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MEDICALENGLISH,Benefits,Itcanhelpyou:,1、Rapidlygraspthelatestmedicalnewsworldwide;快速掌握国际最新医学动态;,2、PreciselycomprehendmedicalliteraturesinEnglish;精确理解医学英语专业文献;,3、Greatlypromotemedicalexchangeswithforeigners;极大促进与国外人士的医学交流。,4、EfficientlypublishmedicalworksandpapersinEnglish.有效出版英文医学著作与论文。,Targetsribosome;erythrocyte-i-:centimeter;multiple,SingularandPluralFormsofMedicalTerms,SmallerFormsofMedicalTerms,OneWordinThreeForms,大多数关于人体解剖具有统一词义的医学术语由于词源不同,既可用普通英语词汇表达,也可用拉丁或希腊词源构成的词汇表达而构成“一词三式”的现象。如:,体body;soma;corpus肾炎-kidneyinflammation;renitis;nephritis肺病-lungdisease;pulmonarydisease;pneumopathy,OneWordinThreeForms,一词三式在词根中的体现:骨:bone(英文);osse(o)-(拉丁语);oste(o)-(希腊语)肾:kidney;ren(o)-;nephr(o)-血:blood;hema-;hemato-;-emia(后缀)胸:chest;thoraco-;pecto-,重音规则,首先,要学会分音节(syllable),一般一个元音为一个音节,如:e/so/pha/go/je/ju/no/ga/stro/sto/mo/sis(食管空肠胃吻合术)含有12个音节。1、单音节词本身就是重读音节,如:lung,heart2、双音节词重音落在第一音节上,如:stomach,gastric,kidney,renal3、大多数多音节词的重音落在倒数第二音节或倒数第三音节上,如:gastritis,gastromyotomy(幽门切开术)。但是,也有例外的情况,如:gastroscope(胃镜)。,SuggestedReferences,白永权医学专业英语人民卫生出版社2005年11月杨明山医学英语新教程世界图书出版社2006年3月何筑丽医学英语写作与翻译高等教育出版社2002年10月杨一华医学英语词汇高级教程人民军医出版社2009年5月万学红中英对照内科查房化学工业出版社2007年2月Linda实用医学英语会话中国水利水电出版社2007年9月陈社胜医学英语视听说教程1-3册复旦大学出版社2006年9月李朝品医学论文英文摘要写作人民卫生出版社2009年7月洪班信英语医学论文及摘要写作北京大学医学出版社2008年4月王亚娜高级医学英语写作教程世界图书出版公司2012年2月Wilfred风暴式医学教程MosbysCrashCourse科学出版社孙海晨汉译英使用技能训练外文出版社1998年1月李长栓非文学翻译理论与实践中国对外翻译出版公司2004年12月,Tools,查英文文献:pubmed(注意勾上freelimit)医学英文专著:freemedicalbooks;freebooks4doctors翻译、ppt及文档等:google(港版)+高级搜索词典:有道等在线词典中医英语:www.shen-中医教材、典籍等:中医E百,王氏中医世家,HumanBody,Studiesofhumanbody:解剖学,生理学,生物学,细胞学,胚胎学,组织学,内分泌学,血液学,免疫学,心理学等。Bodysystems:骨骼系统,肌肉系统,循环系统,呼吸系统,神经系统,内分泌系统,泌尿系统,生殖系统,消化系统及皮肤,SkeletalSystem,Thissystemismadeof:BonesJointsCartilageFunctions:ProvidesupportandprotectionProvidepointsofattachment,BoneShapes,MuscularSystem,Functions:MovethebodyProduceheattomaintainconstantbodytemperature,MuscularSystem,Thissystemismadeof:Striatedmuscles(skeletalandcardiacmuscles)Non-striatedmuscles(smoothmuscles)OrVoluntarymuscles(skeletalmuscles)Involuntarymuscles(cardiacmusclesandsmoothmuscles),CirculatorySystem,CirculatorySystem,Functions:Distributeneededmaterials(nutrients,traceelements,oxygen,etc.)Removeunneededmaterials(wasteproducts,excessiveelements,etc.)Serveasapartofthebodysdefensesystem(antibodiesandWBCintheblood),CirculatorySystem,Thissystemismadeof:Heart(nearlytwoidenticalhalves)bloodvessels(artery,vein,capillary)blood,RespiratorySystem,RespiratorySystem,Functions:TakeinoxygenExpelcarbondioxideandwatervaporThissystemismadeof:nose/mouththroat(pharynxandlarynx)tracheabronchus(pl.bronchi)airsacs,DigestiveSystem,DigestiveSystem,Functions:TakeinfoodBreakdownfoodintosmallmoleculesAbsorbnutrientsandwaterExpeldryfoodresidues,DigestiveSystem,Thissystemismadeof:mouth(saliva)esophagusstomach(gastricacid,enzymes)smallintestine(duodenum,jejunum,ileum)largeintestine(cecum,colon,rectum)Accessorydigestiveorgans:liverandgallbladder(bile)pancreas(pancreaticenzymes),UrinarySystem,UrinarySystem,Functions:maintainnormallevelsofwaterandcertainsmallmolecules,suchassodiumandpotassium.Thissystemismadeof:kidneyureterbladderurethra,EndocrineSystem,EndocrineSystem,Functions:controlbodyactivitiesbyhormonesproducedbyavarietyofendocrineglands.Thissystemismadeof:pituitarythyroid(parathyroid)adrenalglandpancreastestis/ovary,NervousSystem,NervousSystem,Functions:controlbodyactivitiesbynerves.Thissystemismadeof:brainspinalcord(protectedbyspinalcolumn)nerves(peripheralandcentralnerves),ReproductiveSystem,oviduct,ReproductiveSystem,Functions:produce,transportandmaintainviablesperm;producemalesexhormone(testosterone).Orproduceandtransportovum(pl.ova);eliminateornourishanovum;producefemalesexhormones(estrogen,progesterone).,TheSkin(IntegumentarySystems),Skin,Functions:keepoutforeignsubstances;preventexcessivewaterevaporation;providetactileinformation;keepconstantbodytemperature.,TranslationExercise,CaseReportPatientLiHua,male,69yearsold,aretiredteacher,wasadmittedonJune6,1989,becauseofpalpitationforoneyearandbecomingworseinrecent5months.ThepatientwasquitewelluntiloneyearbeforeMay,1988.Hefeltslightpalpitationanddyspneaduringhardwork,fastwalk,orclimbingstairs.Therewasswellingoflegsintheevening,buthefeltbetterafterhavingarest.Inrecent5months,palpitationanddyspneabecamesoseriousthathecouldneitherwalknorliedown.Hehadtositupduringthewholenight.Sometimeshecoughedwithsmallamountsofsputum,butwithoutblood.Hehadnochill,fever,chestpainorsorejoints.Theurinatingwasnormal.,TerminologyStudy(1),1.cell:表示细胞的前缀为-cyto,如cytology(细胞学),cytoskeleton(细胞骨架),cytochrome(细胞色素),cytoplasm(细胞质)。表示细胞的后缀是-cyte,如monocyte(单核细胞),leukocyte(白细胞),thrombocyte(血小板,凝血细胞),lymphocyte(淋巴细胞)。2.tissue:表示组织的前缀为histo-,如histology(组织学),histone(组蛋白),histopathology(组织病理学),histamine(组胺)。3.anatomy:-tomy为表示切开的后缀,如laparotomy(剖腹术),thoracotomy(胸廓切开术),tracheotomy(气管切开术)。4.microscope:-scope为表示镜或检查仪器的后缀,如endoscope(内窥镜),funduscope(眼底镜),stethoscope(听诊器)。,TerminologyStudy(1),5.-some:表示体,如chromosome(染色体),lysosome(溶酶体),ribosome(核糖体),centrosome(中心体)。6.-plasm:表示浆,如cytoplasm(细胞浆,细胞质),plasma(血浆),endoplasmicreticulum(内质网,简称ER)。7.mito-:表示线,有丝分裂,如mitochondria(线粒体),mitogenic(促有丝分裂的),mitosis(有丝分裂)。8.chromato-/chromo-:表示染色质,颜色,如chromatin(染色质),chromatography(色谱分析),chromasome(染色体)。,TerminologyStudy(2),1.collagen胶原:collagenic为其形容词形式;collagen+-ase=collagenase(胶原酶)。2.embryotic:表示胚胎的前缀为embryo-,如embryology(胚胎学),embryogenesis(胚胎发生)。3.pelvic:pelvi-为表示盆,肾盂的前缀,如pelvis(骨盆,肾盂),pelvimetry(骨盆测量),pelvilithotomy(肾盂切开取石术),pelviureteroradiography(肾盂输尿管造影)。4.hemopoiesis:-poiesis为表示产生或制造的后缀,如erythropoiesis(红细胞生成),lymphocytopoiesis(淋巴细胞生成)。,TerminologyStudy(2),5.macrophage巨噬细胞:-phage,-phagia,phago-均为吞噬的含义,如bacteriophage(噬菌体),dysphagia(吞咽困难),phagocyte(吞噬细胞)。6.osteoporosis骨质疏松:osteo-表示骨,如osteomalacia骨软化,osteomyelitis(骨髓炎)。Porosis是空洞形成,骨痂形成的意思。,TheSkeletalSystem,Mainbonesofthehumanbody:头骨,面骨,上颌骨(maxilla),下颌骨(mandible),椎骨,锁骨(clavicle),胸骨(sternum),肋骨,肩胛骨(scapula),肱骨(humerus),桡骨(radius),尺骨(ulna),腕骨(carpalbone),掌骨(metacarpal),指骨(phalanges),盆骨(pelvicbone),股骨(femur),胫骨(tibia),腓骨(fibula),踝骨(tarsalbone),跖骨(metatarsalbone),趾骨(phalangesoftoes),TerminologyStudy(3),1.diaphysis骨干:dia-表示通过,横过,如diameter(直径),dialysis(透析),diarrhea(腹泻)。physis表示生长之物。2.epiphysis骨骺:epi-表示在之上,在之外,如epicardium(心外膜),epidermis(上皮)。3.sesamoid籽骨:-oid表示样的,类的,如rheumatoid(类风湿的),sigmoid(乙状的),steroid(类固醇),lipoid(类脂)。4.endochondral软骨内的:endo-表示内,如endocrine(内分泌),endoscope(内窥镜),endotoxin(内毒素)。chondro-表示软骨,如chondrocyte(软骨细胞),chondroma(软骨瘤)。,TerminologyStudy(3),5.osteoclast破骨细胞/osteoblast成骨细胞:-clast表示破坏,如chromosomeclastgen(染色体阻断剂);-blast表示胚胞,芽,如myeloblast(成髓细胞,原始粒细胞)。6.calcitonin降钙素:calci-表示石灰,钙,如calcification(钙化),calcium(钙);ton-表示紧张,张力,如muscletone(肌张力),ophthalmotonometer(眼压计);-in有物质的意思,如insulin(胰岛素),vitamin(维生素),penicillin(青霉素),erythromycin(红霉素)。7.parathormone甲状旁腺激素:para-有表示旁,副的意思,如parathyroid(甲状旁腺),parasympathetic(副交感的)。8.phosphate磷酸盐:phospho-表示磷,如phospholipid(磷脂);-ate有酸盐意思,如nitrate(硝酸盐)。,TerminologyStudy(4),1.orthopedics矫形外科,骨科:ortho-表示直的,正常的,如orthotopic(常位的,正位的),orthopnea(端坐呼吸)。2.phosphatase磷酸酶:-ase表示酶,如amylase(淀粉酶),proteinase(蛋白酶),lipase(脂肪酶)。3.osteomyelitis骨髓炎:-myelo表示髓,如myelitis(脊髓炎),myelography(脊髓造影),myeloma(骨髓瘤)。4.osteomalacia骨软化:-malacia表示软化,如encephalomalacia(脑软化)。,TerminologyStudy(4),5.neoplasm新生物,瘤:neo-表示新,如neocortex(新皮质);neonatal(新生儿)。6.osteosarcoma骨肉瘤:sarco-表示肉,如sarcoid(肉样的,类肉瘤);-oma表示瘤,如fibroma(纤维瘤),lipoma(脂肪瘤)。7.corticosteroid皮质类固醇:cortico-表示皮质,如cortisol(皮质醇),corticospinal(皮质脊髓的)。8.ankylosis关节僵硬:-osis表示病态,如acidosis(酸中毒),alkalosis(碱中毒),thrombosis(血栓形成),cervicalspondylosis(颈椎病)。,TranslationExercise,CaseReportPatientLiHua,male,69yearsold,aretiredteacher,wasadmittedonJune6,1989,becauseofpalpitationforoneyearandbecomingworseinrecent5months.ThepatientwasquitewelluntiloneyearbeforeMay,1988.Hefeltslightpalpitationanddyspneaduringhardwork,fastwalk,orclimbingstairs.Therewasswellingoflegsintheevening,buthefeltbetterafterhavingarest.Inrecent5months,palpitationanddyspneabecamesoseriousthathecouldneitherwalknorliedown.Hehadtositupduringthewholenight.Sometimeshecoughedwithsmallamountsofsputum,butwithoutblood.Hehadnochill,fever,chestpainorsorejoints.Theurinatingwasnormal.(tobecontinued),TranslationExercise,Therewasnothingelseabnormalinthecasehistoryreviewexceptacuredlobarpneumoniain1949.Hehadnohistoryofdrugallergy.Personalhistory:ThepatientwasborninXianin1923.HehadbeentothesouthofChinabutdidnotcontactcontaminatedwater.Hesmokedabout10cigarettesdaily.Hegotmarriedin1945.Hiswifewashealthy.Theyhadadaughterwhowasalsohealthy.Hisfatherdiedofstomachcancer.Hismotherwaswell.PhysicalExamination:T.36.8,P.96/min,R.28/min,BP.23.5/13.3kPa.Thepatient,anoldfattymanwhodevelopedwellandmoderatelynourished,waslyinginbedwithasemirecliningposition.Helookedpaleandsufferedfromgeneraledema.Hewasmentallynormalandcooperativeintheexamination.Therewasnoeruption,nojaundice,nopurpuraontheskin,andthelymphnodeswerenotpalpable.(tobecontinued),TerminologyStudy(3),1.diaphysis骨干:dia-表示通过,横过,如diameter(直径),dialysis(透析),diarrhea(腹泻)。physis表示生长之物。2.epiphysis骨骺:epi-表示在之上,在之外,如epicardium(心外膜),epidermis(上皮)。3.sesamoid籽骨:-oid表示样的,类的,如rheumatoid(类风湿的),sigmoid(乙状的),steroid(类固醇),lipoid(类脂)。4.endochondral软骨内的:endo-表示内,如endocrine(内分泌),endoscope(内窥镜),endotoxin(内毒素)。chondro-表示软骨,如chondrocyte(软骨细胞),chondroma(软骨瘤)。,TerminologyStudy(3),5.osteoclast破骨细胞/osteoblast成骨细胞:-clast表示破坏,如chromosomeclastgen(染色体阻断剂);-blast表示胚胞,芽,如myeloblast(成髓细胞,原始粒细胞)。6.calcitonin降钙素:calci-表示石灰,钙,如calcification(钙化),calcium(钙);ton-表示紧张,张力,如muscletone(肌张力),ophthalmotonometer(眼压计);-in有物质的意思,如insulin(胰岛素),vitamin(维生素),penicillin(青霉素),erythromycin(红霉素)。7.parathormone甲状旁腺激素:para-有表示旁,副的意思,如parathyroid(甲状旁腺),parasympathetic(副交感的)。8.phosphate磷酸盐:phospho-表示磷,如phospholipid(磷脂);-ate有酸盐意思,如nitrate(硝酸盐)。,Bones,1.骨的形状和结构2.骨的重塑3.骨生长的影响因素,Bones,Structureofalongbone:长大于宽,由一个骨干和若干骨骺组成。其弯曲结构可在不同点吸收重力,并使受力均匀。Examplesofthelongbone:肱骨,股骨,桡骨,尺骨,掌骨,胫骨,指骨等,Bones,Structureofalongbone:,BoneCellProduction,Bones,Structureofashortbone:长约等于宽,由薄层骨密质和骨松质组成。Examplesoftheshortbone:腕骨,踝骨等,Bones,Structureofaflatbone:较薄,由大致平行的密质骨板含一层骨松质组成。提供大范围的保护和附着点。Examplesoftheflatbone:头骨,胸骨,肋骨,肩胛骨,Bones,Structureofanirregularbone:形状复杂,不属于以上3类。骨密质和松质含量不一。Examplesoftheflatbone:椎骨,面骨等。Additionalbone:缝间骨,籽骨(髌骨)。,Bones,骨的重塑:骨髓腔近端骨骼的破坏和骨骺远端骨的生成。各部位速率不一。该功能有2个作用,即新组织可代替磨损或受伤的骨骼,和储存钙质。,Boneremodelingatthecelllevel,骨的重塑:由去除钙质的破骨细胞和沉积钙质的成骨细胞作用而成。若钙质沉积过多,则成骨刺,骨结块;若流失过多,则形成骨质疏松;若重塑过快,则成变形性骨炎。,Boneremodelingatthecelllevel,骨吸收的过程:破骨细胞释放分泌蛋白质溶解酶消化胶原蛋白质和其它有机质,释放酸类使骨盐溶解。镁元素缺乏可抑制该进程。,Boneremodelingatthecelllevel,Factorsofbonegrowthandreplacement:A.钙、磷、锰元素B.维生素DC.垂体分泌的生长激素,甲状腺分泌的降钙素,甲状旁腺分泌的甲状旁腺激素,性激素(双刃剑:促进新骨生长senseorganscelldivisionandreproduction;collagenstriatedmuscles;clavicle/collarboneendocrinology;attachmentofmusclesconductelectricalimpulse;hemotologyfertilizedegg/ovum;lysosomecapillary;pituitaryinorganicmatrix;fibrousconnectivetissueplatelet/thrombocyte;mechanicalandchemicalprocess;accessoryorgans;exhalecarbondioxide,TerminologyStudy(5),1.cardiac心脏的,贲门的:cardio-/cardium表示心脏,贲门,如cardiovascular(心血管的),endocardium(心内膜),epicardium(心外膜),pericardium(心包),cardiospasm(贲门痉挛),cardiacsphincter(贲门括约肌)。2.biceps二头肌:bi-表示二,如bicycle(自行车),bicuspidvalve(二尖瓣)。3.triceps三头肌:tri-表示三,如tricuspid(三尖瓣),trigeminus(三叉神经)。4.sinoatrial窦房的:sino-表示窦,鼻窦(sinus),如sinusitis(鼻窦炎)。,TerminologyStudy(5),5.hypertrophy肥大:hyper-表示过多,如hypertension(高血压);hyperplasia(增生),hyperthyroidism(甲亢);-trophy表示营养,如dystrophy(营养不良),neurotrophy(神经营养)。6.atrophy萎缩:a-表示不,无,缺少,如amenorrhea(闭经),asymptomatic(无症状的),aphasia(失语症)。7.fibrous纤维的:fibro-表示纤维,如fibroblast(成纤维细胞,纤维母细胞),fibroma(纤维瘤),fibrocartilage(纤维软骨)。,FleshyBelly,InsertionandOriginofMuscles,Fascia,MuscleHypertrophy/Atrophy,TerminologyStudy(6),1.myasthenia肌无力:my(o)-表示肌,如myocarditis(心肌炎),myoatrophy(肌萎缩),myositis(肌炎);asthen(o)表示衰弱,无力,如asthenia(无力),asthenopia(视力疲劳,视衰);-ia表示病况,如arrhythmia(心律不齐),dysphagia(吞咽困难)。2.myositis肌炎:-itis表示炎症,如rhinitis(鼻炎),sinusitis(鼻窦炎),hepatitis(肝炎),nephritis(肾炎)。3.polymyositis/dermatomyositis多发性肌炎/皮肌炎:poly-表示多,如polyuria(多尿),polymorphonuclear(多形核的);derm(ato)-表示皮肤,如dermatology(皮肤病学),dermatitis(皮炎),dermatome(皮区,皮片,皮刀)。4.myopathy肌病:-pathy表示病,如myocardiopathy(心肌病),dermopathy(皮肤病)。,TerminologyStudy(6),5.sclerosis硬化症:sclero-表示硬化,巩膜,如arteriosclerosis(动脉硬化),atherosclerosis(动脉粥样硬化),scleritis(巩膜炎)。6.panhypopituitarism全垂体机能减退:pan-表示全部,泛,如panangitis(全血管炎),panarthritis(全身关节炎),pancarditis(全心炎);hypo-表示下,低,少,如hypotension(低血压),hypothyroidism(甲状腺功能低下),hypocalcemia(低血钙)。7.dystrophy营养不良:dys-表示不良,异常,障碍,如dysentery(痢疾),dysphagia(吞咽困难),dyspnea(呼吸困难),dysmenorrhea(月经困难,痛经)。8.neuromuscular神经肌肉的:neuro-表示神经,如neurasthenia(神经衰弱),neuritis(神经炎),neurosis(神经官能症),neurotransmitter(神经递质)。,TerminologyStudy(6),9.thymectomy胸腺切除术:thymus是胸腺的意,-ectomy表示切除术,如splenectomy(脾切除术),thyroidectomy(甲状腺切除术)。10.plasmapheresis血浆提取法:其中plasma表示血浆,pheresis是提取法的意思,如lymphapheresis(淋巴细胞除去法),plateletspheresis(血小板分离术)。11.acetylcholine乙酰胆碱:aceto-表示乙酰,acetyl是乙酰基的意思,而chole-/chol(o)-表示胆,胆汁,choline是胆汁素,胆碱的意思。,TerminologyStudy(7),1.gastrointestinal胃肠的:gastr(o)-表示胃,如gastrectomy(胃切除术),gastritis(胃炎),gastroscopy(胃镜检查)。2.pericarditis心包炎:peri-表示周围,如pericardium(心包),periosteum(骨膜),peridontitis(牙周炎)。3.pleuritis胸膜炎:pleur(o)-表示胸膜,如pleurisy(胸膜炎),pleurocentesis(胸腔穿刺术),pleurorrhea(胸膜腔渗液)。4.pulmonary肺的:pulmo-表示肺,如pulmogram(肺X片),pulmometer(肺量计)。,TerminologyStudy(7),5.nocturnal夜间的:noct-表示夜,如nocturia(夜尿症),noctambulism(梦游症)。6.dyspnea呼吸困难:-pnea表示呼吸,如orthopnea(端坐呼吸),tachypnea(呼吸急促),bradypnea(呼吸过慢)。7.stethoscope听诊器:stetho-表示胸,如stethoparalysis(胸肌麻痹),stethoscopy(听诊器检查),stethometer(胸围计)。,CongenitalMyasthenia,1.congenitalA.先天的2.stumpB.使为难;障碍3.nuromuscularC.神经肌肉的4.oliveD.橄榄5.negativeE.消极的;阴性的6.pediatricF.儿科的7.neurologistG.神经专家8.conventionaltestH.传统的测试9.electrodiagnosticI.电诊法的10.referralJ.转诊病人11.geneticsK.遗传学12.downforthecountL.完败13.caninecompanionM.犬类同伴14.beattunedtoN.与协调,合拍,CongenitalMyasthenia,TrueorFalse1.Notmanydoctorsknowwellcongenitalmyasthenicsyndrome.2.Atfirstglance,youwouldguessthatsomethingisntquiterightwithAryelaandBriannaFawcett.3.YearsofdiagnostictestsdidntrevealwhatwaswrongwithAryelaandBriannaFawcett.4.Dr.ConstanceBowedidntknowwhattodowithAryelaandBriannaFawcettwhentheirexamwascompletelynormal.5.Itwaselectrodiagnosticteststhatsuggestedthediagnosisofcongenitalmyasthenicsyndrome.6.Conventionaltestsdontshowanyobviousabnormalitiesinthecaseofcongenitalmyasthenicsyndrome.,CongenitalMyasthenia,TrueorFalse7.Congenitalmyasthenicsyndromeisaproblemofmuscledamage.8.AryelaandBriannaFawcettareunabletowalkallthetime.9.ThetreatmentforAryelaandBriannaismedication.10.Acanineistrainedtocomfortthegirls.11.Thetwodoctorsaimtounlockthemysteriesofmyastheniaandtoensurethatotherdoctorscanmoreeasilytreatit.12.Morethan70patientshavenowbeensuspectedofhavingcongenitalmyasthenicsyndrome.,TerminologyStudy(7),1.gastrointestinal胃肠的:gastr(o)-表示胃,如gastrectomy(胃切除术),gastritis(胃炎),gastroscopy(胃镜检查)。2.pericarditis心包炎:peri-表示周围,如pericardium(心包),periosteum(骨膜),peridontitis(牙周炎)。3.pleuritis胸膜炎:pleur(o)-表示胸膜,如pleurisy(胸膜炎),pleurocentesis(胸腔穿刺术),pleurorrhea(胸膜腔渗液)。4.pulmonary肺的:pulmo-表示肺,如pulmogram(肺X片),pulmometer(肺量计)。,TerminologyStudy(7),5.nocturnal夜间的:noct-表示夜,如nocturia(夜尿症),noctambulism(梦游症)。6.dyspnea呼吸困难:-pnea表示呼吸,如orthopnea(端坐呼吸),tachypnea(呼吸急促),bradypnea(呼吸过慢)。7.stethoscope听诊器:stetho-表示胸,如stethoparalysis(胸肌麻痹),stethoscopy(听诊器检查),stethometer(胸围计)。,BloodFlowintheHeart,Heartbeat,TheHeart,PulmonaryCircuit,Aorta,Circuits,Venule,Myocardium,CoronaryArtery,Pericarditis,Aneurysm,Aneurysm,Pulmonaryedema,CommonHeartDiseases,心衰(heartfailure);心律失常(arrhythmia);高血压(hypertension);动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis);心脏瓣膜病(valvularheartdisease);感染性心内膜炎(infectiveendocarditis);心肌疾病(myocarditis);心包疾病(diseaseofthepericarditis);先天性心脏病(congenitalheartdisease),CommonHeartExaminations,心尖搏动(apicalimpulse);震颤(thrill);心浊音界(cardiacdullness);心率和心律(heartrateandrhythm);心音(heartsound);心脏杂音(cardiacmurmurs);心肌酶(cardiacenzyme);心肌蛋白(myocardin;heartprotein);心电图(ECGelectrocardiogram);超声心动图(UCGultrosoniccardiogram/echocardiogram);冠状动脉照影(coronaryangiography),TranslationExercise(Morningshiftmeeting),Mr.A,inbed5,ward2,male,43yearsold,cameinyesterdaycomplainingofshortnessofbreathafterexertionforoneyear,worseningoverthepasthalf-month.Hewasdiagnosedwithdilatedcardiomyopathy,andgivenfurosemide(呋塞米)20mgivqd,aswellaslanatosideC(毛花苷C)0.2mgivqd,captopril(卡托普利)12.5mgtid,metoprolol(美托洛尔)12.5mgbidandpotassiumchloride(氯化钾)10mltid.Hisurinevolumefromadmissiontillnowis1000ml,andheisbreathingeasier.,Chinese,第二病房5床,A先生,男性,43岁。主诉“活动后气短1年,加重半月”昨天入院。诊断为扩张型心肌病,给予呋塞米20mg静脉推注,每天1次,毛花苷C0.2g静脉推注,每天一次,卡托普利12.5mg,每天3次,美托洛尔12.5mg,每天两次。氯化钾10ml,每天3次。入院到现在尿量1000ml。病人气促好转。,TranslationExercise,CaseReport(recordpart)PatientLiHua,male,69yearsold,aretiredteacher,wasadmittedonJune6,1989,becauseofpalpitationforoneyearandbecomingworseinrecent5months.ThepatientwasquitewelluntiloneyearbeforeMay,1988.Hefeltslightpalpitationanddyspneaduringhardwork,fastwalk,orclimbingstairs.Therewasswellingoflegsintheevening,buthefeltbetterafterhavingarest.Inrecent5months,palpitationanddyspneabecamesoseriousthathecouldneitherwalknorliedown.Hehadtositupduringthewholenight.Sometimeshecoughedwithsmallamountsofsputum,butwithoutblood.Hehadnochill,fever,chestpainorsorejoints.Theurinatingwasnormal.,TranslationExercise,Therewasnothingelseabnormalinthecasehistoryreviewexceptacuredlobarpneumoniain1949.Hehadnohistoryofdrugallergy.Personalhistory:ThepatientwasborninXianin1923.HehadbeentothesouthofChinabutdidnotcontactcontaminatedwater.Hesmokedabout10cigarettesdaily.Hegotmarriedin1945.Hiswifewashealthy.Theyhadadaughterwhowasalsohealthy.Hisfatherdiedofstomachcancer.Hismotherwaswell.PhysicalExamination:T.36.8,P.96/min,R.28/min,BP.23.5/13.3kPa.Thepatient,anoldfattymanwhodevelopedwellandmoderatelynourished,waslyinginbedwithasemirecliningposition.Helookedpaleandsufferedfromgeneraledema.Hewasmentallynormalandcooperativeintheexamination.Therewasnoeruption,nojaundice,nopurpuraontheskin,andthelymphnodeswerenotpalpable.,TranslationExercise,Thehead,eyes,nose,ears,mouthwerenormalwhilethelipswerecyanotic.Theneckwassoft,therewasnovenousengorgement.Thyroidglandswerenotpalpable,therewerenothrillorbrunt(冲击感).Thet
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