区别。【归纳拓展】make a noise喧闹make a living 谋生make money 挣钱make a fortune 发财make no difference 没有关系，没有区别make no/some difference(to/in sb./sth.)没有/有些作用/关系/影响make all the difference(to sb./sth.)关系重大；大不相同tell the difference between A and B辨别A和B的差异make a difference between区别对待【即时巩固】(1) I can _in the world!世界因我而不同！(2) It _to me whether you come here or not.对我来说，你来不来都无所谓。(3) Its easy to _between butter and margarine.区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的。经典句型剖析考点1状语从句的省略【教材原句】Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。【句法分析】在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步的状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it时，从句常省略主语和be动词。如：if possible如有可能if necessary必要时， 如果必要的话if any若有的话if ever如果有过的话， 如果发生过的话if anything如果有什么的话if not 不然的话， 要不是， 如果不Remove clothing using scissors if (it is) necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。【例句研读】(1) If necessary，you can ask him for help.如果有必要的话，你可以向他求助。(2) David seldom asks his father，if ever，for help when in trouble.当遇到麻烦时，(如果曾经有)戴维也很少求助于父亲。【即时巩固】(1) It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _， wed better take it to the garage immediately.听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了。如果真的是这样的话，我们最好立刻把它送到修理厂。(2) _ should happen to him, that would be too bad.如果有什么意外的事降临到他的头上，那可就糟了。(3) They were ready to die, _， for their country.必要时，他们愿为国捐躯。【答案】 (1) If so (2) If anything unexpected (3) if necessary 考点2 “be doing.when.”句型【教材原句】John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在屋里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。【句法分析】句中使用了“be doing.when.”句式，意为“正在/正要做某事，这/那时(突然)”，其中when作并列连词相当于and then，and at that time，连接两个并列分句，其前面分句的谓语动词常用过去进行时，而后面分句的谓语动词多用一般过去时。相关的结构还有：主语+be about to do.when.即将做这时(突然)主语+be doing.when.正要/正在做这时(突然)主语+be just going to do.when.正要做这时(突然)主语+be on the point of doing.when.正要去做这时(突然)主语+had done.when.刚刚做完这时(突然)【例句研读】(1) They were having classes when the earthquake happened.他们正在上课，那时突然地震发生了。(2) Lily was about to study when someone knocked at the door.莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。【即时巩固】(1) I was playing computer games _electricity was cut off.昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，这时停电了。(2 I was _going/_ go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。(3) I my homework when my mother asked me to help her clean the house.我刚做完作业，妈妈就叫我帮她打扫房间。考点3 There is no doubt that毫无疑问【教材原句】There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。【归纳拓展】There is no doubt that毫无疑问Theres some doubt whether.值得怀疑sb.have/has no doubt that.sb.dont/doesnt doubt that.某人相信sb.have/has some doubt whether.sb.doubt/doubts whether.某人怀疑out of/beyond doubt毫无疑问without doubt无疑地【句法分析】(1)There is no doubt that是一个固定句型，that引导的是同位语从句，no 也可以换成little。若把no换成some，则that要换成whether。如：There is some doubt whether