英语论文写作与发表

EnglishPaperWriting)toseparatethewords.AdoptingStandardAbbreviations,etcStandardabbreviationsarepreferredinthesectionofkeywords.,Unit3Abstract(1),3.1GeneralFunctions3.1.1MiniaturizingtheTextAsashort,concise,andhighlygeneralizedtext,anabstractisviewedasamini-versionoraminiatureofthedocument,summarizingthecontentofthemainbody.,Unit3Abstract(1),3.1GeneralFunctions3.1.1MiniaturizingtheText3.1.2Deciding“Yes”or“No”Theabstractofpaperisimportantbecauseitmaydirectlyinfluencethepapersacceptancetoalearnedjournal:therevieweroreditormaybeperilouslyclosetoafinaljudgmentofthemanuscriptafterreadingtheabstractalone.3.1.3ExpandingtheCirculation,Unit3Abstract(1),3.2LinguisticFeatures3.2.1LimitedLengthNormally,200wordsshouldbeasensiblemaximumforarelativelylongpaperorreport,butnevermorethan500words;50-100wordsmaysufficeforashortarticle.,3.2.2CategoriesofAbstractDescriptive(indicative)Abstractusuallystatesthegeneralsubjectmatterofthedocumentthatfollows.Informational（Informative）Abstracthighlightsthefindingsandresults,brieflybutquantitatively.Informational-indicativeAbstractsisacombinedformthatbearsspecificinformationabouttheprincipalfindingsandresultsandgeneralinformationabouttherestofthedocument.,3.2.3CompleteContentAstatementoftheProblemAstatementoftheproblem(orsubject)isusuallyboileddowntoasinglesentence.AStatementoftheApproachtoSolvingtheProblemThe“approach”maybeananalyticmethod,adesigntechnique,asystemconcept,adeviceimprovement,oratestingscheme,etc.ThePrincipalResultThewritersnewaccomplishmentmaybeatheoreticaloranexperimentalfinding,anewdesignwithsomeimprovedproperties,arecommendedcourseofaction,etc.,3.2.4FormalizedStructureTopicSentence主题句Italwaysgoesstraightforwardlytothesubjectortheproblemandindicatestheprimaryobjectivesofthepaper.SupportingSentencesmainbodyResearchmethods,experimentsprocedures,investigations,calculations,analysis,results,andothersignificantinformationitemwillbeprovided.ConcludingSentence(s)结束语Itanalyzestheresults,explainstheapplication,andpointsoutthesignificanceoftheresearch.,Unit4Abstract(2),4.1“5Steps”forAbstractWriting4.1.1UnderliningKeyWordsandSentences4.1.2ListingEssentialPointsofthePaper4.1.3BoilingdownEachSectiontoaSentenceorTwo4.1.4DraftingtheAbstract4.1.5CheckingtheFinalDraft,Unit4Abstract(2),4.2“5AStrategy”Questionstoanswer:Q1:Whatisthegeneralknowledgeofyourtopicintheacademicfield?Q2:Whatresearchtopicisthepapertofocuson?Q3:Whatmethodormaterialdoyouusetosupportyourmainpointofview?Q4:Whatconclusionwillyoudraw?Q5:Whatisthemaincontributionofthepaper?,Unit5Introduction,5.1GeneralFunction5.1.1IntroducingtheSubject5.1.2LimitingtheResearchScope5.1.3StatingtheGeneralPurpose5.1.4ShowingtheWritingArrangement,5.2StructuralFeatures5.2.1StartingwiththeResearchBackgroundTheresearchbackgroundisusuallygiveninthesectionofintroductionaccomplishedbytherecentdevelopmentinthisfield.5.2.2TransitingtotheExistingProblemAuthorsusuallytransittothemainproblemstobediscussedorweakpointremaininginthepreviousworktobefurtherstudiedand/orimproved.5.2.3FocusingonthePresentResearch,Unit6TextualDevelopment(1),6.1Description6.1.1ObjectiveDescription客观描述Alltherelatedsituationsrequireaprecisedescriptionoftheconditionorprocesseshisresearchinvolves.Tosupplyinformation-tobuildupasaccuratepictureashecanforhisreaders.6.1.2SubjectiveDescription主观描述Asubjectiveorimpressionisticdescriptionaimsnotonlyatconveyingtheactualrecordofsightsandsounds,butalsotheauthorsattitudesandbiasonwhatheisdescribing.,6.1Description6.1.1ObjectiveDescription主观描述6.1.2SubjectiveDescription客观描述6.1.3GeneralRequirementforResearchDescriptionPresentingaPictureoftheObjectIllustratingtheObjectinArtificialLanguageMakingNecessaryComparisonSizingtheObjectSpeciallyLocatingtheObjectCorrectlyGeneralizing/systematizingtheObservationCarefully,6.2LogicalDevelopment6.2.1DevelopingbyChronologicalSequenceTracingthedevelopmentofthetopicfromitsoriginanditsstage-by-stagedevelopment,thewriterthenmakeshisdescriptionthroughhisobservationofthechangeofthetopicwithtime.6.2.2DevelopingbyInvestigationProceduresThedescriptionofinvestigationprocedurecanbetakenasausefulclueforlogicaldevelopment.,6.2LogicalDevelopment6.2.3Developingtheresearch“fromAbstracttoConcrete”Itmeanstheapproachofprovidingconclusivestatementsfirstandspecificsupportingmaterialssecond.6.2.4DevelopingtheResearch“fromConcretetoAbstract”-“inductivemethod”Itisfeaturedbyprovidingsupportingmaterialsfirstandtheconclusivestatementscomeafterthem.6.2.5DevelopingbyUsingOtherLogicalSequencing,Unit7TextualDevelopment(2),7.1TypicalFeaturesofPapersofExperimentalNatureThedescriptionofanexperimentusuallyincludestheexperimentalprocessundertaken,technologyinvolved,materialsused,equipmentintroduced,conditionsprovided,etc.7.2ProcessUndertakenintheExperimentAprofessionalhastopresenttothereaderswhatexperimentorexperimentshehasdoneandwhatisthefindingsinhisexperimentaswellaswhatparticulardetailsormeaningfulanecdoteshehasencounteredintheprocessofhisexperiment.,Unit7TextualDevelopment(2),7.1TypicalFeaturesofPapersofExperimentalNature7.2ProcessUndertakenintheExperimentStartingwithaProcessIntroductionStepsTakentoCompletetheExperimentDetailedApproachesSumming-uporConclusiveIdeasoftheProcess,Unit7TextualDevelopment(2),7.1TypicalFeaturesofPapersofExperimentalNature7.2ProcessUndertakenintheExperiment7.3TechnologyInvolvedintheExperiment7.4MaterialsUsedintheExperiment7.5EquipmentIntroducedintheExperiment,Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusion,8.1SectionofResults8.1.1GeneralFunctionsandContentsofResultsThevalueofaresearchliesinthevalueofitsfinalresultsandtheauthorsinterpretationoftheresults.Intermsofcontent,researchresultsareusuallypresentedtogetherwiththecorrespondinganalysisconcerned.Theauthorshouldpresenttheessentialresultsanddataandthengeneralizethemtoatheoreticalheight.,Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusion,8.1SectionofResults8.1.2WritingRequirementsforResultsAnydatashowninthissectionmustbemeaningful.Thepresentationofresultsshouldbeshortwithoutverbiageandbeofcrystalclarity.,Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusion,8.2SectionofDiscussion8.2.1GeneralFunctionandMainElementsofDiscussionAnalyzingtheDataPointingoutDoubtsExpoundingViewpointsStatingtheSignificanceArrivingataConclusion,8.2.2WritingRequirementsforDiscussionYoushouldsufficientlyanalyzethepresenteddataandpointoutthefactualrelationships.Sincethepurposeoftheprofessionalpaperistoconfirmtheauthorsresearchwork,itisbeneficialforhimtofullyreviewwhathehasdoneinhiswork.Thewriterhastoadmithisweakpointsorfailurefrankly,ifany.Briefandforcefulexpressionsshouldbeusedinthesectionofdiscussion.Keepinmindnevertowritemorewordsthannecessary.,8.3SectionofConclusion8.3.1GeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusionSummingupStatementofConclusionsStatementofRecommendationsGracefulTerminationGracefulterminationisachievedwhenallthematerialsoftheconclusionaresmoothlywoventogetherandsatisfactorilyroundoffthewhole.,8.3SectionofConclusion8.3.2RequirementsforWritingaConclusionBecarefulnottodrawconclusionsfromdatainvolvingerrorsofobservation,errorsinarithmetic,compensatingerrors,systematicandpersonalerrors.Donotusemathematicalformulaswithoutclearlyunderstandingoftheirderivationsandalltheassumptionsinvolved.Becautiousincomparingconclusionsbaseduponexperimentsinwhichtheinfluentialconditionshavebeenimproperlycontrolled,andthereforenotduplicated.,Avoidconfusingfactswithopinionsofinfluences,notonlyintheinvestigationitselfbutalsoinpreparingresultsforpublication.Donotdrawaconclusionfromtoofewdata,ortoobroadaconclusionthatisbasedonextrapolatedcurves.Guardagainstfailingtoqualifyaconclusion,inordertoshowthelimitswithinwhichitapplies,orthevariationwhichistobeexpected.Whenyouindulgeinaspeculation,besuretoremindyourreadertoknowthatitremainsaspeculation.,Unit9Acknowledgments,References,FootnotesandAppendixes,9.1SectionofAcknowledgmentsWritingRequirements:BeingSpecificIngeneral,itshouldonlybeforanydirecthelpinwritingo