关节活动技术

,ROM,RangeofMotion,Rangeofmotionisabasictechnique,usedfortheexaminationofmovement,andforinitiatingmovementintoa,programoftherapeuticintervention.,关节活动技术基本技术,用作运动功能的检查,和作为最早的运动介入治疗,Movementthatisnecessaryto,accomplishfunctionalactivitiescanbe,viewed,initssimplestform,asmuscles,orexternalforcesmovingbonesin,variouspatternsorrangesofmotions.,运动对于完成功能性活动很必要,显而易见，以他最简单的形式，比如肌肉,或是外力引起骨骼活动,以不同的模式或是不同的关节活动度,Whenapersonmoves,theintricate,ntrkt,controlofthemuscleactivitythat,causesorcontrolsthemotioncomes,fromthecentralnervoussystem.,当一个个体在活动时，复杂的,控制对于肌肉活动,引起或是控制运动,来源于中枢神经系统,Bonesmovewithrespecttoeachotherattheconnectingjoints.,骨骼在关节连接处互相之间相对移动,Thestructureofthejoints,aswellas,tissuesthatpassoverthejoints,affectstheamountofmotionthatcan,occurbetweenanytwobones.,theintegrityandflexibilityofthesoft,关节的结构，正如一样,完整性和灵活性,软组织覆盖在关节表面,影响一定数量的运动,可以发生在任意两个骨骼之间,Thefullmotionpossibleiscalledtherangeofmotion(ROM).,全运动活动范围叫做关节活动度,Whenmovingasegmentthroughits,ROM,allstructuresintheregionare,affected:muscles,jointsurfaces,capsules,ligaments,fasciae,vessels,and,nerves.,当在关节活动度范围内进行关节活动时,影响：肌肉、关节面,关节囊，韧带，筋膜，血管，和,神经,在这个区段内所有的结构,ROMactivitiesaremosteasily,describedintermsofjointrangeand,musclerange.,关节活动范围内的活动最,常描述在术语关节活动,肌肉活动,Todescribejointrange,termssuchas,flexion,extension,abduction,adduction,androtationareused.,被用作描述关节活动的术语有：,屈、伸、外展内收,旋转,Rangesofavailablejointmotionare,usuallymeasuredwithagoniometer,andrecordedindegrees.,使用测量量角器,并以度数为计量单位进行记录。,可达到的关节运动活动范围,TYPESOFROMEXERCISES,PassiveROMActiveROMActive-AssistiveROM,Therapeutic,erpjutkn.治疗剂；治疗学家adj.治疗的；治疗学的；有益于健康的thecentralnervoussystemIntegrityntegrtn.完整；正直；诚实；廉正flexibility,fleksibilitin.灵活性；弹性；适应性,softtissuesCapsulekpsjun.胶囊；植蒴果；太空舱；小容器adj.压缩的；概要的vt.压缩；简述,Ligamentligm()ntn.解剖韧带Fasciaefi医筋膜；绷带；饰带goniometer,gnmtn.测角器，仪角度计,flexionflek()nn.弯曲，弯曲状态；弯曲部分extensionksten()n;ek-n.延长；延期；扩大；伸展；电话分机abductionbdknn.诱拐，绑架；诱导外展adductiondknn.引用，引证；内转；内收作用rotationr()te()nn.旋转；循环，轮流,Dialogue,Sayhello打招呼,1、只要是朋友都能用的：Howseverything？一切都好？Whatsup？近况如何？Whatsnew？有什么新鲜事？Whatshappening？在忙什么？2、任何时后都可以用，但比较见外：Howareyou？你好吗？,3、适用于第一次见面：Nicetomeetyou.很高兴见到你。4、适用于曾经见过，但不太熟的人：Nicetoseeyouagain.很高兴再见到你。5、适用于有一阵子没见面的朋友：Howhaveyoubeen？你过得怎么样？6、适用于很久没见的朋友：Longtimenosee.好久不见。,WangDong:Goodmorning.AreyouJamesTaylor?JamesTaylor:Yes,and.WangDong:WelcometoBeijing,PresidentTaylor.ImWangDong,thesecretaryoftheforeignaffairsofficefromChinaBrightAdvertisingCompany.PleasecallmeWang.JamesTaylor:Oh,nicetomeetyou,Wang.WangDong:Nicetomeetyou,too.Howwastheflight?JamesTaylor:ItwasOK,thoughIfeelabittired.WangDong:Wouldyoulikemetohelpyouwiththeluggage?JamesTaylor:Oh,thankyou.WangDong:Pleasefollowmetothegate.Thecompanycariswaitingforyououtside.,Thankyou,D:Hello.howcanIhelpyou?P:Ivebeenexperiencingchestpains.D:Sorrytohearthat.Howlonghaveyoubeenexperiencingthepain?P:Ihavebeeninpainforaweeknow.D:Haveyoubeenexperiencinganyotherdiscomfort?P:yes,shortnessofbreath.D:Onascaleofonetofivehowmuchpainareyouinnow?,P:Hmmm.athreeD:Pleasefilloutthisformandreturnit.Adoctorwillbewithyouin20minutes.,PassiveROM(PROM)ismovementofasegmentwithintheunrestrictedROMthatisproducedentirelybyanexternalforce;thereislittletoornovoluntarymusclecontraction.Theexternalforcemaybefromgravity,amachine,anotherindividual,oranotherpartoftheindividualsownbody.PROMandpassivestretchingarenotsynonymous.,IndicationsforPROM,Intheregionwherethereisacute,inflamedtissue,passivemotionisbeneficial;activemotionwouldbedetrimentaltothehealingprocess.Inflammationafterinjuryorsurgeryusuallylasts2to6days.Whenapatientisnotabletoornotsupposedtoactivelymoveasegmentorsegmentsofthebody,aswhencomatose,paralyzed,oroncompleteb