儿科学绪论--英--上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院.ppt

儿科学,（pediatrics）,理论课35学时见习课25学时主讲教师8位见习带教教师王廉文钱继红,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学,Thescopeofpediatrics,Keypoints,CharacteristicfeatureofpediatricsStageofchildrenbyageTasksofpediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,Pediatricsisthestudyofgrowthanddevelopmentofthechildfromthegeneticbackgroundandmomentofconceptionthroughadolescence.Itisthescienceandartofprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofthediseasesofchildrenfrombirththroughadolescence,whetherthesedisturbancesbephysical,mental,oremotional.,Thescopeofpediatrics,Themostcharacteristicfeatureofpediatricsisthatitdealswiththegrowthanddevelopmentofthechild,comprisingallthosechangesinsizeandformandincomplexityoffunctionthatconstitutegrowingup.,Thescopeofpediatrics,fetalperiodintrauterinelife:embryonicandfetalperiodfirsttrimesterfirst12wksecondtrimester1328wkthirdtrimester2940wk,Stageofchildrenbyage,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,neonatalperiodafterbirth4wkperinatalperiod28wkofgestation1wkafterbirthinfancy4wk1yrTodlerhood2ndyr3rdyr,Stageofchildrenbyage,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,preschoolage3yr6(7)yrschoolage6（7）yr11(12)yradolescence1112yr-1718yr(femal)1315yr-1921yr(male),Stageofchildrenbyage,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,18yrintotalpopulationofchildrenandadultdevelopedcountries22.4%developingcountries35.7%china30%(UNCF1999)18yr400million(china),儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学Pediatrics,TherearedifferencesforthesevariousagelevelsinFunctionofvariousorgansystem;(2)Degreeofimmunitytodisease;(3)Responsetotheeffectsofdisease;(4)Drugdosagesandtolerancetodrugs;(5)Mentalandmotorability,and(6)Patternofemotionalresponse.,Thescopeofpediatrics,Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,disparityinanatomy,physiology,andimmunologicfunctionbetweenchildrenandadult.theyounger,themoredifferent,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,生后1小时,2岁,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,儿科学Pediatrics,Cardiothoracicratio,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,儿科学Pediatrics,Heartrate,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,nervoussystemKernigsign,BabinskisignsignsofmeningealirriatationneonatalperiodKernigsign,Babinskisign(+)within34mKernigsign(+)within2yrBabinskisign(+),儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,neonatalperiodrootingreflex,Mororeflexinfancyabdominalreflex()possibletendonreflex(),nervoussystemreflex,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinanatomy,physiology,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,disparityinimmunology,age-dependentlabdata,physicalexam,Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,congenitalanomaliesinbornerrorsofmetabolismmorecommoninchildrennewborn,infantsvulnerabletoinfectionsinusitisrareininfancyinfantsvulnerabletoobstructioninrespiratorytract,Disparityinspectrumofdisease,Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,pneumoniabronchialpneumonia,lobarpneumoniavitDdifficiencyrickets(佝偻病),malacosteon(骨软化),Disparityintypeofdisease,Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,diarrheadehydration；feverseizure,Disparityinmanifestationofdisease,Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,hepatomegaly,splenomegalycommonininfancy(anemia,infection),Disparityinoccurrenceandprogressionofdiseasebetweenchildrenandadult,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,ProgressionRecoverydeterioration,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学Pediatrics,Infantmortality1949199920002003Chinacity15%1.18%0.55%rural20%3.7%0.40.7%,DevelopedCountries,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,5yrdeath93%inruralinfantaccountingto80newborndeath65oftotalinfantdeathLeadingdeathcause:pneumonia,asphyxia,prematurity,diarrhea,congenitalanomalies,(2000),儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,BirthdefectisthefirstcauseinnewborndeathIncidenceoftotalbirthdefect3%-5inShanghai0.2-0.3millioncongenitaldefectsseenafterbirtheachyearinChina0.8-1.2millionseveralmonthsoryearsafterbirth,Leadingcausesofdeath,1yr1.perinatalconditionsintrauterinegrowthretardationrespiratorydistresssyndromeintrauterinehypoxia/birthasphyxiabirthtrauma2.congenitalanomalies3.suddeninfantdeathsyndrome4.pneumonia5.gastrointestinaldisorders,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,1yr4yr1.accidentalinjuries2.congenitalanomalies3.malignantneoplasms5yr14yr1.accidentalinjuries2.malignantneoplasms,Leadingcausesofdeath,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,Theyoungareoftenamongthemostvulnerableordisadvantagedinsocietyandtheirneedsrequirespecialattention.1990年首次世界儿童问题首脑会议“儿童生存保护和发展世界宣言”及“推行计划”中国政府相继制定“九十年代中国儿童发展规划纲要及（20012010）中国儿童发展纲要”,儿科学Pediatrics,Thescopeofpediatrics,Genetics,embryology,nutriology,pshychology,Pediatrics(healthcare),Childhealth,education,Socialservices,儿科