《丧钟为谁而鸣》PPT课件

ForWhomtheBellTolls丧钟为谁而鸣,ErnestMillerHemingway海明威,ErnestMillerHemingway,ErnestMillerHemingway(July21,1899July2,1961)wasanAmericannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist.Hewaspartofthe1920sexpatriatecommunity(外籍人士)inParis,aswellastheveterans（退伍军人）ofWorldWarOnelaterknownas“theLostGeneration”,asdescribedinhismemoirAMoveableFeast.HereceivedthePulitzerPrize（普利策奖）in1953forTheOldManandtheSea,andtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureHemingwaysdistinctivewritingstyleischaracterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement,incontrasttothestyleofhisliteraryrivalWilliamFaulkner.（威廉福克纳）Ithadasignificantinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftwentieth-centuryfictionwriting.Hischaractersaretypicallystoic(坚忍的)menwhoexhibitanidealdescribedasgraceunderpressure.Manyofhisworksarenowconsideredcanonical(典型)inAmericanliterature.,HemingwaywroteForWhomtheBellTollsinCuba,KeyWest,andSunValley,Idahoin1939.InCuba,helivedintheHotelAmbos-Mundoswhereheworkedonthemanuscript(手稿).ThenovelwasfinishedinJuly1940,andpublishedinOctober.ThenovelisbasedonhisexperiencesduringtheSpanishCivilWar,withanAmericannamedRobertJordanwhofightswithSpanishsoldiersfortherepublicans.Thenovelhasthreetypesofcharacters:thosewhoarepurelyfictional;thosebasedonrealpeoplebutfictionalized;andthosewhowereactualfiguresinthewar.,Background,Abstract,ForWhomtheBellTollsistoldprimarilythroughthethoughtsandexperiencesofRobertJordan,acharacterinspiredbyHemingwaysownexperiencesintheSpanishCivilWar.RobertJordanisanAmericanvolunteerfortheRepublicansideintheSpanishCivilWarwhoisanexpertintheuseofexplosives,heisassignedtoblowupabridgeduringanattackonthecityofSegovia.Asuperiorhasorderedhimtotravelbehindenemylinesanddestroyabridge,usingtheaidofagroupofguerrillas(游击队)whohavebeenlivinginthemountainsnearby.Intheircamp,RobertJordanfallinlovewithMara,ayoungSpanishnativewhoselifehasbeenshatteredbytheoutbreakofthewar.Finallyhedevotedhislifetofinishhistask.Thenovelvividlydescribesthebrutality(暴行)ofcivilwar.,Appriciation,Nomanisanisland,entireofitself;everymanisapieceofthecontinent,apartofthemain.Ifaclodbewashedawaybythesea,Europeistheless,aswellasifapromontory(海角)were,aswellasifamanor(庄园)ofthefriendsorofthine（你的）ownwere:anymansdeathdiminishesme,becauseIaminvolvedinmankind,and,therefore,neversendtoknowforwhomthebellstolls;ittollsforthee.,没有人能自全，没有人是孤岛，,每人都是大陆的一片，要为本土应卯。,一旦海水冲走，欧洲就要变小。,不论是你的，还是朋友的，任何人的死亡，都是我的减少，,作为人类的一员，我与生灵共老。,丧钟在为谁敲，我本茫然不晓，不为幽明永隔，它正为你哀悼。,那便是一方海角，,那便是一座庄园,谁都不是一座岛屿，自成一体；每个人都是那广袤大陆的一部分。如果海浪冲刷掉一个土块，欧洲就少了一点；如果一个海角，如果你朋友或你自己的庄园被冲掉，也是如此。任何人的死亡都使我受到损失，因为我包孕在人类之中。所以别去打听丧钟为谁而鸣，它为你敲响。,AnalysisofMajorCharacter,ThemajorcharacterofForWhomtheBellTolls,RobertJordanlefthisjobasacollegeinstructorintheUnitedStatestovolunteerfortheRepublicansideintheSpanishCivilWar.HebelievedintheRepublicancausewithanear-religiousfaithandfeltanabsolutebrotherhoodwithhiscomrades(战友)ontheRepublicanside.,AnalysisofMajorCharacter,Heknowsthathisjobrequiresthathekillpeoplebutalsoknowsthatheshouldnotbelieveinkillingintheabstract.DespitehisnewfoundloveforMaria,hefeelsthattherecannotbeaplaceforherinhislifewhilehealsohashismilitarywork.Heclaimsnottobesuperstitious(迷信的)butcannotstopthinkingabouttheworldasgivinghimsignsofthingstocome.TheseconflictsweighheavilyonRobertJordanthroughoutthethenovel.,AnalysisofMajorCharacter,RobertJordan,inhisfinalmomentsashefacesdeath.Heacceptshimselfasamanofactionratherthanthought,asamanwhobelievesinpracticalityratherthanabstracttheories.Heunderstandsthatthewarrequireshimtodosomethingsthathedoesnotbelievein.Healsorealizesthat,thoughhecannotforgettheunsavory(名誉不好的)deedshehasdoneinthepast,hemustavoiddwelling(细想某事)onthemtogetthingsdoneinthepresent.Finally,RobertJordanisabletomakeroominhismindforbothhisloveforMariaandhismilitarymission.Bytheendofthenovel,justbeforehedies,hisinternalconflictsandtensionsareresolvedandhefeelsintegratedintotheworld.(融入世界),Reflections,Deathisaprimarythemeofthenovel.WhenRobertJordanisassignedtoblowupthebridge,heknowsthathewillnotsurviveit.PabloandE