《如何写论文》PPT课件

HowtoWritePapers,CharlesLing,ChalresLing,PaperWritingSeries,Today:FoundationofWritingGoodPapersFuturetalksbyYaqin,Harry,andHongjiangPotentialtopicsHowtowritesurveypapersHowtointegrateresearchandpaperwritingBescientificallyrigorbutnotoffensiveStatisticaltestsforempiricalexperimentsHowreviewersacceptandrejectpapersSentences:templatesandorganizationProfessionalwriting:wordstouseandnotCommonmistakes/problemsChineseoftenmake,ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,ImportanceofWritingSkills,PublishingpapersiscriticalforresearchersPublishingishardLowacceptancerateCompetingwithgoodpapersReviewersarepotentialcompetitors,ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,WhatMakesaGoodPaper,Goodpaper=goodcontent+writingskillsContentandresults:yourjobWritingskills:Structure,flow,argument,Logical,clear,succinct,consistent,EnglishStandardmustbehighYourbesteffortsComparedwithothers,yoursisgood/bestDontfoolwiththereviewers!,ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,WhyIsIthard?,Whoareourreaders/reviewersDifferencesbetweenthoughtandlanguageWearethe“salesperson”Revisions:neverbeperfectOurEnglishisbad,butNothingcanreplaceexperience,but,ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:InReadersShoes,Youknowyourwork,butnotyourreaders!Reviewers/Readers:inthesamebroadarea,buthavenotworkedonyourproblemsDefineterms,writeaboutmotivationandrationales,posepotentialquestionsandanswerthemyourselfWhatareyourcontributions?Showyourelegance?Dont!Unlessforpuremath,orwhenyouarereallyfamous,ChalresLing,AReviewersComments,ThispaperattemptstoexplainthesuccessofNaiveBayesclassifiersbyshowingthatUnfortunately,thispaperwasextremelydifficulttofollow.Infact,ittookseveralreadingsbeforeIevenunderstoodthepapersbasicclaims.Thepapershouldhavestated,atthebeginning,thatitisfocusingontherepresentational(asopposedtolearnability)issue:Itwouldalsohavebeenusefultoconnectthisnotationwithsomethingpractical-forexample,Theargumentsandproofsweredifficulttofollow.Theywouldprobablyhavebeeneasierifthepaperhadfirstoutlinedtheirstructure,beforegivingthedetails.,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:WhatReviewersWant,AAAIReviewers(partial)checklist:Doesthepaperintroduceanewproblemorprovideanewsolutiontoanexistingone?Whatisthemainresultofthepaper?Istheresultsignificant?Isthepapertechnicallysound?Doesthepaperprovideanassessmentofthestrengthsandlimitationsofthetechniques/result?IsthepaperclearlywrittensoastoaccessibletomostAIresearchers?Doesthepaperreferenceappropriaterelatedwork?Shouldthepaperbenominatedforaprize?,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:NotetheDifference,Difference1:Outliningvsdetails,Solutions:Introductory/summarysentencesAppendixandfootnotesto“hide”details,IntroductionPreviousWorkOurNewMethodsAlgorithmComplexityComparisonsConclusionsReferences,Thistypeofengineusesarobotorapider(theresanarcanedifferencebetweenthetwothatisntveryinteresting)whichconstantlyroamstheWorldWideWebsearchingforneworupdatedpages(whatawonderfuljobeh?)Whentherobotvisitsapageitreadsthewholething,includinganysub-pagesonthesameserverconnectedtothepageitsreading,thenitvisitsalltheexternallinksonthepagesitsread.andsoon,yougettheidea.Arobotcanonlyfollowlinks.Itfindspagesintwoways:byvisitingpagesitsbeentoldabout(ie.onitssubmissionform)orbyfollowinglinksfromotherpages.So,ifyourpageisntlinkedfromanywhereelseandyouhaventregisteredit,theresnowayitlleverbefound?itllbeinvisible.Youcanactuallyensurethatmostofthedeepenginesdontindexyourpagesbyusingspecialnofollow,ChalresLing,1.IntroductionThepaperisorganizedasfollows:InSection2,wewillreview2.ReviewofPreviousWorkLearningfromnoisydatahasbeenextensivelystudiedpreviously,andcanbecategorizedintoseveralclasses.Inthefirstclass,entropymethodisused.Inthesecondclass,Mostentropy-basedmethodsassumeInsum,mostpreviouswork3.AugmentedNaveBayesInthissection,wewilldiscussanimprovedversionofNaveBayes.Wewillfirstintroducedefinitionandmotivations.Wewillthendescribeourimprovedalgorithm,andgiveaproofofitscomplexity.Finally,3.1NotationsandDefinitions(Iammakingapointhere;atrickybalance),ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:NotetheDifference,Difference2:non-linearvslinearprocess,Solutions:UseillustrationandflowchartUseconnectingwords,A3,(A1)Thistypeofengineusesarobotorspider(theresanarcanedifferencebetweenthetwothatisntveryinteresting)whichconstantlyroamstheWorldWideWebsearchingforneworupdatedpages(whatawonderfuljobeh?)(A2)Whentherobotvisitsapageitreadsthewholething,includinganysub-pagesonthesameserverconnectedtothepageitsreading,thenitvisitsalltheexternallinksonthepagesitsread.andsoon,yougettheidea.Arobotcanonlyfollowlinks.(A3)Itfindspagesintwoways:byvisitingpagesitsbeentoldabout(ie.onitssubmissionform)orbyfollowinglinksfromotherpages.(B1)So,ifyourpageisntlinkedfromanywhereelseandyouhaventregisteredit,theresnowayitlleverbefound?itllbeinvisible.Youcanactuallyensurethatmostofthedeepenginesdontindexyourpagesbyusingspecialnofollow,ChalresLing,AlgorithmXhastwocomponents:A1andB1.A1isanimprovedversionof,whichis,inturn,supportedbyA2.WewilldescribeXsfirstcomponentintheorderofA1,A2,andA3.Afterwards,wediscussB1andB2indetails.A1A2A3RecallthatXconsistsofA1andB1,andwehavealreadydescribedAindetails.WewillnowexplainBindetailbelow.B1B2,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:SellOurWork,UnlessitisaninvitedpaperPurposedriven:debating:whyarewegoodLogicalflow,ProblemXisimportantPreviousworkA,B,havebeenstudiedA,BhavecertainweaknessWeproposeournewmethodDExperimentwithD,comparewithA,BDisbetterthanA,B(rigorouslytested)WhyisDbetter?WhydidntE,Fwork?StrengthsandweaknessesofDFutureworkofD,Simplestisbest:conveymeaningsProfessional:nocarelessmistakesProof-readingProperuseofwords,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:Revisions,ItistedioustoreadownpaperItishardtofindownmistakesAlotofeffortsforsmall,lastimprovementSolutionsLetyourpapersit(2x53times,total5times,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:English,Myth:MyEnglishisweak,soIhaveexcuseStructureandlogic:muchmoreimportantYourrole;proof-readerwonthelpmuchSolutions:Top-downorganization,outline,logic,flowUseothergoodpapersas“sample”Use“cheap”Englishproof-reader,ChalresLing,HowtoImprove:Experience,ItdoestakealotofeffortstoimproveDraft,revision,revision,revision,WritemanypaperstolearnButtherearewaystospeedupThislectureseriesBooksRecordyourownmistakes;eliminatethem!Thinkaboutwriting:30%;writing:70%,ChalresLing,Solutions-WhyIsIthard?,Whoareourreaders/reviewersDifferencesbetweenthoughtandlanguageWearethe“salesperson”Revisions:neverbeperfectOurEnglishisbad,butNothingcanreplaceexperience,but,ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,A“Template”forGoodPapers,AbstractIntroductionReviewofPreviousWorkOurWorkExperimentsandComparisons(RelationtoPreviousWork)ConclusionsReferencesOthers(Appendix,footnotes,etc.),ChalresLing,ProcessofWritingaPaper,(Myownexperience)Top-downrefinementA3-4leveloutline,adjustmanytimesStartonIntroduction,PreviousWork,.Last:Summary,Abstract,(rethink)Title,ChalresLing,Template-Abstract,Purpose:SummaryofyourworkandcontributionsStyleWhatistheproblemWhatisyoursolutionandresults(example;note:left-clickonexamplefigurestogetback),ChalresLing,Template-Introduction,Purpose:Background,outlineofyourpaperStyleProblemXisimportantPreviousworkA,B,havebeenstudiedA,Bhavecertainweakness(becarefulhere)WeproposeD,featuresofD(howmuch)ExperimentwithD,comparedwithA,BDisbetterthanA,B(incertainaspects)Outlineofthepaper;example,ChalresLing,Template:PreviousWork,Purpose:drawthedifferencesStylePreviouswork:maysplittoseveralclasses,e.g.CanrevieweachworkinoneorseveralsentencesComparetoyours(refertolatersections)MayalsoputitaftersectionsaboutyourworkThingstonote:Donotmissimportantones.Properuseof“e.g.”Donotmisinterpret;donotoverlycriticizeEmphasizethedifferences(example,badexample),ChalresLing,Template:OurWork,Purpose:describeourworkMaysplittoseveralsectionsStyleDefinition,notation(needmotivation)IntheshoesofyourreadersAlgorithms:pseudo-code;diagram;explanationsAnswerpotentialquestionsfromreaders;e.g.Toomuchdetails(suchasproof):appendixExceptions:footnotes,ChalresLing,Template:Experiments,Purpose:verificationsStyle:ExperimentdesignDetailedenough:canothersreplicateyourworkSimplestisbest:concise,clearComparisons(Isitscientific?T-test?Example)Discussions(makesenseoftheresults)Drawconclusions,ChalresLing,Template:Conclusions,Purpose:summary,futurework(e.g.),closingStyleQuicksummaryFutureworkClosing,ChalresLing,Template:References,Purpose:supportingclaims;knowwellallpreviousworkStyleCitationintext:whatneedstobereferred?Universallytrue:noneed;opinions:YESOtherpeopleswork:YesConsistent,ChalresLing,Template:Others,Acknowledgements(example)AppendixProofs:donotstoptheflowFootnotesHidedetailsandexceptions,ChalresLing,Abstract,Introduction,Summary,SimilarinnatureDifferences(length;emphasis)Abstract:short;problemandyourworkIntroduction:shortorlong;background,yourwork,outlineofthepaperSummary:short/medium;yourwork,futurework,ChalresLing,Summary-ATemplate,AbstractIntroductionReviewofPreviousWorkOurWorkExperimentsandComparisons(RelationtoPreviouswork)ConclusionsReferencesOthers(Appendix,footnotes,etc.),ChalresLing,Outline,ImportanceofPaper-writingSkillsWhatMakesaGoodPaperWhyisitsoHardtoWriteGoodPapers?HowtoImproveATemplateforGoodPapersAvoidRun-onSentencesSummary,ChalresLing,Run-onSentences,Twoclausesareconnectedincorrectlyasonesentence(byusingacomma)Examples:MostresearchersclaimthattheNaveBayescanonlyrepresentlinearfunctions,theyarenotquitecorrect.Itresultsintheproblemofestimatingtheprobabilityofunseenwordpairs,thatis,thepairsthatdonotoccurinthetrainingset.Thecomplexityisnotlinear,itisbecauseWhydoChineseoftenwriterun-onsentences?,ChalresLing,【多維新聞社12日電】中文語音辨識軟體市場一年後將更加熱鬧滾滾。在中文語音辨識技術具世界領導地位的微軟中國研究院院長李開復表示，微軟的技術比現在已商業化的等都更佳，預計一年後將其中文話音輸入軟體商業化。而此將對廣大的華