研究生英语综合教程2.ppt

高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE,2,UNIT2,ARTOFTHETABLE,ObjectivesofUnit2,TounderstandculinarydelightsinChina（中国美食）inReadingFocus.TointroducesomeChinesedishesandtellthestoriesabouttheirnames.TounderstandFrenchcuisineskwzi:n美食andthefactorsthatcausedthedeclineofFrenchcuisineinReadingMore.Totranslateattributiveclauses(2).Tograspsomeimportantwordsandphrases,includingtheonesofChinesedietaryculture.,Chinesecuisine（中国美食）originatedfromvariousregionsofChinaandhasbecomewidespreadinmanypartsoftheworld.TherearegreatculturaldifferencesamongthedifferentregionsofChina,givingrisetothedifferentstylesoffood.Traditionally,thereareeightmainregionalcuisinesorEightCuisines(八大菜系）comingfromAnhui（徽）,Guangdong(粤）,Fujian（闽）,Hunan（湘）,Jiangsu（苏）,Shandong（鲁）,Sichuan（川）andZhejiang（浙）provinces.TakeSichuancuisineasanexample,weusemanyspices（调味品）,forexample,Chinesepricklyashseeds(花椒）andchilipepper/powder（辣椒粉）tomakedishesveryspicy（香辣的）andflavorful.,Startingout,Chinesespices调味品,CookingwineVinegarSoysauceChilipepper/powderPricklyashseedSesamesesmioil,料酒醋酱油辣椒粉花椒香油,Chinesecookingmethods,boilsteamfryfryfrystew（文火炖）braise（炖，焖）simmer（慢慢煮，煨）,煮蒸煎炒炸炖,Chinesecookingmethods,braise,stew,simmer的区别：braise炖，用于大块食材，液体不完全cover。例如：红烧蹄膀/肘子braisedtendontendnwithbrownsaucestew文火炖，跟braise接近，食材小，液体全cover。例如：红烧肉stewedporkwithbrownsaucesimmer煨1.慢慢地沸腾，使（液体）的温度维持在沸点或稍低于沸点的温度;2.用在熬汤，就是用汤在煮食材，把食材的味道熬进汤里。,烧饼Clayovenrolls/sesameseedcake,TraditionalChineseFood,油条Friedbreadstick,TraditionalChineseFood,豆浆Soybeanmilk,TraditionalChineseFood,臭豆腐Stinky（smelly）tofu,TraditionalChineseFood,火锅Hotpot,TraditionalChineseFood,皮蛋lime-preservedegg/Chinesepreservedegg/preservedduckegg,TraditionalChineseFood,饺子boileddumpling,包子steameddumpling,TraditionalChineseFood,Howisitprepared?,Procedure:Thecorrectorder?A.RolldoughintoroundpiecesofwrappingB.Boil,steam,fryC.Kneaddoughd（揉面）D.WrapfillingsupE.Putmeatoreggs,vegetablesandspicestogetherOrder:C-E-A-D-B,CulinaryDelightsinChina,ReadingFocus,ReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding,(Paras.2-5),(Paras.6-11),(Paras.12-15),Introduction(Para.1):popularity,GroupDiscussionandReport,G1-paras.2evenif;eventhough尽管，即使；纵然e.g.apeaceful,albeitbriefretirement虽然短暂但却很平静的退休生活,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,2.FromtheNapaValleytotheThamesandTokyo,non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.(Para.4)Paraphrase:CooksfromotherpartsoftheworldhavelearnedthehighlightsoftheFrenchcuisine.crack:(v.)tosolveacomplicatedproblem,ortofindtheanswertoamystery解决(难题)；解开(秘密)e.g.Detectivesbelievetheycancrackthecase.侦探们相信他们可以破这个案子。,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,3.TheyhavebecomeensnaredintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous.(Para.5)ensnare:(v.)toentangleorcatchin(orasifin)ameshnete.g.Parkrangersfoundthreedeerthathadbecomeensnaredintraps.公园管理员找到了3只被困在陷阱里的鹿。ensnaredintoalovelessrelationship受骗而陷入一种没有爱的关系之中infamous:wellknownforsomethingbade.g.aninfamouscriminal臭名昭著的罪犯,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,4.ButtherealparadoxofFrenchcookinginFrance,atleastisthatartisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.(Para.7)paradox:situationorideathatisstrangebecauseithasfeaturesorqualitiesthatyouwouldnotexpecttoexisttogether自相矛盾的情况；似非而是的说法；悖论e.g.theparadoxofpeoplewiththebestqualificationsnotbeingabletogetjobs高学历的人无法找到工作的怪事spelltrouble/disaster/dangeretc:ifasituationoractionspellstroubleetc,itmakesyouexpecttroubleetc:e.g.1)Thelackofraincouldspelldisasterforfarmers.2)Thesechangesspellruinforthecompany.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,5.IftheFrenchwereunderthesamefiscalregimeastheUnitedStates,wedbeabletocreatetwiceasmanyjobs.(Para.8)regime:(n.)1)aparticularsystemofgovernmentormanagement,itary/totalitarian/fascistregime;brutal/oppressive/corruptregime2)aparticularsystem,usedespeciallywhentalkingaboutaprevioussystem,oronethathasjustbeenintroducede.g.Underthenewregime,allsheepandcattlewillberegularlytestedfordisease.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,6.Manysmallfarmersandrestaurateursseemtobefightingarearguardactionjusttosurvive.(Para.11)fightingarearguardaction:tomakeadeterminedefforttopreventachangethatyouthinkisbad,althoughitseemstoolatetostopite.g.1)Theyhavebeenfightingarearguardactiontostopasupermarketbeingbuiltontheland.2)Hefoughtastubbornrearguardactionagainstpoliticalreform.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,7.TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.(Para.12)plague:(v.)tocausecontinualdiscomfort,suffering,ortroubletosomeonee.g.1)Hehasbeenplaguingmewithsillyquestions.2)Financialproblemscontinuedtoplaguethecompany.,ReadingMoreLanguagePoint,Choosetheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.(P56),ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-,A,A,D,B,A,B,C,A,A,B,Task1,Task2,e.g.Artisticsuccessoftenspellsbusinessdisaster.“Spell”meansindicate/signifyinthesentence.,Englishwordsassumedifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthecontext.(P57),ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,1.Thecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarket,infact,drawsdirectlyonglobalization.“congenial”means_inthesentence.2.Non-FrenchcookshavecrackedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.“crack”means_inthesentence.,pleasant,understand,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,3.AttheannualagriculturalfairinParisthisspring,visitorsnotonlyenjoyedsippingwines,butoliveoils.“fair”means_inthesentence.4.Oliveoilsonealittlenutty,anotherquitefruity,someofthem,oneistemptedtosay,justalittleimpudent.“impudent”means_inthesentence.,aneventinwhichpeopleorbusinessesshoworselltheirproducts,cheeky,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,5.Considerthevalue-addedtaxesthatwere“harmonized”alloverEuropeduringthe1990s.“harmonized”means_inthesentence.6.Theypenalizesit-downrestaurants,whetherhumblebistrosorhautecuisine.“humble”means_inthesentence.,unified,modestorunpretentious,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,7.TheCAPissupposedtobenefitsmallfarmers,keepthemonthelandandthusnurturetheterroirthatgivesFrenchcookingitssoul.“nurture”means_inthesentence.8.TheproblemsafflictingFrenchcuisineareemblematicofthosethatplaguetheeconomyasawhole.“afflict”means_inthesentence.“plague”means_inthesentence.,cherish,causepainorsuffer,annoy/trouble,ReadingMoreVocabularyinAction,9.LikeFrenchcuisine,theFrencheconomystillholdstheoccasionalsurprise.“hold”means_inthesentence.10.Butthebasicproblemsofbureaucracy,taxesandsocialreluctancetochangeremainaburdenforeveryone.“reluctance”means_inthesentence.,have,unwillingness,PracticalTranslation,定语从句在句中充当定语，修饰某一名词或代词。引导定语从句的关联词可以是关系代词（如who,which,that）和关系副词（如when,where,as）。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。,定语从句的翻译:在英译汉中，定语从句的处理办法一般用前置法、后置法、融合法和转换法等。1.前置法把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。2.后置法有时定语从句可视上下文将其译成独立的句子或与主句并列的分句，放在被修饰词的后面。,定语从句的翻译（1）,1.Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps.我们往往可以从一个人所阅读的书以及所交往的朋友去看他的为人。2.Butifyouputdownabookyoudontlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime.但是如果你把自己觉得没劲的书放下另换别的，直到发现一本你认为有意思的书，然后轻松地读下去，那么几乎可以肯定你会感到很快活的。,定语从句“hereads”，“hekeeps”分别被译成带“的”的短语“所阅读的”，“所交往的”放在中心词前面。,这又是一个定语从句译成带“的”的短语放在中心词前面的例子。,3.Peoplearestilltalkingaboutthehistoriceventsofseveralyearsago,whenmantookhisfirstwalkinspace.人们仍然在谈论几年前的历史性事件，那时人类首次进行了太空行走。4.Theyarelookingforacitywherethestandardoflivingishighandthecostoflivingislow.他们要寻找一座城市，在那里生活水准高，但是生活成本低。5.Theyactmostlyonsuggestionsfrompresentmembers,ofwhomfourarewomen.他们大多听从现在成员的建议行事，这些成员中有4人是女性。,非限制性定语从句译成短句放在被修饰词“几年前”后面，译文表达清晰流畅。,这里，where引导的定语从句较长，放在中心词“city”后面，符合汉语表达习惯。,非限制性定语从句处理成单句放在中心词后面，使译文顺畅。,1.融合法融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是therebe结构带有定语从句的句型。,定语从句的翻译（2）,原句中的主句部分thereisaman翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,1)Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。,2)Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。3)BeingOKwithriskissomethingthatindustrydemands.企业要求员工能承受风险。,原句中的主句部分therearemanypeople翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,与其将从句处理成带“的”的前置定语“接受风险是企业要求的东西”，或是后置的分句“承受风险，那是企业要求的”，都没有将主从句相融合译得更简洁紧凑。,2转换法有些定语从句从形式上看是定语从句，但从意义上分析却具有状语从句的性质和功能。翻译时应分析原文主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，然后译成相应的分句。,1)Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。2)Imetyourmother,whowasdoingshoppingatthesupermarket.你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。,上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的条件状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的时间状语从句。,3)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。4)Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument.为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。5)Icouldnotrecognizeher,whohadchangedsomuchinthepast10years.我几乎认不出她了，因为在过去10年中，她变得太多了。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的让步状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的目的状语从句。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的原因状语从句。,Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.OnefamousdishisWestLakeVinegarFish,whichlooksprettyandhasthedelicaterefreshingflavorsofnature.ManyChineserestaurantsinChina,aswellasotherpartsoftheworld,servethisdish,butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.,TranslationforReference:浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜,这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正,因为只有杭州拥有来