托马斯哈代介绍PPT课件

-,1,ThomasHardy(1840-1928),Englishpoetandnovelist,famousforhisdepictionsoftheimaginarycountry“Wessex”.Hardysworksreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife.,09英本6马晓萌82,-,2,Contents,BriefIntroductionMajorWorksTessoftheDUrbervilles,-,3,Born:2June1840Died:11January1928Occupation:architectwriter(Naturalist,Novelist,Poet,andShortStorywriter)afamouscriticalrealisticwriterthelastimportantnovelistoftheVictorianage,-,4,Attheageof16,hebecameapprenticedtoalocalarchitect,buthegaveuparchitecturein1874.Becauseofmarriage,hebegantowritepoemsandnovels,whichidealizedtherurallife.Tess(1891)andJude(1896)shockedBritishpruderiesandHardywasterriblyabusedforbeing“filthy”.Hardyannouncedin1896thatJudewashislastnovel,andturnedwithrelieftothewritingofpoetry.Hardysfinalyearswerefullofhonors.Hediedin1928.,-,5,BecausemostofHardysnovelstakeplaceinthepartly-real,partly-dreamcountyofWessex(namedaftertheAnglo-Saxonkingdomwhichexistedinthearea),hisnovelswerecalledWessexNovel(威塞克斯小说）.theevolutionofWessextheEnglishsocietyinthe19thcentury,loveforhishometown,hisindividualphilosophy.,-,6,Hardysworkasanarchitect,-,7,In1870,whileonanarchitecturalmissiontorestoretheparishchurchinCornwall,HardymetandfellinlovewithEmmaLaviniaGifford,whomhemarriedin1874.Althoughhelaterbecameestrangedfromhiswife,whodiedin1912,herdeathhadatraumaticeffectonhim.Afterherdeath,HardymadeatriptoCornwalltorevisitplaceslinkedwiththeircourtship,andhisPoems1912-13reflectuponherpassing.In1914,HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale,whowas39yearshisjunior.However,heremainedpreoccupiedwithhisfirstwifesdeathandtriedtoovercomehisremorsebywritingpoetry,-,8,HardysFirstWife,EmmaGifford:awomanofhighsocialstatus.ShehadaveryinterestingpersonalityandwasalwaysrememberbyvisitorstotheHardyhousehold.Shediedin1912.,ThomasandEmmaHardyresidedatMaxGatefrom1884onward.,DesighedbyHardyhimself,-,9,SecondwifeHardysnurse,companionandfan.,In1914,HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale,whowas39yearshisjunior.DuetoFlorencescare,Hardycouldremainhealthyandcontinuehiswritingcareer.,-,10,托马斯哈代（18401928）英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的一个小村庄，毗邻多塞特郡大荒原，这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。他的父亲是石匠，但爱好音乐。父母都重视对哈代的文化教育。1856年哈代离开学校，给一名建筑师当学徒。1862年前往伦敦，任建筑绘图员，并在伦敦大学进修语言，开始文学创作。,-,11,哈代的文学生涯开始于诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。他的第一部长篇小说计出无奈问世于1871年。成名作是他的第四部小说远离尘嚣（1874）。从此，他放弃建筑职业，致力于小说创作。哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推德伯家的苔丝、无名的裘德、还乡和卡斯特桥市长。诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以及长篇史诗剧列王。哈代的作品反映了资本主义侵入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会经济、政治、道德、风俗等方面的深刻变化以及人民（尤其是妇女）的悲惨命运，揭露了资产阶级道德、法律和宗教的虚伪性。他的作品承上启下，既继承了英国批判现实主义的优秀传统，也为20世纪的英国文学开拓了道路。,-,12,The1stperiod:romanticandpastoralMasterpieces:UndertheGreenTreeFarfromtheMaddingCrowdThe2ndperiod:thesocialtragedyofWessexMasterpieces:TheReturnoftheNativeTheMayorofCasterbridgeThe3rdperiod:thepessimisticfateofthevillagersinWessexMasterpieces:TessoftheDUrbervilles(1891)JudetheObscure(1896),HisMajorWorks,-,13,Earlyworks(描写英国农村的恬静景象和明朗的田园生活)UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872,the1stnovelofcountrylife)绿荫下APairofBlueEyes)一双湛蓝的眼睛(1873)FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874,his1stmasterpiece)远离尘嚣Theturningpoint:TheReturnoftheNative（1878）还乡的出版确立了哈代作为重要作家的地位，也标志着作者开始转向悲剧题材TheMayorofCasterbridge（1886）卡斯特桥市长展示了一场性格悲剧,-,14,ShortstoriesAliciasDiary(1887)ATragedyOfTwoAmbitions(1888)PoetryWessexPoemsandOtherVerses(1898)SatiresofCircumstance(1914)DramaTheDynasts(versedrama),-,15,HisMajorWorks,Hardyhimselfdividedhisnovelsintothreegroups:1)NovelsofCharacter&Environment2)NovelsofRomances&Fantasies3)NovelsofIngenuity,-,16,1.NovelsofCharacterandEnvironment（性格与环境小说）,ThePoorManandtheLady(1867,unpublishedandlost)穷汉与贵妇人UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)绿树荫下FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874)远离尘嚣TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886)卡斯特桥市长TessofthedUrbervilles(1891)德伯家的苔丝JudetheObscure(1895)无名的裘德,-,17,Heexploredtragiccharactersstrugglingagainsttheirpassions&socialcircumstances&sethisfictionsinthesemi-fictionallandofWessexwherehegrewup.,ThisClassisaboutpeoplespursuittohappinessandawarenessoftheirdreams,reflectingtheacuteconflictsbetweenpeopleandtheenvironmentaroundthem.,-,18,2.RomancesandFantasies（传奇与幻想小说）,APairofBlueEyes(1873)一双蓝眼睛TwoonaTower(1882)塔里的两个人TheWell-Beloved(1897)(firstpublishedasaserialfrom1892)心爱的人mainlytalkaboutromanticlovestories.,-,19,3.NovelsofIngenuity（机巧和实验小说）,DesperateRemedies(1871)铤而走险TheHandofEthelberta(1876)埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻ALaodicean(1881)冷漠的人,-,20,Majorworks,UndertheGreenwoodTree,FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874),TheReturnoftheNative(1878),WessexTales(1888),TheWoodlanders(1887),TheMayorofCasterbridge(1886),-,21,Hardystwonovels,TessofthedUrbervilles(1891)andJudetheObscure(1895)arehislastlongfictionworks.ThelastnovelschallengedthesensibilitiesofVictorianreaderswithsituationsthatruffledmanyaVictorianfeather:immoralsex,murder,illegitimatechildren,andtheunmarriedlivingtogether.HeateddebateandcriticismoverthesetwobookshelpedHardydecidethathewouldratherwritepoetry.Infact,sostungwashebythecriticismofhisworksthatHardydidnotwriteanothernovel.,-,22,JudeTheObscure,HardysJudeTheObscure(1895)arousedevenmoredebate.Thestorydramatizedtheconflictbetweencarnalandspirituallife,tracingJudeFawleyslifefromhisboyhoodtohisearlydeath.JudemarriesArabella,butdesertsher.Hefallsinlovewithhiscousin,hypersensitiveSueBridehead,whomarriesthedecayingschoolmaster,Phillotson,inamasochistfit.JudeandSueobtaindivorces,buttheirlifetogetherdeterioratesunderthepressureofpovertyandsocialdisapproval.TheeldestsonofJudeandArabella,agrotesqueboynicknamedFatherTime,killstheirchildrenandhimself.Brokenbytheloss,SuegoesbacktoPhillotson,andJudereturnstoArabella.SoonthereafterJudedies,-,23,TessofTheDUrbervilles,ItcameintoconflictwithVictorianmorality.ItexploredthedarksideofhisfamilyconnectionsinBerkshire.InthestorythepoorvillagergirlTessDurbeyfieldisseducedbythewealthyAlecDUberville.Shebecomespregnantbutthechilddiesininfancy.TessfindsworkasadairymaidonafarmandfallsinlovewithAngelClare,aclergymansson.TheymarrybutwhenTesstellsAngelaboutherpast,hehypocriticallydeserther.TessbecomesAlecsmistress.AngelreturnsfromBrazil,repentinghisharshness,butfindsherlivingwithAlec.TesskillsAlecindesperation,sheisarrestedandhanged.,-,24,TessoftheDUrbervilles-APureWoman,atragiclifeaboutonebeautifulandpuregirlafterdisgraceTess(1891)cameintoconflictwithVictorianmoralityoneofthemostinfluentialworksofHardys,agreatclassicofEnglishliteraturewellreceived,butheavilycriticized,-,25,Maincharacters,Tess,Theoldestdaughterfromapoorfamilywithanobleorigin,Alec,Angel,Ayoungmanwhohatestheoldfa