一些中药的英语翻译

.,ChineseMedicalHerbs,.,TheoriginoftheTraditionalChineseMedicineandtheDevelopmentoftheScienceofTCM,DatingbacktotheancientChina,ourancestorwrotethe“Fifty-twodiseaseparty(五十二病方）”,whichrecordsmorethan300prescriptionsand200kindsofdrugs.Besides,inthebook“RitesofZhou(周礼）”,therearesomecontentsabout“thefiveflavors,thefivecereals(rice,twokindsofmillet,wheatandbeans.)”,.,CollectandprocessofTCM（中药的采制）,Processing（炮制）,preparation（制剂）,.,ThePerformanceoftheTCM(中药的性能）,Itcanalsocalleddrugproperties(药性）,anditmainlyconclude“fournaturesofdrugs（四气）”，“thefiveflavors(五味）”，“channeltropismtrupizm（归经）”，“ascendinganddescending,floatingandsinking（升降浮沉）”，“toxicity（毒性）”，andetc.,.,FourNaturesofDrugs（四气）,Itreferstothefourpropertiesofdrugs,thatis,cold,hot,warmandcool.Itreflectsthebodyseffectofinclination(作用倾向）oftheupsanddownsofYinandYang（阴阳盛衰）andtheSemi-interiorphasechange(寒热变化）afterthedrugsactingonthebody.,.,Inthebook“ShengNongsherbalclassic(神农本草经），thereisabasicprincipleintreatingColdsymptoms（真热假寒证），whichisthat“Treatthecoldwithhotmedicine,treatthehotwithcoldmedicine.（疗寒以热药，疗热以寒药）”,.,TheFiveFlavors（五味）,Itcontainsfivebasicherbalmedicinesinaprescription（药味）pungent，sweet,sour,bitter,andsalty.Itcandividedintotwoparts,Yin:pungent，sweet,Yang：sour,bitter,andsalty,.,Theefficacities（功效）offiveflavors,Pungent：functionsofvolatilization（发散），promotingthecirculationofQi（行气），invigoratingthecirculationofblood（活血），andetc.ItsalwaysusedtotreatExteriorSyndrome(表证），suchasherbaephedra（麻黄）.Sweet:functionsoftonifying（补益），harmonizingthemiddlewarmer（和中），regulatingherbalproperty（调和药性）andalleviatingpain(缓急止痛）.,.,Theefficacities（功效）offiveflavors（2）,Sour:hastheactionsofastringing（收敛），inducingastringency（固涩）.Bitter:hasthefunctionsofdeprivingtheevilwetness(燥湿），dischargingthedefecation(通泄大便）.Salt:functionsofsofteninghardnesstodissipatestagnation(软坚散结）anddefecation.,.,ThePhilosophicFoundationofTCM-wuxingtheory,.,MetalOneofthefivephaseswithwhichtheseasonautumnthecolorwhitethetasteacridity-pungentandthelungandlargeintestineinthebodyareassociated.,.,WoodOneofthefivephaseswithwhichtheseasonspringthecolorblueorgreenthetastesournessandtheliverandgallbladderinthebodyareassociated,.,FireOneofthefivephaseswithwhichtheseasonsummerthecolorredthetastebitternessandtheheartandsmallintestineinthebodyareassociated,.,Water(1)Oneofthefivephaseswithwhichtheseasonwinterthecolorblackthetastesaltinessandthekidneyandbladderinthebodyareassociated;(2)Pathologicaspectofbodyfluid,.,EarthOneofthefivephaseswithwhichtheseasonoflatesummerthecoloryellowthetastesweetnessandthespleenandstomachinthebodyareassociated.,.,AscendingandDescending,FloatingandSinking（升降浮沉）,Itreferstothedrugsfourdifferentfunctiontrend（up,down,insideandouside)tothebody.,.,ChannelTropismtrupizm(归经),Itreferstothedrugsselectivefunctiontosomepartofthebody.Thatistosay,onekindofdrughasamainorspecialtreatingfunctionforthepathologicalchanges（病变）ofsomeorgansandmeridians（脏腑器官).,.,Toxicity（毒性）,Ithastwomeaninginhistory.,:thebias(偏性）thatthedrughaswhenusedintreatingdiseases.,:theadverseeffect（不良影响）andthedamagethatthedrugdotothebody.,.,TheapplicationofTCM,Compatibilityofmedicines(配伍）：meansthatmakinguseoftwoormorethantwokindsofdrugsselectivelyaccordingtodifferentneedsanddifferentfeaturesofthepatientscondition.Itcanbeconcludedbysevenaspects,whichcalledthe“sevenemotions”ofthedrugs.,.,TheCompatibilityofHerbs(sevenemotions),Singleapplication（单行）Synergism（相须）Mutualassistance（相使）Mutualinhibition（相畏）Mutualdetoxification（相杀）Mutualantagonism（相恶）Incompatibility（相反）,.,ContraindicationinUsingHerbs(用药禁忌）,Incompatibility：-eighteenincompatiblemedicaments（十八反）-nineteencounteraction（十九畏）Contraindicationduringpregnancy（妊娠用药禁忌）DietaryTaboosduringtakingthemedicine（服药时的饮食禁忌）:,.,Dosageandusage,Theusage:-Decoction（煎煮方法）Bedecoctedfirst（先煎）Putthemedicinenext（后下）Drugwrappedduringdecocted（包煎）,.,Exterior-releasingmedicine(解表药),Itrefersacategoryofmedicinesthathavetheeffectofdispellingexternalpathogenfromtheexterioraspectofthebody,usuallyfromsweating.,Wind-colddispersingmedicine(发散风寒药）,Wind-heatdispersingmedicine（发散风热药）,.,Wind-cold-dispersingmedicine,ExampleGinger（生姜）,DrugProperties:Pungent,warm.Intheliver,stomach,spleen.,Efficacy：warmingmiddleenergizerarrestvomiting(温中止呕），Exterior-releasing,anddissipatingcold(解表散寒）,Application:）vomitingduetocoldnessinstomach（胃寒呕吐）coldcough（风寒咳嗽）commoncoldduetowind-cold（风寒感冒）,.,草类及叶类中药叶类指干，枯，嫩叶，如苦竹叶和侧柏叶；单复叶如番泻叶，都统称Folium。,.,Wind-heatdispersingmedicine,Example:FoliumMori,DrugProperties:sweet,bitter,cold.Inliver,lung.,Efficacy：dispellingwindandheatfromthebody（疏散风热），clearingthelungandmoisteningdryness（清肺润燥），LiverEyesight（清肝明目，restraintheliverYang（平抑肝阳）,Application:Wind-heatexteriorsyndrome（风热表证）coughwithlungheat（肺热咳嗽），coughcausedbydryness-heat（燥热咳嗽）andsoon.,.,Heat-clearingmedicinalmaterial（清热药）,Definition：acategoryofmedicinethathavetheeffectofclearingupinternalheatincasesofexternallycontractedfebrilediseasesorfeverduetoyindeficiency.,Heat-clearingandfire-clearingdrug（清热泻火）,Heat-clearinganddamp-dryingdrug（清热燥湿）,Clearingawayheatandtoxicmaterial（清热解毒）,Removingpathogenicheatfromblooddrug（清热凉血）,.,中草药（Chineseherbalmedicines),中药的译名国际上是根据动植物学名中属名或种名加上其根，茎，花，实，叶，皮及全草等药用部分共同组成的。,.,根类中药,板蓝根Radix黄连Rhizoma连翘Forsythia甘草Licorice,.,茎类中药,竹茹Caulis桑寄生Cacumen通草Medulla,.,皮类中药,桔梗Dryorangepeel阿胶（驴皮）Corium丹皮Cortexradicis陈皮Pericarpium,.,花类中药,红花Flos夏枯草Spica金银花Gemma,.,果实及种子类中药,樱桃核Nux柿蒂Calyx肉豆蔻Semen,.,中医药药剂的英语译名,1.药剂专用词（Medicineterms)浸膏extractum气雾剂aerosolum胶囊剂capsulae水剂solution,.,茶，酒（drinks,tonic),长寿长乐补酒HappyLongevityTonic龟寿酒TortoiseLongevityTonic药酒medicatedwine人参茶RenshenDrink(花旗参茶Ginsengroottea)蚁宝茶AntEssenceDrink凉茶herbaltea,.,素，精（extracts),乌鸡精Black-BoneChickenTonic蜂王精Royextracts蜂王浆Spiritsofhoney,.,冲剂，汤，水，液或露(syrup),板兰根冲剂BanlangenDrink藿香正气水HerbalAgastachisSyrup,.,洗剂，搽剂（Lotion),膏药Plaster防晒油Sunlotion,.,中药音译,逍遥散XiaoyaoPowder二陈汤ErchenDecoction,.,中药音译混译,贵州神奇GuizhouWonderDrugs中国药膳Chineseherbalcuisine,.,直译,玉瓶散JadeScreenPowders小青龙散SmallBlueDragonPowder,.,中药其他译法,1.以所含主要药加上功能来命名丹参注射液IntejectioSalviaeMiltiorrhizae2.以研制者姓名加上主要药的药名或功能来命名阴虚丸PillsforyinAsthenia,.,3.以药物产地来命名天台乌药散PowderofTiantaiLi