高中英语分词讲解

分词,分词的时态和语态,分词的时态1.分词一般式表示的动作和位于动词所表示的动作同时发生，或一个紧接着另一个发生。在书面语中常用作背景描写。E.g.Walkingdownthestreet,IranintoMr.Zhang.Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagement.,2.分词完成式（havingdone/havingbeendone）表示动作在位于动词所表示的动作之前发生。E.g.Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.Havingpassedmydrivingtest,Iwasabletobuymyfirstcar.,3.分词的一般式和完成时均可表示已完成的动作。一般式的两个动作几乎同时发生，但完成式强调2个动作的先后。E.g.Lockingthedoor,shewentout.Havingstudiedintheuniversityforthreeyears,heknowstheplaceverywell.,2.分词完成时的被动语态(havingbeendone)强调先于位于动词。E.g.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.,分词的语态1.分词一般式的被动语态（beingdone）强调动作正在进行。E.g.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourschool.Beingsurrounded,therebeltroopswereforcedtosurrender.,3.过去分词（done）也表示被动。但没有强调先后。E.g.Theconcertgivenbythethisbandwasagreatsuccess.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.,分词作定语,分词短语作定语，放被修饰名词后；单个分词作定语，放被修饰名词前。E.g.Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeopleshealth.分词完成式不能做定语。,现在分词和过去分词作前置定语是的区别,分词作表语,现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征。过去分词做表语表示主语所处的状态。E.g.Sheisveryexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.,分词作宾语补足语,接现在分词作宾语补足语有2类动词1、感官动词：feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,notice,observe等2.“发现”“闻到”“致使”：discover,find,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set,start.E.g.IdiscoveredMr.Jacksittingnearthefires,readingabook.Thevictorysentourspiritsrising.,接过去分词作宾语补足语的有3类动词。1.感官或心理状态的动词：see,watch,find,feel,consider.Iconsideredthisproblemsolved.2.“使役”“致使”：get,have,keep,leave,makeItrytomakemyselfunderstood.3.“要求”“希望”“命令”：declare,like,need,order,want,wish.Hedeclaredthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesclosed.,现在分词作状语,表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式等。Hearingthenews,theyalldancedforjoy.Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.United,westand,divided,