选修九 4.4Unit 4　Reading.ppt

新课标人教版课件系列,高中英语选修(模块）9-4.4,howmuchdoyouknowaboutplants?,warmingup,doyouknowthat?1.someplantsdonothaveflowers?forexamplepinetrees,cypresstrees,ferns,mushrooms.withtheseplants,theseedsarenotcontainedinsideafruit.floweringplantshaveseedsthatarecontainedinsidefruit.,2.someplantshaverootsthatliveintheair?forexample,mangrovetreesliveinwetconditionsandhaverootsthatgrowupfromthemudintotheairtoabsorboxygen(seepicturea,themangrovetree).otherplantsthathaveaerialrootsareplantssuchassomeferns,someorchidsandclimbersinrainforeststhatusetheirrootstoattachthemselvestootherplants.theirrootsnotonlyattachtheplanttothetreebutalsoabsorbwaterfromtheair(seepictured,thebirdsnestfern).,3.someplantseatmeat?theygettheirfoodfromanimalsbytrappinginsectsthatlandonthem,killingthemandthendigestingtheirbodieswithchemicals.picturebshowsaninsect-eatingplantcalledavenusflytrap.whenthehairsontheleavesaretouchedbyaninsect,thetwopartsoftheleafsnaptogetherandtrapthevictim.,4.someplantsneedanimalstopollinatethem?theyhavedevelopedflowerswithdifferentcharacteristicstoattractparticularanimalpollinatorssuchasbees,flies,butterflies,birds,bats,beetles,andmoths.plantsthatdonothaveflowersneedotherwaysofmakingsurethattheyarepollinated,forexample,corn,grassesandmanytreesdependonthewindorwatertotransportpollenfromoneplanttoanother.,5.someplantsgrowonotherplants?theyusetheirrootstoattachthemselvestoanotherplant.someusetheirrootstoabsorbwaterfromtheair(seepictured).plantslikethisaredifferentfromparasiticplantsthatactuallyliveonanotherplantandgettheirfoodfromthehost.,6.plantsareadaptedtoliveinspecificenvironments?forexample,plantsthatliveinthetropicsareadaptedtolivinginahotwetclimate.picturecshowspalmsthatliveintropicalclimates.plantsthatareusedtocoldconditionscannotnecessarilyliveinhotconditions.,7.peoplebuyplantsthatcomefromothercountriesfortheirgardens?peopletendnottothinkaboutwheretheplantsintheirpotsorgardenscomefrom.infact,manycomefromothercountries,forexample,tulipsfromsoutherneuropeandturkey,carnationsfromsoutherneuropeandgreece,eveningprimrosesfromnorthamerica,daffodilsfromthemediterraneanarea,craneflowerfromsouthafrica,daisiesandvioletsfromeurope,etc.,8.anewplantdoesnotalwaysgrowfromaseed?newplantsoftengrowfromundergroundrootsorstems,forexample,thebamboomakesnewplantsbysendingupnewshootsfromundergroundstems.strawberryplantsandmanygrassesandsomefernssendoutstemsthatrunalongthetopofthegroundandnewplantsgrowalongthesestems.otherplants,likethedaffodil,makenewplantsfrombulbs.newplantscanalsogrowfromstemsthathavebeencutfromaplant.,somespecialplants,doyouhaveacourtyardorsomepotplantsonyourbalcony?doyouknowwheretheseplantscomefrom?aretheychineseplantsordotheycomefromanothercountry?,pre-reading,whenyoulastvisitedapublicgarden,didyoulookattheindividualplantsthere?werethereanyplantsfromothercountries?,howdoyouthinkplantshavetraveledfromonecountrytoanother?,josephbanks1768-1771,drnathanielward,dr.nathanielbagshawward(1791-1868)foranindividualwhoinfluencedthemodernworldsogreatly,surprisinglylittleisknowaboutdr.nathanielward.borninlondon,warddevelopedanearlyinterestinthenaturalworld,despitehisurbansurroundings.itisbelievedhewassenttojamaicawhenhewasthirteen,wherehemayhavedevelopedhisinterestintropicalfoliage.hepractisedasaphysicianintheeastendoflondon(somerecordssuggestthathewasasurgeon)andpursuedhisinterestsinbotanyandentomologyinhissparetime,andwhenonvacationincobham,kent.,thewardiancase,robertfortune(1812-1880)representedthehorticulturalsocietyoflondon(nowtheroyalhorticulturalsociety)asacollectorinchinashortlyafterthetreatyofnanjinghadbroughttheopiumwartoaclose.throughhisuseofthewardiancase,fortunewasabletointroducemanyofthebest-knownchinesegardenplantsintocultivationineuropeandnorthamerica.,prepaulguillaumefarges(1844-1912),prepaulguillaumefarges(1844-1912)frenchmissionaryandnaturalist.bornatmonclar-de-quercy,tarn-et-garonne.hewassenttochinain1867andremainedstationedinnorth-eastsichuanuntil1903.althoughhehadalwaysnurturedaninterestinthelocalfloraandfauna,itwasnotuntil1892thathestartedtocollectherbariumspecimensinearnest.duringtheelevenyearsbeforehemovedsouthtochongqing,hecollectedandpreservedover4,000specimens.,dovetree,ernesthenrywilson(1876-1930),scanthetitleofthereadingpassageandthepictures,thenpredictwhatitisabout?,plantexplorationinthe18thand19thcenturies,reading,mainideathereadingtextisabouttheexplorationforplantsinthe18thand19thcenturies.itgivesexamplesofplantcollectorswhowerewellknownduringthattimeandthechallengesthatfacedthem.,findtheanswerstoquestionslikethefollowing:whatisanexoticplant?aplantthatcomesfromanothercountry.whatwasthenameoflieutenantjamescooksship?theendeavourwhydidjamescookcallthebaywherehisshipstoppedbotanybay?becauseitwasthebaythatjosephbankscollectedmanynewbotanicalspecimens.,whywerethesealedglasscontainerscalledwardiancases?becausetheywerenamedafterthepersonwhoinventedthem-nathanielward.whatwerethenamesofthepeoplementionedinthetextwhocollectedplantsinthe18thand19thcenturies?fatherdincarville,sirjosephbanks,robertfortune,fatherfarges,ehwilson,detailedreading:,trytogetthemainideaofeachparagraph:,para1:,explainswhenplantcollectingbegan.,para2:,describeswhenandwhereplantcollectingbeganonalargescalebyeuropeans.,para3:,talksaboutfrenchcatholicmissionarieswhocollectedplantsinchinainthe18thcentury.,comprehending,para4:,isaboutthefamousbritishplantcollector,sirjosephbanks,whocollectedmanynewplantsinaustralia.,para5:,explainstheproblemsofkeepingplantsaliveonlongtrips.,para6:,describesanexperimentcarriedoutbydrnathanielwardwhoinventedaglasscaseinwhichtotransportplantsonlongjourneys.,para8:,isaboutfatherfarges,afrenchcatholicmissionarywhocollectedplantsinchinainthe19thcentury.,para7:,isaboutrobertfortune,abritishplantcollectorwhomadeseveraltripstochinainthe19thcentury.,para9:,describeshowmanyeuropeanplantcollectors,suchasehwilson,wenttochinasothatnewplantscouldbeintroducedtogardensinthewest.,structures:,parti:,para1-2thebeginningofplantcollecting,partii:,para3-4theexplorationofplantsinthe18thcentury,partiii:,para5-7theinventionanduseofwardiancase,partiv:,para8-9theexplorationofplantsinthe19thcentry,time,people/plants,historicevents,in1500b.c,fatherdincarville,sentshipstogatherplants,animalsandothergoods,thequeenofegypt,inthe1740s,wassenttobeijing,comprehending,treeofheavenseeds,collectedplantsinaustralia,in1784,thetreeofheaventree,in1751,arrivedinengland,in1769,sirjosephbanks,wasintroducedintonorthamerica,in1833,shippedtwocasesofbritishplantstosydney,robertfortune,duringthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,weresenttochinafromfrance,nathanielward,1843-1859,madeseveraltripstochina,manycatholicmissionaries,fatherfarges,collectedalargequantityoftheseedsofthedovetreeinchina,in1897,sentseedsofdovetreefromchinatofrance,in1899,ehwilson,answerthesequestionsingroups.1whywastherealotofplantcollectingintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies?europehadbecomeinterestedinscientificdiscoveryandtheeuropeanmiddleclassestookgreatinterestincollectingnewplantsatthistime.2howdidfrenchmissionariescometobeplantcollectors?theyvaluedthestudyofthenaturalsciencesandmanyofthemknewalotaboutplantsandanimals.,3,3whatweresomeofthenegativeaspectsofplantcollectingexpeditions?negativeaspectsincludeddisease,near-starvation,severeenvironment,conflictswiththelocalpeople,plantsdyingduringlongtripsorseedsfailingtogrowafterlongtrips,pirates,badweather(likethunderstorms),notknowingthelocallanguageandcustoms,etc.4transportingplantsoverlongdistanceswasabigproblem.whywasthis?itwashardtokeepthemaliveduringlongtrips.,5whydidmanyplantsfailtoreachtheirdestinationsalive?canyouthinkofanyotherreasons?itwashardtokeepthemaliveduringlongtrips.theseedsofmanyplantsfailedtogrowafterlongtrip:plantswerenotlookedafterproperlyduringthetrip.forexample,oneplantexplorerlosthisplants,whentheywerewateredwithseawater.otherreasonsincludelackoffreshwater,wrongenvironmentalconditions,forinstance,incorrecttemperatures,saltyair,andlackofsunlightandrain,etc,iftheplantsweretransportedinsidetheshiportrain.6whatimprovedthesurvivalratesofplantstransportedlongdistances?itwastheinventionofthewardiancase.,suggestedanswertoexercise4:,4,2willsellwell,3willgroweasily,2manyvarieties,3growsanywhere,4gardenflower,2forpoorappetite,3easytoprepare,4growsanywhere,disadvantages,treesneedmuchwater,warmthandprotectiononship,cancarryafewbutcostshigh,mustnotdryout,mustseparatevarieties,profitlowforeachbutmanycanbetaken,needspace,mustseparatevarieties,manycanbetaken,profitreasonable,discoveringusefulwordsandexpressionscompletethesentenceswithsuitablewordsorexpressionsfromthetext.1ilovegoingonwalksandlookingatplants.infact,ithinkillstudy_atuniversity.2hespeaksspanishwithgreat_thoughheisnotgoodatwritingit.,learningaboutlanguage,1,botany,fluency,3thepalacewearegoingtovisittomorrow_the19thcentury.4inthecentreoftheblockofflatsthereisasmall_whereicanplantsomeflowers.5therearetoomanycarsontheroads.ithinkthereshouldbe_restrictionsoncarnumbers.,datesbackto,courtyard,tight,completetheparagraphwithnewwordsfromthereadingtext.thethoughtofanothertripofthousandsofmilesonthehighseascertainlydidnot_tome,buttherewasnootherwaytogetthe_tothe_islandsofthepacific.wewereunabletodoanytravelingacrosscountriesasthereweretoomany_bymanyofthegovernmentsandwecouldnotmovefreelyacrossborders.wehadsomany_thattheyhadtobe_packedontheship.therewasnotmuchroomleftforthecrew.,2,appeal,goods,distant,restrictions,containers,tightly,thesecrowdedconditionsresultedinalotof_andseveralfights.however,theworstpartofthetripwassailingthroughawild_,inwhichtheraindidnotstopfortwodays.afterthreemonthsatsea,wefinallyarrivedandloweredthe_intheharborofourdestination.weweredirtyandhadlongbeards,forwehadnofreshwatertowashinandwedidnt_atall.whatasightwewere!,conflicts,thunderstorm,anchor,shave,rewritethesesentencesusingtoorforwiththeindirectobject.1canyougivemeonekiloofripepeaches?canyougiveonekiloofripepeachestome?2sendmeyourreportonirrigationassoonasyouvefinishedit._.,revisingusefulstructures,1,sendyourreportonirrigationtomeassoonasyouhavefinishedit.,3heshowedmetheweedssothatiwouldntpullouthisnewseedlings._.4mycousinbroughtmesomespearsfrompapuanewguinea._._.,heshowedtheweedstomesothatiwouldntpullouthisnewseedlings,mycousinbroughtsomespearsformefrompapuanewguinea,mycousinbroughtsomespearsfrompapuanewguineaforme,5ibuymyfishfreshseaweedeverymonthasitsanimportantpartoftheirdiet._._.6susanhandedhimthestringsohecouldtieupthebox._.,ibuyfreshseaweedformyfisheverymonthasitsanimportantpartoftheirdiet,ibuyfreshseaweedeverymonthformyfishasitsanimportantpartoftheirdiet,susanhandedthestringtohimsohecouldtieupthebox,completethesentencesusingthe-ingformortheinfinitiveoftheverbastheobject.usethewordsinbracketstohelpyou.1barbaralearned_whenherunclecametovisitherfamilylastsummer.(ride/horses)2ienjoy_,thoughidontquiteunderstandwhattheyareabout.(read/cartoons),2,torideahorse,readingthesecartoonsfromforeigncountries,3jimandmandybothdenied_.(see/carkey)4iexpect_thisyear.(spend/holidays/france)5charlieregretted_.(invite/joseph/party)6jackfinallyagreed_.(apologize/brokenspade),havingseen/seeingthecarkey(s),tospendmyholidaysinfrance,havinginvited/inviting,toapologizetousforthebrokenspade,eachsentencebelowcontainsonemistake.findthemistakeandcorrectit.1couldyoubeginbytellingwhatyouweredoingat9:30ontheeveningofthe13thapril?2myparentssuggestedtopostponeourvisittothepyramidsbecausewedidnthaveenoughtimetoseethembeforeweleftegypt.3pleasestopinterruptingtomewhenimexplainingsomething.,3,me,postponing,mewhenim,4inthemorningthehuntershowedmethewayhowtogettothetrackdownthemountain.5headmittedmethathehaddonesomethingwrong.6iwillreportthemthekindofmonumentweareplanningtobuildforthesoldiers.,how,togettheway,to,to,listeninganddiscussingonp.36,usinglanguage,ingroups,lookcarefullyatthephotosoftheplantsandanswerthequestions.1howwouldyoudescribeeachplant?whatdoyouthinkisunusualabouteachplant?2oneofthepicturesshowspitcherplantsandanothershows“livingstones”.whichpictureshowswhichplant?thenameoftheplantintheotherpictureisrafflesia.,1,livingstone,rafflesia,pitcherplants,nowlistentomark,gordonandandreatellingtheirclassabouttheseplants.whichstudenttalksaboutwhichplant?,mark,pitcherplant,livingstonesorlithops,gordon,rafflesiaarnoldii,andrea,unusualplant,th:todaymark,gordonandandreaaregoingtotellusaboutsomeunusualplants.mark,doyouwanttogofirst?m:sure.today,iwanttotalkaboutaninsect-eatingplantcalledapitcherplant.,listeningtext,heresaphotoofit.lookatthisparthere.itsshapedlikeapitcher.itsactuallyaleafeventhoughitlookslikeaflower.itsreallyclever-theinsectsareattractedbythesweetsmellcomingfromwhattheythinkisaflower.butitsatrap.,onceaninsectgoesdownintothepitcher,itcantgetoutastherearesmallhardhairspointingdownwardsthatpreventitfromescaping.intheend,theinsectfallsdownintoapoolofliquidatthebottomofthepitcherandgetsdigestedbytheplant.,s1:thatsamazing!s2:whatfantasticplants!th:gordon.g:thesearetheplantsimgoingtotalkabout.theyreoftencalled“livingstones”,buteventhoughtheydolookabitlikestones,theyareinfactplants.,s3:wow!s4:howinteresting!g:theirscientificnameislithopsandtheycomefromsouthafricaandnambia.thebodyofalithopsisactuallyapairofleavesthathavebecomeroundedlikeastone.thisisbecausethisplantlivesinvery,hotanddryplaces.whentheleavesareshapedlikethis,notmuchwaterislostfromtheplant.anotherinterestingthingaboutthesestrangeplantsisthattheyrethesamecolorandappearanceofthesoilandstonesaroundit.thismakesthemlessobvioustoanimallookingforfood.,th:thanks,gordon.andrea.a:imgoingtotellyouaboutrafflesiaarnoldii,aplantthathasafloweraboutonemetrewide.infact,itsthelargestflowerintheworld.rafflesiaarnoldiidoesnthaveanyleaves,stemsorroots.itdoesntneedthemasitsaparasite.itgetsthisfoodby,livingonanotherplant.youmightthinkthatthisflowershouldsmellwonderfulbutitactuallylooksandsmellslikerottingmeat!s2:oh,yuck!s1:thatsdisgusting!s3:ithinkitsfantastic!,a:metoo.anyway,itattractsinsectsthateatdeadanimalsbutinsteadofgettingafeed,theinsectspickupitspollenandspreadittootherrafflesias,rafflesiaarnoldiigrowsinthejunglesinindonesiabutastheforestsarebeingcutdown,itsbecomingveryrare.th:thanksandreaandthankseveryone.thoseplantsarecertainlyfascinating.,listenagainandcompletethetablewiththecorrectinformation.youmightneedtolistenseveraltimes.,3,pitcherplant,itsshapedlikeapitcher(jug),livingstones(lithops),theylooklikestones,rafflesiaarnoldii,likerottingmeat,likeapitcher,rounded,small(likestones),frominsectsthatfallintothepitcher,fromthesoil,roundwithlargethickpetals(thisinformationisfromthephoto),onemeterwide(thelargestflowerintheworld),fromanotherplant(itisaparasite),shapedlikeapitcher,hotdryplacesinsouthafrica,namibia,roundedlikestones,junglesinpartsofindonesia,doesnthaveleaves,itisbecomingrare,insectsthateatdeadanimals,listentotheotherstudentsreactionstomark,gordonandandreasdescriptionsoftheplants.writedowntheexpressionstheyuse.expressionsofwonder:thatsamazing!whatfantasticplants!wow!howinteresting!ithinkitsfantastic!expressionsofdisgust:oh,yuck!thatsdisgusting!,4,nowlookatthesephotosofunusualthingsinpairs.doyoureactwithdisgustorwonder?usetheexpressionsyouwrotedowninexercise4oranyotherexpressionsyouknowtoexpressyourreaction.,5,writingherearesomenotesaboutrafflesiaarnoldiiintheformofadiagram.usethisdiagramtowriteaparagraphaboutrafflesiaarnoldii,samplewritingrafflesiaarnoldiirafflesiaarnoldiigrowsintherainforestsofsoutheastasia,butduetothedestructionoftheforests,itisbecomingveryrare.ataboutonemetrewide,theflowerofrafflesiaarnoldiiisthelargestflowerintheworld.therafflesiaarnoldiiflowerlooksandsmellslikerottingmeat.thismeansitattractspollinators,suchasfliesandotherinsectsthateatdeadanimals.,however,insteadofgettingafeed,theinsectspickupitspollenandspreadittootherrafflesiaplants.rafflesiaarnoldiidoesnothaveanyleaves,stemsorroots.itdoesnotneedthemasitisaparasiteandsogetsitsfoodfromanotherplant.,readinganddiscussingbeforeyoureadthetextonpage38,haveaquickglanceatit.