如何做presentation( 1)ppt课件

.,EffectivePresentations,演讲,.,Mainpoints,ElementsofapresentationStructureofapresentationTacticsofapresentation,.,演讲是一个双向沟通过程,.,演讲后,.,1.Whatisthepoint?-objectives,Whatmakesagoodpresentation?Listallthethingsyouthinkmakeagoodpresentation.,.,Purposesformakingapresentation,Todemonstrate:aservice,product,system.Tocreate:animage,strategy.Toentertain:colleagues,outsidepeople.Tosell:aconcept,product,idea.Topromote:anattitude,awayofworking.Tosuggest:asolution,anewconcept.,.,Checklist1.Overalla.Doessheconsidertheaudience?b.Doesshehaveaclearobjectiveandstyle(totell,tosell,toamuse)2.Systema.Isherpresentationwellprepared?b.Isthereaclearstructure(beginning,middleandending)?c.Doesshelinkthepartstogetherproperly?,.,d.Isthecontentrelevantandinteresting?e.Hassheconsideredthetiming?3.Deliverya.Doesshespeakclearly?b.Doesshespeakattherightspeedandusingtherightintonations?c.Doessheuseappropriatelanguage?4.Bodylanguagea.Doessheuseherbodytoemphasizemeaning?b.Doesshemaintaineyecontactwithaudience?c.Doessheappearconfidentandpositive?,.,5.Visualaidsa.Arethevisualaidsclear?b.Dotheysupporthermessage?c.Doessheusetheequipmentprofessionally?,.,Organizationofapresentation:IntroductionOutlineMainpartsConclusionReview,.,I.演讲的要素,演讲的三要素：信息、演讲者、听众一、信息信息可以由演讲者与听众共同分享。演讲中的信息，主要是言语信息。二、演讲者演讲者是信息的发源地。演讲者主要以言语传递信息，还用动作、手势、姿态、表情等传递非言语符号的辅助信息。,.,三、听众,听众是什么人目标是什么(一)听众心理的几个特点1听众对信息的接受具有选择性；2听众心理是独立意识与从众心理的矛盾统一；3“名片”效应与“自己人”效应；(二)听众的构成YoursuperiorsYourcolleaguesYourteamAmixedaudienceAhostileaudienceAninternationalaudience,.,在演讲的整个准备过程中，演讲者思想上要一直想着听众；演讲者要列出其对听众了解的清单演讲者要抓住并使听众保持对演讲的兴趣和想象力演讲者要对听众注意力进行再刺激听众容易记住结构形式清楚并得到重复强调的内容演讲者通过听众的耳闻目睹进入听众的记忆,.,（三）目标演讲者应当能用一个短句写下其演说的目标比如：“获得对第34号项目的资金批准认定。”“说服这位顾客购买我们一台电脑。”“告诉我的集体今年公司成果怎样。我们为什么要做得更好。”然后演讲者要判定他(她)是否要尽力向听众传授知识/告知情况施加影响,.,Preparationchecklist,Objectives:Recheckthatyouhavedefinedyourobjectivecorrectly.Structure:Yourpresentationhaveaclearlyidentifiablestructure?Content:Isallsaidthatneedssaying?Sequence:Isitlogical?Arealllinksandsummariesappropriate?Time:Issufficienttimeavailableforallyouwanttosay?Balance:Iseachsectionweightedcorrectly?Checktheprioritiesofyourargumentsandfacts.Conclusion:Doesitmakepeoplesitupandagreewithyou?Isitpunchy?Objectives:Alltheaboveworktowardsachievingyourobjective?,.,II.演讲的结构,I、StructuringapresentationAneffectivepresentationstructureincludes:1.Useaneffectiveopening2.Giveapreview3.Stateyourmainpointsclearly4.Useclearinnersummaryandsignalwordsfortransition5.Useaneffectiveclosing,.,2.Makingastart,1.Whichoftheitemsonthechecklistbelowwouldyouincludeintheintroductionto:a.aninternalpresentationtocolleagues?b.aninternalpresentationtobosses?c.anexternalpresentationtocustomers?d.anexternalpresentationtosuppliers?,.,Checklistyournameandposition/jobtitlethetitle/subjectofyourpresentationthepurposeofyourpresentationthelengthoftimeyouwilltakethemainpartsorpointsyouwillcoveranyvisualaidesyouwillusewhentheaudiencemayaskquestionsahumantouch,.,1.,1.Exercise:Listentothetape(P12)()Internalpresentationtocolleaguesatabudgetmeeting?()externalpresentationtodelegatesataprofessionalconference2.Completethepresentationintroductionwithwordsfromthelist:talkaboutlookatpointsofviewquestionsbrieffinallyhearactasgoalong,.,Goodafternoonandthankyouformakingtheefforttobeherewithustoday.MynamesRachelRawlinsandImresponsibleforpublicaffairs.WhatIdliketodotodayis_ourrecentcorporatecampaign.This_talkwillhopefully_aspringboardfordiscussion.Imgoingto_thecorporatecampaignfrom3_:firstly,thecustomers;secondly,thefinancialinstitutions;and_,theshareholders.Ifyouhaveany_,justinterruptmeasI_.Yourpointofviewmaywellbedifferent,andwedliketo_fromyou.,.,1)UseaneffectiveopeningGoalsTechniquesUsehumorRefertotheunusualRefertothefamiliarUseaudiencemotivationtechniques,.,2)Giveapreview3)StateyourmainpointsclearlyFollowyourpreviewLimityourmainpointsUseexplicittransitionsProvideinternalsummaries4)UseaneffectiveclosingGiveasummaryRefertotheopeningEndwiththeactionstepsRefertoaudiencebenefits,.,表4.1开头实例例1：提问“我想问一下在座的诸位，哪位知道过去24小时里在中国有多少孩子出生?”“我想知道，如果我告诉您，您的计算机在买进时已经过时，您有何感想?”例2：事实陈述“今天，我们市又有30个孩子的父亲因工去世这类死亡本可得到预防!”例3：提及“今天，这里的每一位都记得，当我们听到唐山大地震时的震惊和悲痛。”,.,例4：主题“我今晚要给您讲述令人激动振奋的xR5多用程序，然后告诉您这种电脑将如何改变您的经商方式。”例5：引用“一位伟人说：每个人的经历远远超过他的想像范围。不过，正是经验而不是想象，才影响人的行为。”例6:感染情绪“好心的人们，您只要掏五毛线，就可以使这个孩子活下去，直到下年的收获季节，那时他就可以养活自己。”,.,3Linkingtheparts,Differentwaysoforganizinginformationandideas:,company,money,people,assets,suppliers,cash,product,price,quality,staff,customers,fixed,intangible,mngmt,subordint,costs,Competition,Model1,.,CompanyI.MoneyA.angibleB.cashII.PeopleA.staffa.managementb.subordinatesB.customerC.suppliersIII.ProductA.qualityB.pricea.costspetition,Model2,.,Usetheinformationbelowtoprepareashortpresentation.Typeoftraining:TechnicalManagementTechnicaltrainingInformationtechnology(computers)Objective:tokeepatechnicaledgeoverthecompetitionTrainingforefficiencyTrainingforinnovation95%ofemployeesreceivesometechnicaltrainingManagementtrainingLeadership/teammanagementstrategiesObjective:torunanefficientbusiness3%ofemployeesreceivemanagementtraining,.,4Finishingoff,Signaltoendsummaryinvitationforquestionsrecommendation,.,CompleteJoannaspresentationnotes.Signaltoend_Summary_1._2._3._Recommendation_InvitationforQuestions_,.,Youaregoingtohearthefinalpartof4presentations.Decidewhichpresentationeachextractcomesfrom.Thesalespresentationbyasalesmantoagroupofprospectivecustomers()Thewelcomepresentation()Thenewideapresentation()Themotivationpresentationbypersonneldirectortonewemployees(),.,结尾实例例1：提问“所以，女士们，先生们，我要提请诸位思考一一如果有人告诉您，您正在受到这种疾病的困绕，您有何感想?”例2：提示“今天，在我们的节目里，我要使您认识到，我们需要有更强更专业化的经销活动。而实际上，通过向您展示一个等待我们未开发的巨大市场，我想我已实现了目标。”,.,例3：行动“我的建议已告诉诸位。时间已刻不容缓。如果我们想避免灾难，那就必须立即行动。要想保证公司未来的繁荣，希望各位不要再迟疑，行动起来!”例4：选择“在我看来，我们有三种选择：或者接受工会最后通牒；或者争取时间考虑我们的立场；或者采取最后行动。”例5：灌输忧患“所以，女士们，先生们，如果我们不能在下季度将销售额提高10，并保持这一增长水平一两年，那么我们公司将面临倒闭的危险。”,.,5.Puttingitalltogether,ClassicpresentationstructureIntroductionoutlinemainpartssummaryconclusion,.,AssessmentformforpresentationbeforethepresentationDefinetheaudienceClarifytheobjectives/purposePlanthecontentDesignsuitablevisualaidsControlthelengthFollowaclearstructureSummaryandconclusion,.,DuringthepresentationKeepeyecontactwiththeaudienceDontrush(remembertopause)Articulateclearlyandprojectyourvoice,.,III.Specialspeakingsituations1.ManuscriptspeakingUse“spokenstyle”WriteandeditPreparethemanuscript2.ImpromptuspeakingAnticipateKeepyourremarksshortOrganizeaswellasyoucanRelatetoexperience,.,3.TeampresentationsOrganizeasawholeProvidecontenttransitionsbetweenspeakersUsevisualaidsconsistentlyRehearseanddeliverasagroupAnswerquestionsconsistently4.MediaandtelecommunicationsPreparinginadvanceUsingaudiodevicesBeingoncamera,.,EXERCISE:,Prepareashortpresentationtolastfiveminutes.Youraudienceareyourclassmates,andthesubjectmatterisaboutsomethingthatyouhaveadeepinterestinoraboutwhichyouholdastrongconviction.,.,IV.Therightkindoflanguage,ChecklistEyecontactLanguagecomplexitysentencelengthuseofpauseimpersonalManneropenorclosed?interested?,.,Languagefocus:DeliveryandstyleTempo:varythespeedandpausefromtimetotimeVolume:dontshoutormurmurExpressiveness:varythepitchArticulation:dontrush,beclear,practicekeywordsbeforehand,Sentencelength:avoidreadingStyle:naturalEnglish,nowrittenEnglish,rmalLinkers:guidetheaudience;helpvarythepaceofyourpresentationEmphasizers:exaggeratealittletohelpgetyourmessageacrossmorepersuasively.,.,V.Visualaids,Checklist1.dontusevisualstorepeatwhatyoucansaywithwords.2.dontovercrowdvisualswithtoomuchinformation.3.payattentiontothesizes,fontsandcolorsofthewords.4.payattentiontostructureanddifferencebetweendifferentlevelsofthestructure5.dontreadfromvisuals,.,Makethesesentencestransitive.1.Oursalarieshaveremainedconstantforfiveyears.Thecompany_salariesatthesamelevel.2.Thetemperatureinthebuildinghasfallen.Thecaretaker_thetemperatureinthebuilding.3.Interestrateshaverisenoverthelasttwoweeks.Banks_theirinterestrates.4.Productionhasstayedthesameforsometime.Thecompany_productionatthesamelevel.5.Theaverageagehasdecreasedinthecompany.Recruitingpolicy_theaverageage.,.,Weoftenusenounphrasesinsteadofverbstodescribetrends.Forexample:Priceshaverisenconsiderably.Therehasbeenaconsiderableriseinprice.Changethefollowingsentencestoincludeanounphrase.Themarkethasexpandedslightly.Pricesaregoingtofalldramatically.Ourexportsalescollapsedsuddenly.Salesareincreasingsteadily.Salarieshavedroppedgradually.Profitswillcertainlyrisesignificantly.,.,VI.Bodylanguage,version1version2GeneralappearanceStanceandpostureHandspositionHandsgesturesEyecontactFacialexpressionMovement,.,Underlinetheexpressionsintheseextractswhicharestronglyemphasized.Thesecostcutsaregoingtocauseconsiderablepain.Weneedtodrawupaplanofaction.Ihaveputsomeideasontheboard.Thesearesomeofthemeasureswecouldconsider.Therearebroadlythreeapproaches.First,wecouldacceptthecutsandreducestaffdrastically.Secondly,wecouldfightandhopetoachievesomereductioninthelevelofthecuts.Orthirdly,andthisiswhatIsupport,wecouldputforwardanalternativeproposal.Now,thiswouldmean.,.,Languagefocus:emphasizingandminimizingEmphasizingMpletelyjustentirelyabitfairlyperhapsreasonablytendtoquitetosomeextent,.,Emphasizethemessage.Thishasbeenagoodyear.Wehavehadadifficulttime.Wehaveseenadisastrousdeclineinourprofits.Itwaseasytoachieveourobjectives.Theannouncementwasunexpected.Ivegotsomebadnews.,.,Completethesesentenceswithwordsthatminimizethemessage.We_seethingsdifferently._yourexperienceis_limited._,youreright.But_we_considerthelong-termview.Theres_time._we_discussthisquestionnow.,.,第三节演讲语言的运用技巧一、语言表达的三个基本要求,准确精炼上口入耳形象生动（如“望梅止渴”）比喻（林肯的著名演讲裂开的屋子）引用设问反问排比,Theuseofyourvoice,Isyourvoiceboring?Doyouspeakinamonotone,orvaryyourpitch?Isthespeedofyourdeliveryconstant?Varied?Doyoudropyourvoiceattheendofasentence?Isyourbreathingright?Doyourunoutofbreathinthemiddleofasentence?(Itaprobablytoolongthen!)Howdoyoumakeapointoremphasizeakeyissue?Doyouraiseyourvoice?Doyouspeakmoreslowly?Morequickly?Doyourepeatit?Doyouuselongwords?Shortwords?Longsentences?Why?When?Areyourwordswithinthevocabularyofyouraudience?Dotheyunderstandyou?Afteryournextpresentation,askafriendintheaudienceforconstructivefeedbackontheabovepoints.,.,二、有声语言的运用技巧,声音重音“我请你吃饺子”“我的猫坐在席子上”“我没说他偷了我的书”吐字,.,二、有声语言的运用技巧,语气语调爱的感情：“气徐声柔”，漫和感憎的感情：“气促声硬”，挤压感悲的感情：“气沉声缓”，迟滞感喜的感情：“气满声高”，跳跃感惧的感情：“气提声凝”，紧缩感急的感情：“气短声促”，紧迫感怒的感情：“气粗声重”，震动感疑的感情：“气细声粘”，踌躇感,.,二、有声语言的运用技巧,停顿语法停顿逻辑停顿“养猪大如山老鼠头头死”我们的目的一定要达到我们的目的一定能够达到心理停顿节奏（轻快型，持重型，高扬型，复合型）,Yourbodylanguage,Doyoutalktotheaudience,ortothescreenbehindyou?Doyouactivelyseekeyecontactwithspecificmembersoftheaudience?Doyousw