商务英语Nonverbal_Communicationppt课件

NonverbalCommunication,NonverbalCommunication,“Whydoesshekeepraisinghervoice?Icanhearherclearly.”“Hekeepsstaringatme.Whatswrong?”“EverytimeImeethim,hewantstoshakemyhand.Why?,NonverbalCommunication,Basics,Content,CulturalImpact,NonverbalCommunication,TheBasicsofNonverbalCommunication,NonverbalCommunication,DefinitionNonverbalCommunicationinvolvesallstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbybothsourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthatpotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.(SamovarandPorter,2004)Simply,NonverbalCommunicationreferstocommunicationwithouttheuseofwords.,NonverbalCommunication,ImportanceCommunicationbetweentwoindividuals:lessthan30%isverbalover70%isnonverbalTolearnaboutpeoplesaffectiveoremotionalstates.Responsibleforfirstimpressions.“Fallinloveinfirstsight.”Theknowledgeofinterculturalnonverbalcommunicationhelpsaninternationalbusiness.,NonverbalCommunication,FunctionReplacingRegulatingConveyingModifyingRepeatingContradictingComplementing,NonverbalCommunication,CategoriesWhenthesamenonverbalcuecarrieswithitverydifferentmeaningindifferentculturesWhendifferentnonverbalcuescarrythesamemeaningindifferentcultures,NonverbalCommunication,CulturalImpactonnonverbalcommunicationClassifications1)Beproducedbythebody:appearance,movement,facialexpressions,eyecontract,touch,smell,paralanguage,silence2)Theindividualscombineswiththesettingspace,time,NonverbalCommunication,BodyMovementPostureThewaypeopleholdtheirbodieswhentheysit,standorwalkConstitutesveryeffectivesignsofapersonsinnerstateandbehavioralexpectationsofothers.Communicatesinformationaboutpeoplessocialstatus,religiouspractices,feelingsofsubmissiveness,anddesirestomaintainsocialdistance.,CulturalImpact,PostureChina:standuptoshowrespectPolynesian:sitdowntoshowrespectSquat:normalpositionforrelaxinginChina,MexicoNorthAmerican:improper,uncivilizedWalkCaribbean:moveasiftheyhadseparatepartsNorthAmerican,French,Spaniards:walkasthoughtheirbodiesareone,BodyMovement,PostureSitMannersArab:sitonthefloorJapan:floor,withlegstuckedunderUnitedStates:crosstheirlegswhileseatedWomencrossattheankleMencrosswithankleonthekneeMiddleEast:sitwithlegscrossedisoffensiveThailand:neverpointlegsinthedirectionofanotherperson,BodyMovement,PostureSubmissivenessJapan:bowingritual1)Thepersonwhooccupiesthelowerstationbeginsthebow,andhisorherbowmustbedeeperthantheotherpersons.Thesuperiordetermineswhenthebowingistobeend.Whentheyareofequalrank,theybeginthebowinthesamemannerandendatthesametime.2)Bowfromthehipwithastraightback,andtheneckremainsstraight.3)Menkeeptheirarmsatthesidewiththehandsextendedatthesideoftheupperlegs.Womenputhandsonthefrontofthethighs.,BodyMovement,PostureSubmissivenessGerman:abowtoandrecognitionofauthority1)Thehipsremainstraight.2)Thebowcomesoutofaloweringofthehead.,BodyMovement,GestureEmblemsorSymbolsVforvictory.IllustratorsPoliceofficershandhelduptostoptraffic.RegulatorsGlancingatyourwatchtosignalthatyouareinahurry.AffectdisplaysOnesfaceturnsredwithembarrassment.,BodyMovement,GestureHandgesture1.Thethumbs-upsignBritain:good,great;hitch-hiking,askingforfreerideChina,Russia,U.S:approvalPersian:highlyoffensive2.ThumbdownU.S,Canada:disapprovalGreece:rude,usedbymotoriststosignaltheirangeroversomeonescrazydriving.,BodyMovement,GestureHandgesture3.TheVsignU.Sandmanycountries:victoryChina,Bulgaria:signalthenumber“two”England,SouthAfrica:acrudeconnotation(i.e.,theVdonewithpalmfacingyourselfandthrustupward),BodyMovement,GestureHandgesture4.ThesinglefingerbeckonU.S,Britain:fingersupturnedandpalmfacethebody,summonsomeone(e.g.awaiter)tocomehereChina:differentgesture,handextendedtowardtheperson,palmopenandfacingdownwithallfingerscrookedYugoslavia,Malaysia:onlyusedforbeckoninganimals,BodyMovement,GestureHandgesture5.TheverticalhornsgestureItaly:aninsultingconnotationBrazil,Venezuela:asignforgoodluckU.S.:serveasasataniccultrecognitionsignsignifyingthedevilshornsUniversityofTexasLonghornfootballteam:apositiveconnotation,BodyMovement,GestureHandgesture6.ThesixsignChina:signalthenumbersixAustralia:timetodrinkup7.GoodlucksignAnglo-American:putmiddlefingerontopofforefingerGerman:maketwofistswiththumbsinsideandpoundingthemonanimaginarytablePortugal:placethethumbbetweentheindexandthethirdfinger,BodyMovement,GestureHeadmovementConveysyesornodifferently.Bulgaria:Nod-no,shake-yesGreeks:jerkheadsbackwitheyesclosedandeyebrowslifted-noMalaya:thrustheadsforward-yes,casteyesdown-noAinuofJapan:notuseheads,buthandstoshowyesornoLoweroneshead:Asiancultures-acceptonesplaceinthehierarchyWesternculture-signifydefeatoruncertaintyWesterncultures:tilttheheadupward-arrogant“Hisnosewasintheair.”,BodyMovement,GestureArmmovementBigarmmovement:intimidatelistener,appearmorepowerfulArab:often,almosteveryspokenwordWavearmsandtouchlistenersoccasionallyUnitedStates:Businessman:poundfistonthetableunderlinehisstatementswithstaccato-likedrummingBusinesswomen:farfewermovementsthanmenJapan:littlemovementBigmovements-invadeothersprivatespacethreatentheharmonyofthegroup,BodyMovement,FacialexpressionsSurprised:openeyeswideandopenmouthsLikesomeone:eyesbeam,smileAngry:frownandnarroweyesSmilingandlaughingIndicate-joy,amusement,embarrassmentUnitedStates:everyonesmilesateveryone-open,friendlyGerman:“Lifeisserveandthereisverylittletosmileabout.”Japan:maskanemotion,avoidansweringquestions,hideembarrassmentWomen-putahandinfrontofmouth,Korean:inappropriateforadultstosmile-shallow,BodyMovement,FacialexpressionsShowingangerVary:intensity,typeofexpressionOlder,men,andauthoritypeopleshowangermorereadilythanyounger,womenandsubordinates.Frowning:anger,doubt,questionofauthority,suspicionShoutingandgesturing:Germans,Canadians,Arabs,Latins,BodyMovement,Eyecontact“Theeyeisthewindowofthesoul.”TolookornotWhentolookHowlongtolookWhoandwhonottolook,CulturalImpact,EyecontactNorthAmericanandnorthernEuropeandirecteyecontact,lookthemintheeyebutnotstareorprolongedeyecontactAfricanAmericalookdownattheground-showrespectChineselowereyesasasignofdeferencesustainedanddirecteye-badmanners,impoliteArabmaintainintenseeyecontactevenwhenwalktogethermoveverycloser,touchthelistener,Eyecontact,Eyecontact,Eyecontact,EyecontactVerydirecteyecontactCanbemisinterpretedashostility,aggressiveness,intrusiveness-Intendedmeaningisappearinginterested.MinimaleyecontactCanbemisinterpretedaslackofinterestorunderstanding,dishonesty,fear,shyness-Intendedmeaningisshowingrespect.Moderateeyecontact,Eyecontact,Touch,CulturalImpact,TouchHand-shakingAfirmhandshakeplusdirecteyecontactisthestandardformofgreetinginEnglishspeakingcountries.America:stepforwardtoshakehands,thenloosengripsquicklyandbacktokeepacertaindistancefromeachother.China:holdhandsatfirst,comeclosertoeachother,sometimeswithhandsstillunloosenedevenforalongtime,Touch,TouchHand-shaking,Touch,TouchHuggingandkissingGerman:seldomembraceThailand:offensivetotouchthehead-sacredChina:seldomhugorkiss-embarrassedMiddleEast:avoidtouchingwiththelefthand-uncleanandisreservedforpersonalhygiene,Touch,SmellbodyodorsMostWest:negativelyArabs:Theydontfeelcomfortableunlesstheycansmelleachother.WhenArabstalktheyenvelopeachotherinbreath.,CulturalImpact,ParalanguageVocalqualifiersVolume,pitch,rhythm,tempo,resonance,toneofthespokenwordsandstress“Iwillgiveyouaraise.”-Implications:“Ihavethepowertodetermineyoursalary.”“Youhaventearnedit.”“Butnobodyelseinthisdepartmentisgettingone.“Butjustone.”“Youdeserveit.”,CulturalImpact,VocalizationSilence-“Silenceisgold.”Agreementordisagreement,lackofinterest,injuredfeelings,orcontempt“Willyoumarryme?”England:silence-uncertaintyJapan:silence-acceptanceIgbo:Denial-continuetostandthereAcceptance-runaway,Paralanguage,Spacela