《应用语言学简介》PPT课件

Appliedlinguistics,应用语言学（乐眉云）第一讲王燕芳,Unit1WhatisAppliedLinguistics?,AbriefhistoryDefinitionandscopeTheroleofappliedlinguisticsTheoreticalbasesThenatureofappliedlinguisticsAppliedlinguisticsandthelanguageteacherDiscussionquestions,Abriefhistory(abroad),In1870PolishlinguistJ.BaudouindeCourtenay（博杜恩德库尔特内）“appliedlinguistics”,thedistinctionbetweenpurelinguisticsandappliedlinguisticsandthepurposeofappliedlinguistics.,inthe1940sIn1946,theUniversityofMichiganfoundedtheEnglishLanguageInstitute.UndertheguidanceofCharlesC.FriesandRobertLado,peopletherestudiedproblemsofteachingEnglishtoforeigners.TheypublishedthefamousjournalLanguageLearning,subtitledJournalofAppliedLinguistics（1949）.Itwasthefirstjournalintheworldtohavethetermappliedlinguisticsinitstitle.,inthe1950sInthe1950s,alongwiththerevolutionbroughtaboutbyChomsky,linguisticsshookoffthefettersofstructuralism.Thispavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthehybriddisciplinessuchassociolinguisticsandpsycholinguistics.,inthe1960sGenerallyspeaking,peoplethoughtthemid-1960swasthedevelopingperiodofappliedlinguistics.In1964,thefirstworldconferenceofAppliedLinguisticswasheldinNancy,France,andtheInternationalAssociationofAppliedLinguisticswassetup.Thismarkedtherecognitionofthestatusofappliedlinguisticsasanindependentdiscipline.,Whydidappliedlinguisticsdevelopsoquickinthe1960s?,Thereare4reasons(Gui,1988:11):Theneedsofpractice.Thedevelopingoflinguisticsitself.Thedevelopingofeducation.Thematurityofappliedlinguistics.,developmentofappliedlinguisticsinChina,Whenappliedlinguisticsdevelopedquicklyabroad,ChinahappenedtoundergotheCulturalRevolution.Notuntilthe10-yearCulturalRevolutionwasoverdidforeignlanguageteachershavechancetostudyappliedlinguistics.However,appliedlinguisticsdevelopsquickly.,In1980,withthejointinitiation,theConferenceofAppliedLinguisticsandEnglishTeachingwasheld.In1985,theInternationalConferenceoftheTeachingofEnglishinChinawasheldinGuangzhouwhichwasjointlyinitiatedbytheResearchAssociationofTheTeachingofEnglishinChinaandGuangzhouForeignLanguageInstitute.Since1978,GuangzhouForeignLanguageInstitutehasbeguntoenrollgraduatesoflinguisticsandappliedlinguistics.,Definitionandscope,Roughlyspeaking,appliedlinguisticsisusingwhatweknowabout(a)language,(b)howitislearnedand(c)howitisused,inordertoachievesomepurposesorsolvesomeproblemsintherealworld.Thosepurposesaremanyandvaried.,Asappliedlinguisticsisacomparativelynewdiscipline,thereisyetnoconsensusofopinionsastowhatitsdefinitionisandhowwideitsscopeshouldbe.However,thedifferentviewsonitsdefinitionandscopefallintothreegeneralcategories:,1)Thenarrowview:ThisisrepresentedbyR.L.Politzer,whodiscussesappliedlinguisticswithparticularreferencetoforeignlanguageteaching.Henotesthatappliedlinguisticsinforeignlanguageteachingrequirestheuseoflinguisticstoformulateassumptions.“Appliedlinguistics”hesays,“isultimatelyahabit,awayofusinglinguisticconceptualizationtodefineandsolvepedagogicalproblems”,Thebroadview:ThisisrepresentedbyDavidCrystal(1981)andL.Pap(1972)saysthatappliedlinguistics“mayineffectbeconsideredasacrossroad,aninterdisciplinaryarea,acombinationoflinguisticswithpsychology,pedagogy,mathematics,electronics,politicalscience,andsoforth.”Inthebroadview,therefore,“anydefinableareaofhumanendeavor”towhich“theinvestigationofthetheories,methodsandempiricalfindingsoflinguisticscouldbeapplied”fallsintothescopeofappliedlinguistics.,Themoderateview:ThisisrepresentedbyJ.Richardetal(1985),whocompiledLongmanDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics.Accordingtothem,appliedlinguisticsrefersto“appliedlinguisticsoflanguageteaching”,ratherthantothebroaderapplicationsoflanguagestudyinsuchareaasmedicine,law,stylistics,languageplanningordictionarycompilation.,Theysay,“ingeneralusage,thetermreferstothestudyoflanguageteachingandlearning”.Intheirview,thecontentandsubjectmatteroftheappliedlinguisticsoflanguageteachingandlearninggenerallyincludethefollowingareasofstudy:,1.introductorylinguistics,includingphonology,phonetics,syntax,morphologyandsemantics2.Englishgrammar(orthegrammarofthelanguagethestudentisspecializingin)3.discourseanalysis4.sociolinguistics,includingthesociologyoflanguageandcommunicativecompetence5.psycholinguistics,includingfirstandsecondlanguageacquisitionSLA,contrastiveanalysis,erroranalysisandlearningtheories,6.theteachingoflistening,speaking,readingandwriting7.themethodologyoflanguageteaching,includingmethods,courseandsyllabusdesign8.languagetestingandbasicstatistics,Theroleofappliedlinguistics,Linguistics,etc,Appliedlinguistics,Languageteaching,etc,Theoreticalbases,Generallyspeaking,applieddisciplineisjustthecounterpartoftheoreticaldiscipline.Theapplieddisciplinereferstotheonewhichappliesthetheory,rules,principles,methodandfindingsofthetheoreticaldisciplineintothefieldotherthanthistheoreticalfieldofitsown.Forexample,theappliedmathematics,appliedphysicsbelongtothiscategory.But,appliedlinguisticsisnotso.,Ithasitsowncharacteristics:,a)Whatappliedlinguisticsappliesisnotjusttheories,butalsothedescriptionoflanguage.Forexample,thedescriptionofsoundscanbeusedtoteachingphoneticsandcreatingcomputerlanguage.b)Whatappliedlinguisticsappliesisneitherjustlinguistics.Inlanguageteachingandresearch,peoplealsousepsychology,educationaltheory,statisticsandetc.c)Thefieldsappliedlinguisticsisappliedintoaremostlyrelatedtolanguage.Itwillnotappliedintotheareaslikethemachinemanufacturing,textile,chemicalindustryandsoon.,Thenatureofappliedlinguistics,Appliedlinguisticshasthefollowingcharacteristicfeatures:1)Itisanindependentdisciplineinitsownright.2)Itisaninterdisciplinaryscience.3)Itisanappliedscience.4)Itisanempiricalscience.,TheearlyonesareBloomfieldandCharlesC.Frieswhowereinvolvedinspecializedlanguage-teachingprogramsduringandimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWar,othersareS.PitCorderinEdinburghUniversity,JackRichard,GuiShichuninGuangWai),Appliedlinguisticsandlanguageteacher,Appliedlinguisticsaimstoprovidelan