焊缝目视检验规程.doc

精品Visual Examination Procedure of Welds焊接目视检测规程Prepared by编制Reviewed by审核Approved by批准SIGNDATE1. Purpose目的 This procedure is prepared to define the visual examination flow, technical requirements and acceptance criteria for weld visual examination in the scope of fabricating Cladding Plate undertaken by TLC, and normalize the actual operation carried out by QC Inspector of Quality Department. The welders and welding operators can conduct self-inspection to the welds during fabricating according to this procedure which can also be referred for the training to the welders and welding operators.编制本程序是为明确天力公司制备复层的焊接目视检测工作的检测流程、技术要求以及验收准则，规范质量部QC检验员的实际操作。焊工、焊接操作工在施工中可按照本程序进行焊缝的自检工作，同时本程序可用于对焊工、焊接操作工的培训工作。 2. Extent of Application适用范围 This procedure applies to the weld visual examination on cladding plates and applies to welder qualification test and the visual examination of welding procedure qualification conducted by TLC, including direct and indirect visual examination, without involving the visual examination identified in the examination results via other NDT methods.本程序适用于复层焊缝的目视检测，同时适用于TLC进行的焊工考试及焊接工艺评定的目视，本程序含直接目视检测和间接目视检测，不涉及其它无损检测方法中检验结果辨认的目视检测。 3. References参考文件 AWS B1.112000 Guide for the Visual Examination of WeldsAWS B1.11 - 2000 焊接目视检测指南ASME BPVC Section IX, Rev. 2010+ 2011 addenda，Welding and Brazing QualificationsASME BPVC 第九卷 2010 版+2011 补遗钎焊及焊接资格评定4. Responsibilities and Prerequisite 职责和先决条件4.1 This procedure is prepared and explained under the responsibility of Quality Department, reviewed by Production Department， and issued for execution after it is approved by Technical Manager.本程序由质量部负责编制、解释，生产部审核，并由技术经理批准后发布实施。4.2 QC Inspector shall be responsible for weld examination according to the corresponding laws and regulations, standards or specifications, and obey the rules of TLC.QC 检验员负责按相应法规、标准或规程进行焊接目视检测工作， 并服从TLC管理规定。4.3 QC Inspector engaged in weld visual examination shall be familiar with and master the basic flow of weld visual examination defined in the Guide for the Visual Examination of Welds, AWS B1.11 - 2000.从事焊接目视检测的QC检验员应熟悉并掌握标准 - AWS B1.11 -2000 中所明确的焊接目视检测基本流程。 4.4 The visual examination personnel shall be healthy, and their vision shall be qualified. They shall have an annual vision test to assure natural or corrected near distance acuity such that they are capable of reading standard J-1 letters on standard Jaeger test type charts for near vision. Equivalent near vision tests are acceptable. At least one naked eye or corrected visual acuity is not less than 5.0 in the logarithmic visual acuity chart. And the euchromatopsy shall be normal. The visual examination personnel vision shall be checked once a year.目视检查人员应身体健康,视力检查合格，他们能读出近距离视力典型标准 Jaeger 测 试图表的标准 J-1 字母，对于等效近距离视力测试是可以接受的。至少一只眼睛的 裸视或矫正视力不低于对数视力表中的5.0，色觉正常。目视检查人员的视力应每年检查 一次。 4.5 Machines and tools工具 The detecting machines and tools that may be used in the course of weld visual examination are as follows:焊接目视检测过程中可能采用的检测工具如下：测量工具（如焊缝检验尺、直尺、钢卷尺、高度尺）、放大镜、显微镜、照度计、照相机、温度测量仪器（如测温笔）、人工照明设备（如照明手电）、焊接电流电压测量设备（如多功能钳形电流表）、干湿度测量仪器（如干湿温度计）等。 Measuring tools (such as weld examination ruler, straightedge, retractable steel rule, height gauge), magnifying glasses, microscopes, illuminance meters, camera, temperature measuring instruments (such as temperature chalk), artificial illuminating equipment (including illuminating flashlight), welding current and voltage measuring devices (such as multi-purpose clamp ammeter), dryness and humidity measuring instruments (such as psychrometer) and so on. 4.6 Requirements of surface and zones to be detected被检面、检测区域要求 The surface to be detected shall be free from paint, oil dirt, welding spatter, or other foreign substances obstructing surface detection. The surface preparation will have to contribute to the subsequent NDT. The detecting zone usually also includes the exposed surface with 100% accessibility, including the entire weld surface and adjacent matrix metal surface of 25 mm in width.被检表面应没有油漆、油污、焊接飞溅物，或其它妨碍表面检测的异物，表面准备 还得有助于随后进行的无损检测，检测区域通常还包括 100%可接近的暴露表面，包括整个的焊缝表面和邻近的 25mm 宽的基体金属表面。 4.7 For direct visual examination, make sure that the zone to be detected shall have adequate illuminating conditions, generally with an illumination intensity of at least 160 lx during examination, but without reflective glare affecting the observation, generally with an illumination intensity of no more than 2,000 lx. For the zones that must be carefully observed or where unusual circumstances are found and further observation and study are required, an illumination intensity of at least above 540 lx shall be assured.对于直接目视检测， 应保证检测区域有足够的照明条件， 一般检测时， 至少要有 160lx 的光照强度，但不能有影响观察的刺眼反光，通常光照强度不应大于 2000lx。对于必须 仔细观察或发现异常情况，需要做进一步观察和研究的区域则至少要保证 540lx 以上的 光照强度。6. Detailed Description详细描述 6.1 The specific operation flow of visual inspection目视的具体操作流程 （1）Inspection of work conditions检查工作条件 （2）Confirmation of inspection welds确认受检焊缝（3）Visual inspection of welds焊缝外观检测 （4）Sign on Welding Record Card 在焊接记录卡上签字（5）Prepare VT report出具目视报告6.2 Inspection on welded part size焊接件尺寸检查According to the characteristics of welded part, the scope and content of examination on the welded part size can be those from simple flatness, straightness to complex inspection using the instruments exceeding the normal range of weld examination. Such as width and excess weld metal of weld butt weld, etc.根据焊接件的特征,焊接件尺寸检验的范围和内容可以从简单的平整度、直线度到使用超过焊接检验正常范围仪器的复杂检查。如对接焊缝的焊缝宽度、余高等。The common weld defects include visual defects (undercut, overlap, bad formation, misalignment, concave, burning through, excessive penetration, etc.), crack, pore, slag inclusion, lack of fusion, and incomplete penetration.常见的焊接缺陷包含外观缺陷（咬边、焊瘤、成形不良、错边、凹坑、烧穿、塌陷 等）、裂纹、气孔、夹渣、未熔合、未焊透。6.3 Inspection defect and acceptance requirements检测缺陷合格要求 The welds are mainly butt weld of cladding plate. The inspection standard above-mentioned shall be complied with the technical specification of Contract. If the inspection & acceptance standards are not specified in the above documents，the following are the general inspect items and acceptance criteria，If the acceptance criteria exceed the date in the table，refers to the applicable Codes and Specification.焊缝主要是复层拼焊焊缝，对于焊缝的检验标准，应按照合同的技术协议。当上述文件没有明确规定检验标准时，下述是一般的检测项目和标准。如超出表中规定值时可参照相应标准所规定的验收规范。（1）Excess Weld Metal Dimension check焊缝余高Not less than the base metal and not exceed 1/10T+0.2mm不低于母材且不大于母材厚度的1/10+0.2mm （2）Color of Weld surface焊缝颜色Silver is excellent, faint yellow, golden yellow are allowed, and blue shall not exceed 1/10 length of weld, gray and off-white are not allow.银白色是最好的，允许出现淡黄色、金黄色，蓝色不得超过焊缝总长的1/10，不允许出现灰色和灰白色。（3）Surface Undercut表面咬边The deep of surface undercut exceed 0.8mm is not allowed.咬边深度超过0.8mm是不允许的。（4）Crack 裂纹Any crack is not allowed.任何裂纹均是不允许的。（5）Surface welding porosity表面焊接气孔Any surface welding porosity is not allowed.任何表面焊接气孔均是不允许的。（6）surface lack of fusion表面未熔合Any surface lack of fusion is not allowed.任何表面未熔合均是不允许的。（7）Incomplete Penetration(applies when inside surface is readily accessible)未焊透（仅适用于易于看到的内表面） Incomplete penetration is not allowed.（8）The maximum root surface concavity.( accessible)最大根部表面凹陷（可接近的）Do not exceed 1mm严禁超过1mm（9）The root of the weld shall be inspected，and there shall be no evidence of cracks，incomplete fusion，or inadequate joint penetration.必须检查焊缝根部，且该部位严禁有裂纹，不熔合或者未充分熔透。 6.4 When refer