肺癌研究报告Lung cancer(英文)ppt课件

Lungcancer,1,PPT学习交流,Mainpointer,ClinicalmanifestationDiagnosisprocedureDifferentialdiagnosis,2,PPT学习交流,Malignanttumorsarecancer.Theycaninvadeanddamagenearbyhealthytissuesandorgans.Cancercellscanalsobreakawayfromthetumorandenterthebloodstreamorthelymphaticsystem.Thatishowcancerspreadsandformstumorsinotherpartsofthebody.Thespreadofcanceriscalledmetastasis.,3,PPT学习交流,Definition:Bronchogeniccarcinomaisamalignantneoplasmofthelungarisingfromtheepitheliumofthebronchus.,4,PPT学习交流,LungCancerFacts&FiguresLungcancerisespeciallycommonamongmeninNorthAmerica,Europe,andOceania.Atthemoment,lungcancerratesarehigherthaneverbeforeamongthepeopleofcentralandEasternEurope.InJapan,lungcancerhasincreasedtenfoldinmenandeightfoldinwomensince1950.Inaddition,Chinesewomen,manyofwhomarenonsmokers,haveveryhighlungcancerrates.ThisphenomenonhasbeenassociatedwithexposuretocookingoilvaporsandotherformsofairpollutionintheindoorenvironmentsofChina.,5,PPT学习交流,Thetracheasplitsintorightandleftmainstembronchi.Themainstembronchiarethemajorairpassagesfromthetracheatothelungsandaresimilartothetracheaintissuecomposition.Themainstembronchientereachlungandprogressivelybranchoffintopairedsubdivisionsthroughouttheentireorgan(thetracheobronchialtree).,6,PPT学习交流,Causes,Itisestimatedthattobaccosmokingcauses80%oflungcancerdeathsinmenand75%oflungcancerdeathsinwomen.Themorecigarettesthataresmokedeachdayandtheyoungertheageatwhichsmokingbegan,thegreatertheriskoflungcancer.,7,PPT学习交流,Competingriskfactorssuchassecondhandsmoke,asbestos,radon,occupationalexposures,age,race,sex,andheredityalsomayplayaroleinlungcancerdevelopment(seeLungCancerRiskFactors).Additionally,therearesomestudiessuggestingthatlungcancermaybepreventedbydietarymicronutrientssuchascarotenoids,vitaminC,vitaminE,andselenium.,8,PPT学习交流,EnvironmentalRiskFactorsAlcoholDietandBodyMassNon-modifiableRiskFactorsAgeRaceSex,9,PPT学习交流,Types,squamouscellcarcinoma,squamousepitheliumofthelungsorbronchiadenocarcinoma,canceroftheglandulartissuelargecellcarcinoma,cancercomposedoflarge-sizedcellsbroncho-alveolarcarcinoma,10,PPT学习交流,Non-SmallCellLungCarcinoma(NSCLC),Non-smallcelllungcarcinoma(NSCLC)includessquamouscellcarcinoma,adenocarcinoma,andlargecellcarcinoma.,11,PPT学习交流,SmallCellLungCarcinoma(SCLC),Smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)accountsforapproximately20%ofallprimarylungcancersThehistologicdistinctionbetweennon-smallcelllungcancerandsmallcelllungcancerisextremelyimportant.Therearesubstantialdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsinbothtreatmentandprognosis.,12,PPT学习交流,Symptoms,Peopleoftendecidetovisitthedoctoronlyaftertheyhavebeenbotheredbycertaincomplaintsoveraperiodoftime.Individualswhohavelungcancerfrequentlyexperiencesymptomssuchas:,13,PPT学习交流,CoughShortnessofbreathWheezingChestpainHemoptysis(bloody,coughed-upsputum)LossofappetiteWeightlossPneumonia(inflammationofthelungs),14,PPT学习交流,Othersymptomsthatareassociatedwithlungcancerinclude:,WeaknessChillsSwallowingdifficultiesSpeechdifficultiesorchanges(e.g.,hoarseness)Finger/nailabnormalities(e.g.,clubbing,orovergrowthofthefingertiptissue)Skinpalenessorbluishdiscoloration,15,PPT学习交流,Diagnosis,1.Ifsputumanalysisdoesnotprovideadefinitediagnosis,moretestswillbeneeded.2.Bronchoscopy,avisualexaminationoflungbranchesusingaflexiblescopeperformedbyapulmonologist3.X-ray,16,PPT学习交流,X-RAY,Chestradiograph(X-ray)toseewhetherthereareenlargedlymphnodesinthechestoralocalizedmassinthelungs.CTscan,acomputer-assistedtechniquethatproducescross-sectionalimagesofthebody.Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),17,PPT学习交流,正常胸片,18,PPT学习交流,右肺下叶背段癌,19,PPT学习交流,肺癌胸片,20,PPT学习交流,右肺下叶周围型肺癌楔型切除术（1）,周围型肺癌CT片,21,PPT学习交流,周围型肺癌胸片,22,PPT学习交流,Staging,T=tumorsizeN=nodeinvolvementM=metastasisstatus,23,PPT学习交流,Clickhereforimageenlargement.,胸内淋巴结分布,24,PPT学习交流,Treatment,Asistrueofmanycancers,thetreatmentoflungcancerdependsuponavarietyoffactors.Themostimportantfactorsarethepathologictypeoftumoranditsstage.Oncealungcancerhasbeenstaged,thephysicianandpatientcandiscusstreatmentoptions.Anindividualthenhasabetterideaofthevalueofdifferentformsoftherapy.Otherfactorsthataretakenintoaccountincludethepersonsgeneralhealth,medicalproblemsthatmayaffecttreatment(suchaschemotherapy),andtumorcharacteristics.,25,PPT学习交流,Surgicalresection,orcuttingaway,ofthetumorgenerallyisindicatedfordiseasethathasnotspreadbeyondthelung.Suchresectionmaybeconductedusingavarietyoftechniques.,26,PPT学习交流,Recently,surgeonshavedevelopedotherlessinvasiveproceduresfortheremovaloftumoroustissue.Forexample,video-assistedthoracicsurgery(VATS),usesavideocameratohelpvisualizeandoperateuponthelungwithintheches