安全与管理-第一章

船舶安全与管理MaritimeSafetyManagement,GivenBy：卜仁祥,第一章船舶营运安全概论IntroductiontoShipOperationSafety,主要内容content:第一节安全科学概论(Introductiontosafetyscience)第二节船舶营运系统(shipoperationsystem)第三节船舶安全管理的途径和方法(ApproachesandtechniquesofMaritimeSafetyManagement),第一节安全科学概论(Introductiontosafetyscience),安全科学概述(SummarizationofSafetyScience)事故致因理论(Accident-causingTheories)事故控制观(Accident-countermeasureConcept),安全科学概述(SummarizationofSafetyScience),安全科学起源(safetyscienceorigination)安全科学的基本要素结构(basicelementofsafetyscience),安全科学起源安全的概念definitionofsafety,Definitiongivenbymostdictionaries:Theconditionofbeingfreefromsafe;undergoingorcausinghurt,injuryorloss.Safetyprofessionalsuse:1.Safetyisaqualityofasystemthatallowsthesystemtofunctionunderpredeterminedconditionswithanacceptableminimumofaccidentalloss.2.Safetyisaperceivedqualitythatdeterminetowhatextentthemanagement,engineeringandoperationofasystemisfreefromofdangertolife,propertyandenvironment.,安全的概念(definitionofsafety),字典：与危险相对，没有事故、伤害发生。安全工作学者定义：系统本身决定远离危险的程度的性质DifferenceofSafetybuoy;aidstonavigation;signallightRegulationsorrules,ShipOperationSystem-Seafarerelement,船员是船舶营运系统中最能动的因素船员编制特点：人数较少、各司其职STCW公约(InternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining,CertificationandWatchkeepingforSeafarers)职能发证船员分为：管理、操作、支持三个级别。,ShipOperationSystem-Seafarerelement,Statisticstudyshowed:80percentmarineaccidentswerecausedbyhumanfactor国际公认的统计分析结论：80%的海事由人为因素造成grounding：90：Fire2establishsafeguardsagainstallidentifiedrisks;and3continuouslyimprovesafetymanagementskillsofpersonnelashoreandaboardships,includingpreparingforemergenciesrelatedbothtosafetyandenvironmentalprotection.,船舶安全管理的要求：,即公司的船舶安全管理目标：1、提供船舶营运的安全做法和安全工作环境；2、标识一切可能的风险，制定防范措施并保证其有效性；3、不断提高岸上及船上人员的安全管理技能，包括安全及环境保护方面的应急准备,船舶安全管理的途径:safetynet,AninternationalMaritimeSafetyManagementsystem:Asafetynet,InternationalMaritimeOrganization,toprovideaninternationalstandardforthesafemanagementandoperationofshipsandforpollutionpreventionDocumentation:Convention;Protocol;Code;Resolution;Circular.institution:Assembly:(heldbiyearly,adoptresolutions;amendconventionsorcodes,etc)Council:(MSC)maritimesafetycouncil;MEPC;LEG;TC;FAL;,IMOConventions,ConventionListMaritimesfetyMarinepollutionLiabilityandcompensationOthersubjectsclassical(orpositive)acceptanceproceduretacitorpassiveacceptanceprocedure,IMOConventions-Maritimesafety,InternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea(SOLAS),1974InternationalConventiononLoadLines(LL),1966SpecialTradePassengerShipsAgreement(STP),1971ProtocolonSpaceRequirementsforSpecialTradePassengerShips,1973ConventionontheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea(COLREG),1972InternationalConventionforSafeContainers(CSC),1972,IMOConventions-Maritimesafety,ConventionontheInternationalMaritimeSatelliteOrganization(INMARSAT),1976TheTorremolinosInternationalConventionfortheSafetyofFishingVessels(SFV),1977InternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining,CertificationandWatchkeepingforSeafarers(STCW),1978InternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining,CertificationandWatchkeepingforFishingVesselPersonnel(STCW-F),1995InternationalConventiononMaritimeSearchandRescue(SAR),1979,IMOConventions-Marinepollution,InternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfromShips,1973,asmodifiedbytheProtocolof1978relatingthereto(MARPOL73/78)InternationalConventionRelatingtoInterventionontheHighSeasinCasesofOilPollutionCasualties(INTERVENTION),1969ConventiononthePreventionofMarinePollutionbyDumpingofWastesandOtherMatter(LDC),1972,IMOConventions-Marinepollution,InternationalConventiononOilPollutionPreparedness,ResponseandCo-operation(OPRC),1990ProtocolonPreparedness,ResponseandCo-operationtopollutionIncidentsbyHazardousandNoxiousSubstances,2000(HNSProtocol)InternationalConventionontheControlofHarmfulAnti-foulingSystemsonShips(AFS),2001InternationalConventionfortheControlandManagementofShipsBallastWaterandSediments,2004,IMOConventions-Liabilityandcompensation,InternationalConventiononCivilLiabilityforOilPollutionDamage(CLC),1969InternationalConventionontheEstablishmentofanInternationalFundforCompensationforOilPollutionDamage(FUND),1971ConventionrelatingtoCivilLiabilityintheFieldofMaritimeCarriageofNuclearMaterial(NUCLEAR),1971,IMOConventions-Liabilityandcompensation,AthensConventionrelatingtotheCarriageofPassengersandtheirLuggagebySea(PAL),1974ConventiononLimitationofLiabilityforMaritimeClaims(LLMC),1976InternationalConventiononLiabilityandCompensationforDamageinConnectionwiththeCarriageofHazardousandNoxiousSubstancesbySea(HNS),1996InternationalConventiononCivilLiabilityforBunkerOilPollutionDamage,2001,IMOConventions-Othersubjects,ConventiononFacilitationofInternationalMaritimeTraffic(FAL),1965InternationalConventiononTonnageMeasurementofShips(TONNAGE),1969ConventionfortheSuppressionofUnlawfulActsAgainsttheSafetyofMaritimeNavigation(SUA),1988InternationalConventiononSalvage(SALVAGE),1989,国际海事组织：,宗旨与任务：就有关航运贸易有关问题提供国际合作以及统一准则。文件：公约；议定书；规则；决议；通函。机构：IMO大会；常设机构：海安会等。,船旗国（FlagState),主管机关（AdministrationmeanstheGovernmentoftheStatewhoseflagtheshipisentitledtofly.)我国海事局(BureauofMaritimeSafetyAdministration)(原港务监督局HarborSuperintendenceAdministration)主管：船舶登记与检验；船员培训与发证；船舶航行安全；交通环境安全等航运有关事物。FlagofConvenience,PortStateControl(PSC),PortStateControl(PSC)istheinspectionofforeignshipsinnationalportstoverifythattheconditionoftheshipanditsequipmentcomplywiththerequirementsofinternationalregulationsandthattheshipismannedandoperatedincompliancewiththeserules.港口国监控是：港口国政府对抵港外轮实施，以船员、船舶技术状况及操作为检查对象，以安全（保安）和防污染为目的一种监督与控制。,PortStateControl(PSC),ManyofIMOsmostimportanttechnicalconventionscontainprovisionsforshipstobeinspectedwhentheyvisitforeignportstoensurethattheymeetIMOrequirements.,PortStateControl(PSC),TheseinspectionswereoriginallyintendedtobeabackuptoflagStateimplementation,butexperiencehasshownthattheycanbeextremelyeffective,especiallyiforganizedonaregionalbasis.Ashipgoingtoaportinonecountrywillnormallyvisitothercountriesintheregionbeforeembarkingonitsreturnvoyageanditistoeverybodysadvantageifinspectionscanbecloselyco-ordinated.,PortStateControl(PSC),TheprimaryresponsibilityforshipsstandardsrestswiththeflagState-butportStatecontrolprovidesasafetynettocatchsubstandardships.Deficiencieswhichjeopardizethesafety(ofthevessel,persons,theportortheenvironment)andalargenumberofsmalldeficienciesmayleadtoadetention.,PortStateControl(PSC),Detentionalwaysmeansaseverelosstotheowner.Beinglistedontheblacklistmeansadisrepute.ShipsIdentificationNumberIMOCompanyNumber,ClassificationSociety,民间商业性质从事:船级检验签发船级证书(CertificateofClass)经主管机关授权的强制检验(MandatorySurvey)（主管机关签发相应证书Certificates)公证检验(NotarizationSurvey),ClassificationSociety-IACS,InternationalAssociationofClassificationSocietyMembers:CCS(ChinaClassificationSociety)；ABS(AmericanbureauofShipping)；BV;DNV;GL;KR;LR;NK;PRS;RINA;RS.,MaritimeIndustryOrganizations,non-governmentalorganization，不受公约约束，为了商业目的，与IMO良好合作。例：ICS;ISF;IMPA;INSA;ISU;PIACS,特殊性。,ShippingCompany,Companymeanstheowneroftheshiporanyotherorganizationorpersonsuchasthemanager,orthebareboatcharterer,whohasassumedtheresponsibilityforoperationoftheshipfromtheshipownerandwho,onassumingsuchresponsibility,hasagreedtotakeoveralldutiesandresponsibilityimposedbyISMCode.,ShippingCompany,人为因素责任主要在于船公司的船上和岸上管理船公司是船