交大-硕士英语综合教程2课后答案

硕士英语综合教程 2 Unit 1 Human-based Strategy1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) they value cultural diversity; they are family friendly; they invest in employee training; they empower their employees(2) their employees; Howard Schultz(3) cultural and technical aspects; coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service and interpersonal skills(4) full health and dental coverage, vacation, and participation in the companywide stock plan called Bean Stock(5) selfmanaged work teams; crossfunctional teams2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower(9) superior(10) drop outb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9)C(10) A3. Cloze(1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) Chinas accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Its actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yesmotivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you dont expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and dont be surprised if thats exactly what you get!b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。(2) 如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。(3) 你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。(4) 员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。(5) 只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。 Unit 2 Higher Education1. Reading comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) B b. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) graduate students spend much longer time getting a degree; its hard for them to look for a tenuretrack teaching job at a college or university(2) a president of the Council of Graduate Schools; the system of financing in America(3) that graduate programs have added more strict requirements; that expectations for what a degree holder is supposed to have accomplished have radically increased(4) improve the quality of education; increase the demand for more tenured faculty members over time(5) graduate schools socialize students into believing they cant leave academe or shouldnt2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) recipient(2) apprenticeships(3) dissertation(4) tenure(5) adjunct(6) mentor(7) perpetuate(8) unattainable(9) taint(10) shrunkb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) D(8) A(9) B(10) A3. Cloze(1) limited(2) program(3) in(4) receiving(5) found(6) but(7) between(8) closed(9) While(10) practice(11) grind(12) often(13) among(14) which(15) opportunities(16) enrollment(17) who(18) turn(19) other(20) like 4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Rising oil prices are typically negative for corporate profits since they boost expenses and eat into consumers discretionary income.(2) And it follows from this, Hobbes believes, that the sovereign has the right to decide what opinions, what books, what ideas are conducive to peace and which ones aim simply to stir up war and discontent?(3) Researchers in Germany say that a cancerfighting substance found in hops could be enhanced to brew a special anticancer beer.(4) A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, was supposed to have the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.(5) Bicyclists often ride as though twowheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. (6)The instructor should not rebuke the girl student for her small mistake in front of all classmates. Given that she is inexperienced, she has done a good job. (7) From a broader perspective, higher attrition rate would affect the development of the industry as a whole. So the necessity is to shorten the apprenticeship. (8) I have to level with you because I dont want any misunderstanding between us, so how can you justify spending so much money?2) Translate the following paragraph into English.The errorthe heresyis to think that the entire purpose of education is to get you a better job: that the entire function of an individual life is to make as much money as possible. No one said to me, read Finnegans Wake and youll make a bloody fortune; thats the whole point of reading the damn thing. Its a terrible shame, and I feel horribly sad for the people who must go through it all, carrying the burden of economic expectation rather then the spirit of exploration and adventure. We were all too busy trying to suss out the meaning of life to be sidetracked by such sideissues as careers, until the time came to meet reality head on. That hasnt stopped a number of old university friends from being conspicuously successful. Therefore, the purpose of education is supposed to make you rich, not wealthy.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.比如,英语文学专业一年级和二年级博士生可能不会面对像他们的医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争,但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识,而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文,依据学科的不同,有的可能最终被搁置一旁,就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用,这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的,但也占用了他们的研究时间。三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊,但干这种工作至少是在为取得学位而努力。2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 如今, 越来越多的高等教育机构开设的专业课程, 看上去就像通向诱人工作的捷径: 你可以研究体育或是新闻学, 或是电视, 或是流行音乐, 甚至时尚, 上帝啊。(2) 今天的“可持续性教育”则并不仅限于在本地进行,还拓展到了全世界它是一个由各种合作性项目组成的网络,这个网络超越政治界限,让儿童和成年人都参与进来,使人们的需求与环境相协调。(3) 美国教育的崛起在很大程度上指的是公共教育的兴盛而过去30年里,有一种观点始终在美国的政治舞台上唱主角,那就是政府的所有开支都是在浪费纳税人的钱。(4) 最近我对于教育的目的进行了相当多的思考,因为这周五我的母校布里斯托尔大学将授予我“名誉文学博士”学位, 对此, 我的朋友们, 特别是在大学期间就认识我的朋友们感到既惊讶, 又好笑。(5) 即便没有当前这场经济危机的影响,单就美国难以把那些经济拮据的学生留在学校而言, 人们也完全有理由预见,美国在这类排名中会进一步下滑。 Unit 3 Cyberspace Network1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) A(2) C(3) B(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic email;incompetent, indecisive and confused(2) if the worlds most innovative technology company can not protect its computers from degital aggressions, we can not expect to be protected by the government(3) they have responsibility to povide some hard evidence to support their claims(4) spamming, scamming and identity fraud, which are the inevitable casts of democratizing access to multipurpose technologies(5) not a question of national security but a question of basic government incompetence2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) derail(2) hype(3) spamming(4) nascent(5) simulate (6) parlance(7) weaponry(8) unplug(9) hostage(10) civilians b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) D(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) A(8) C(9) D(10) A3. Cloze(1) attack(2) disruption(3) described(4) assaults(5) traced(6) authorized(7) identified(8) sophistication(9) rogue(10) intrusion(11) demonstrate(12) issue(13) ultimate(14) eventual(15) launch(16) offensive(17) analysis(18) security(19) investigation(20) shined4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind openbut most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything. (2) The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.(3) Theyre so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them.(4) Whats worse, there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within. (5) The change of the governments interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.(6) This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.(7) How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.(8) But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English.According to some media reports recently, the cyberattacks to Google and many American companies seemed to have originated in China. The Chairman of Chinese Internet Association refutes that it was an irresponsible prejudice to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China without thorough investigation,and was therefore absolutely arbitrary. With the rapid development on internet in the globe, it was difficult to determine the origin because of the ease of hiding identities online. The hacker may hide identities, log on the computer of a foreign country and commit cyberattacks to the computers in the third one.However, Chinas information network, as well as many other countries, also faces severe threat of cyber attacks. Chinese government has always attached great importance to the security of the computer network and strengthened international cooperation to crack down on crossborder cyber crimes, as well as enhanced its crackdown through consultation and collaboration with the International Criminal Police Organization. Therefore, it is wholly nonsense to allege on that cyberattacks originated in China judging merely from computer IP address of China.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用？尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求并不容易满足: 在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。在2008年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判，即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 根据最近的一项有关网络功能的民意调查显示,46%的受访者将因特网描述为朋友,43%的人则把它看成是敌人,还有11%的人心里不清楚。(2) 网络能通过减少填写和更新应聘者资料的时间和成本来提高招聘效率,提升评估的有效性,以此来增强搜索公司提供给客户的建议的价值。(3) 设想他们电脑的桌面上有一个图标,能够让他们提醒你一些任务,并且可以用鼠标将具体细节发送给你,这对客户来说将会是多么方便的事啊！(4) 也就是说,一个设计良好的网络招聘程序能用网络来处理数据,每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障碍,因此用人单位可以辨识候选人之间的细微差别,评估他们的优缺点,并且抓住机会推销他们。(5) 这些新聘用的人员很快就被送到高价的培训项目中去学习在线获取应聘者资料的技术远端网络数据挖掘工具然后马上就能投入到工作之中去。Unit 4 Love and Marriage1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing ones status and financial situation(2) that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners(3) get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship)(4) although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a countrys cultural and religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal(5) accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive; accept that marriage should essentially involve a companionable love rather than a romantic one2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) encapsulate(2) proclaim(3) companionable(4) respectability(5) intrinsically (6) justification(7) contractual(8) exclusivity(9) gratifying(10) flexibility b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) C(3) D(4) B(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) C(10) B3. Cloze(1) equation(2) temporarily(3) how(4) back(5) version (6) or(7) problem(8) trap(9) into(10) presents (11) romantic(12) insane(13) let down(14) what(15) last (16) though(17) marketed(18) wooed(19) caring(20) and4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Potential investors exploring more promising areas, such as lowcarbon energy and infrastructure, are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.(2) Fortunately, most managers welcome such initiative, and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility, autonomy, and authority in their jobs.(3) We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system, staff training and hardware maintenance. (4) Although this socalled continuous speechrecognition approach has indeed improved accuracy, it is by no means infallible.(5) This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two contradictory aspects. (6) Actual demand in a particular year, in particular in the private sector, depends on the economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.(7) If you ever need a blood transfusion, its important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.(8) Therefore, the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force, but rather originates from an external pressure.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruderbut as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from himand so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or a homebreaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.现代社会,大多数由于解除婚姻关系所受的惩罚已经取消,而婚姻关系提供的许多鼓励