实验九实验报告卓越彭佳伟

C语言程序设计实验报告专业计算机科学与技术班级卓越工程师班日期2014年1月13日成绩第九次实验结构与联合实验指导教师李开学生姓名彭佳伟学号U201414716实验组别同组人姓名实验名称结构与联合实验一、实验目的（1）熟悉和掌握结构的说明和引用、结构的指针、结构数组，以及函数中使用结构的方法。（2）掌握动态存储分配函数的用法，掌握自引用结构和单向链表的创建、遍历、结点的增删、查找等操作。（3）了解字段结构和联合的用法。二、实验任务1表达式求值的程序验证设有说明CHARU“UVWXYZ“CHARV“XYZ“STRUCTTINTXCHARCCHARTA11,A,U,100,B,V,PA请先自己计算表21中表达式的值，然后编写程序并运行来加以验证。（各表达式相互无关）表21表达式值的计算序号表达式计算值验证值1PX2P,PC3PT,PT4PT5PT6PT2源程序修改、替换下面所给源程序的功能是给定一批整数，以0作为结束标志且不作为结点，将其建成一个先进先出的链表。先进先出链表的头指针始终指向最先创建的结点（链头），先建结点指向后建结点，后建结点始终是尾结点。请完成以下工作（1）源程序中存在什么样的错误（先观察执行结果）对程序进行修改、调试。使之能够正确完成指定任务。（2）修改替换CREAT_LIST函数，将其建成一个后进先出的链表。后进先出的链表的头指针始终指向最后创建的结点（链头），后建结点指向先建结点，先建结点始终是尾结点。源程序INCLUDEINCLUDESTRUCTS_LISTINTDATASTRUCTS_LISTNEXTVOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPINTMAINVOIDSTRUCTS_LISTHEADNULL,PINTS1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0CREAT_LISTHEAD,SPHEADWHILEPPRINTF“DT“,PDATAPPNEXTPRINTF“N“RETURN0VOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADNULL,TAILIFP00ELSELOC_HEADSTRUCTS_LISTMALLOCSIZEOFSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADDATAPTAILLOC_HEADWHILEPTAILNEXTSTRUCTS_LISTMALLOCSIZEOFSTRUCTS_LISTTAILTAILNEXTTAILDATAPTAILNEXTNULLHEADPLOC_HEAD3程序设计编写并上机调试运行能实现以下功能的程序或函数（1）编写一个程序，实现以下功能定义一个字段结构STRUCTBITS，它将一个8位无符号字节从最低位向最高位声明为8个字段，各字段依次为BIT0,BIT1,BIT7，且BIT0的优先级最高。同时设计8个函数，第I个函数以BITI（I0,1,7）为参数，并且在函数体内输出BITI的值。将8个函数的名字存入一个函数指针数组P_FUN。如果BIT0为1，调用P_FUN0指向的函数。如果STRUCTBITS中有多位为1，则根据优先级从高到低依次调用函数指针数组P_FUN中相应元素指向的函数。8个函数中的第0个函数可以设计为VOIDF0STRUCTBITSBPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN”,B（3）设计用单词链表建立一张班级成绩单，包括每个学生的学号、姓名、英语、高等数学、普通物理、C语言程序设计四门课程的成绩，试用函数编程实现下列功能输入每个学生的各项信息。输出每个学生的各项信息。修改指定学生的指定数据项的内容。统计每个同学的平均成绩（保留两位小数）。输出各位同学的学号、姓名、四门课程的总成绩和平均成绩。4选做题（1）对上述程序设计题中第（2）题的程序，增加按照平均成绩进行升序排序的函数，试写出用交换结点数据域的方法升序排序的函数，排序可用选择法或冒泡法。（2）对选做题第（1）题，进一步写出用交换结点指针域的方法升序排序的函数。（3）采用双向链表重做编程设计题中的第（2）题。三、实验步骤及结果1、序号表达式计算值验证值1PX1001002P,PCBB3PT,PTXX4PTXX5PTVV6PTVV2、1错误CREATE_LIST函数中传入的是一级指针，应该传入二级指针。修改后代码INCLUDEINCLUDESTRUCTS_LISTINTDATASTRUCTS_LISTNEXTVOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPINTMAINVOIDSTRUCTS_LISTHEADNULL,PINTS1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0CREAT_LISTPHEADWHILEPPRINTF“DT“,PDATAPPNEXTPRINTF“N“RETURN0VOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADNULL,TAILIFP00ELSELOC_HEADSTRUCTS_LISTMALLOCSIZEOFSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADDATAPTAILLOC_HEADWHILEPTAILNEXTSTRUCTS_LISTMALLOCSIZEOFSTRUCTS_LISTTAILTAILNEXTTAILDATAPTAILNEXTNULLHEADPLOC_HEAD运行结果（2）源代码INCLUDEINCLUDESTRUCTS_LISTINTDATASTRUCTS_LISTNEXTVOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPINTMAINVOIDSTRUCTS_LISTHEADNULL,PINTS1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0CREAT_LISTPHEADWHILEPPRINTF“DT“,PDATAPPNEXTPRINTF“N“RETURN0VOIDCREAT_LISTSTRUCTS_LISTHEADP,INTPSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADNULL,TEMPNULLIFP00ELSEWHILEPLOC_HEADSTRUCTS_LISTMALLOCSIZEOFSTRUCTS_LISTLOC_HEADDATAPLOC_HEADNEXTTEMPTEMPLOC_HEADHEADPLOC_HEAD运行结果3、（1）源代码INCLUDESTRUCTBITSUNSIGNEDCHARBIT01UNSIGNEDCHARBIT11UNSIGNEDCHARBIT21UNSIGNEDCHARBIT31UNSIGNEDCHARBIT41UNSIGNEDCHARBIT51UNSIGNEDCHARBIT61UNSIGNEDCHARBIT71UNIONWSTRUCTBITSAUNSIGNEDCHARTMVOIDF0UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF1UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF2UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF3UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF4UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF5UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF6UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITVOIDF7UNSIGNEDCHARBITPRINTF“THEFUNCTIONDISCALLEDN“,BITINTMAININTARGC,CHARCONSTARGVUNSIGNEDINTNVOIDP_FUN8UNSIGNEDCHARBPRINTF“INPUTN“SCANF“D“,MTNP_FUN0F0P_FUN1F1P_FUN2F2P_FUN3F3P_FUN4F4P_FUN5F5P_FUN6F6P_FUN7F7IFMABIT0P_FUN0MABIT0IFMABIT1P_FUN1MABIT1IFMABIT2P_FUN2MABIT2IFMABIT3P_FUN3MABIT3IFMABIT4P_FUN4MABIT4IFMABIT5P_FUN5MABIT5IFMABIT6P_FUN6MABIT6IFMABIT7P_FUN7MABIT7RETURN0运行结果3（2）源代码INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDETYPEDEFSTRUCTSTUDENTSTUDENTSTRUCTSTUDENTINTNUMBERCHARNAME10FLOATENGLISHFLOATMATHFLOATPHYSICSFLOATCFLOATAVERAGEFLOATSUMSTUDENTNEXTVOIDINPUTSTUDENTHEADVOIDOUTPUTSTUDENTHEADVOIDCHANGEINFOSTUDENTHEADVOIDSORTSTUDENTHEADINTMAINVOIDSTUDENTHEADNULLINTNINTFLAG1WHILEFLAG1PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHENUMBEROFOPTIONSN“PRINTF“1INPUTINFORMATIONT2CHANGEINFORMATIONN“PRINTF“3OUTPUTINFORMATIONT4SORTINFORMATIONN“PRINTF“5QUITN“SCANF“D“,SWITCHNCASE1INPUTBREAKCASE2CHANGEINFOHEADBREAKCASE3OUTPUTHEADBREAKCASE4SORTHEADBREAKCASE5FLAG0BREAKDEFAULTPRINTF“ILLEGALINPUTPLEASEINPUTAGAIN“BREAKPRINTF“NN“RETURN0VOIDINPUTSTUDENTHEAD/采用的是后进先出的单向链表CHARANSWERYWHILEANSWERYSTUDENTCURRENTNULLCURRENTSTUDENTMALLOCSIZEOFSTUDENTCURRENTNEXTHEADHEADCURRENTPRINTF“NPLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNUMBER“SCANF“D“,PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAME“SCANF“S“,CURRENTNAMEPRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFENGLISH“SCANF“F“,PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFMATH“SCANF“F“,PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFPHYSICS“SCANF“F“,PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFC“SCANF“F“,CURRENTSUMCURRENTENGLISHCURRENTMATHCURRENTPHYSICSCURRENTCCURRENTAVERAGECURRENTSUM/4PRINTF“DOYOUWANTTOINPUTTHEINFOMATIONOFANOTHERSTUDENTY/N“SCANF“C“,ANSWERTOLOWERANSWERVOIDOUTPUTSTUDENTHEADIFHEADNULLPRINTF“YOUHAVENOTINPUTANYINFORMATION“ELSEPRINTF“NNTTTHEINFOMATIONOFSTUDENTSN“DOPRINTF“NAMESTT“,HEADNAMEPRINTF“NUMBERDTT“,HEADNUMBERPRINTF“ENGLISH2FT“,HEADENGLISHPRINTF“MATH2FT“,HEADMATHPRINTF“PHYSICS2FNN“,HEADPHYSICSPRINTF“C2FT“,HEADCPRINTF“SUM2F“,HEADSUMPRINTF“AVERAGE2F“,HEADAVERAGEHEADHEADNEXTWHILEHEADNULLVOIDCHANGEINFOSTUDENTHEADIFHEADNULLPRINTF“YOUHAVENOTINPUTANYINFORMATION“ELSESTUDENTCURRENTHEADCHARNAME10INTFLAG0INTNPRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAME“SCANF“S“,NAMEWHILECURRENTNEXTNULLIFSTRCMPNAME,CURRENTNAME0CURRENTCURRENTNEXTELSEFLAG1PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHENUMBEROFOPTIONSN“PRINTF“1ENGLISHT2MATHT3PHYSICST4CT5NAMET6NUMBERN“SCANF“D“,SWITCHNCASE1PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFENGLISH“SCANF“F“,BREAKCASE2PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFMATH“SCANF“F“,BREAKCASE3PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFPHYSICS“SCANF“F“,BREAKCASE4PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFC“SCANF“F“,BREAKCASE5PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAME“SCANF“S“,CURRENTNAMEBREAKCASE6PRINTF“PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNUMBER“SCANF“D“,DEFAULTBREAKIFNSUMCURRENTENGLISHCURRENTMATHCURRENTPHYSICSCURRENTCCURRENTAVERAGECURRENTSUM/4BREAKVOIDSORTSTUDENTHEAD/采用的是冒泡排序/交换的是数据域，不是指针IFHEADNULLPRINTF“YOUHAVENOTINPUTANYINFORMATION“ELSESTUDENTTEMPWHILEHEADNEXTNULLSTUDENTCURRENTHEADWHILECURRENTNEXTNULLIFCURRENTAVERAGENEXTAVERAGETEMPCURRENTTEMPNEXTCURRENTNEXTNEXTCURRENTNEXTNEXTCURRENTNEXTCURRENTCURRENTNEXTCURRENTNEXTTEMPCURRENTCURRENTNEXTHEADHEADNEXT运行结果PLEASEINPUTTHENUMBEROFOPTIONS1INPUTINFORMATION2CHANGEINFORMATION3OUTPUTINFORMATION4SORTINFORMATION5QUIT1PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNUMBER124PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAMEPJWPLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFENGLISH54PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFMATH75PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFPHYSICS65PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFC45DOYOUWANTTOINPUTTHEINFOMATIONOFANOTHERSTUDENTY/NYPLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNUMBER7896PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAMETSRPLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFENGLISH64PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFMATH23PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFPHYSICS75PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFC34DOYOUWANTTOINPUTTHEINFOMATIONOFANOTHERSTUDENTY/NYPLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNUMBER0706PLEASEINPUTTHESTUDENTSNAMELGYPLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFENGLISH79PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFMATH64PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFPHYSICS76PLEASEINPUTTHESCOREOFC34DOYOUWANTTOINPUTTHEINFOMATIONOFANOTHERSTUDENTY/NNPLEASEINPUTTHENUMBEROFOPTIONS1INPUTINFORMATION2CHANGEINFORMATION3OUTPUTINFORMATION4SORTINFORMATION5QUIT4PLEASEINPUTTHENUMBEROFOPTIONS1INPUTINFORMATION2CHANGEINFORMATION3OUTPUTINFORMATION4SORTINFORMATION5QUIT3THEINFOMATIONOFSTUDENTSNAMELGYNUMBER706ENGLISH7900MATH6400PHYSICS7600C3400SUM25300AVERAGE6325NAMEPJWNUMBER124ENGLISH5400MATH7500PHYSICS6500C4500SUM23900AVERAGE5975NAMETSRNUMBER7896ENGLISH6400MATH2300PHYSICS7500C3400SUM19600AVERAGE4900