What引导的名词性从句

What引导的名词性从句what引导的名词性从句在中学教材中出现频率极高，也是高考的重要考点之一，所以由其引导名词性从句的用法应引起我们足够的重视。本文将从以下几个方面来谈谈如何掌握好这一重要语法：一. 要掌握好what在句子中的语义。1. 表示“的人”，相当于the person that。如：He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这样一个人的？2. 表示“的地方”，相当于the place that。如：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。3. 表示“的数目”，相当于the amount/number that。如：Our income is now double what is was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生多达2万人，是解放前的十倍。4.表示“的时间”，相当于 a period of time that After what seemed to be a long time he come to life.5. what的这种特殊含义可以根据句子的意思在翻译时灵活处理，不可千篇一律。例如：The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning. 那朵花的颜色与早晨的不同。（what=the color that）二. 要掌握好what引导名词性从句的类型。1. 宾语从句（用作动词或介词的宾词）。例如：When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. 求职面试时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。2. 主语从句。例如：What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话令每个与会者震惊。3. 表语从句。例如：Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats what it takes to do anything well. 坚定不移是一种品质能使人做好任何事情。Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样（重要）。4. 同位语从句（用在idea, message等名词后）。例如。I have no idea what we should do next. 我不知道下一步我们该干什么。三. 要掌握好what引导的名词性从句的语序问题。What引导的名词性从句不同于what引导的特殊疑问句，不可用疑问句语序而应用陈述语序。例如：These photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片会让你了解我们的村庄是什么样的。四. 要掌握与what有关的题目的解题技巧。1. 通过语境和引导词的含义，区分并确定引导词。例：I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _it was？A. where B. what C. how D. which点拨：根据语境，句子含义应为“我在某本书中读到过，具体是哪本书重要吗”。前一分句已说明是在“书”中读到的，而不是在报纸或杂志上读到的，故排除B项，从而确定正确答案为D项。2. 通过句法分析，根据各引导词的句法功能确定引导词。例：The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that点拨：从句法结构上看，句中介词at需要宾语，系动词was需要主语，而能同时在主、从句中作两种句子成分的关系代词有what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等。从这一点出发，可知本题正确答案为C项。句中what相当于the speed which，句子可直译为“几天前，我哥哥或（弟弟）在街上以我认为是非常危险的速度开车”。通过以上例句及解释我们可以得出：what常用来引导名词性从句，即