山东省高职单招必备英语知识点②

英语基础知识点结构,词汇量：5500多单词,简单句并列句复合句,词类,冠词和名词,动词,代词125和数词,介词和连词,形容词和副词345,非谓语动词,动词时态.,情态0动词,定语从句151名词性从句50状语从句160,高中英语,语言知识,语言运用,虚拟语气195,听力,口语,阅读,写作,词法,句法,系动词,助动词,实义动词,动词语态现象,强调句型,主谓一致,倒装,省略,翻译,词类,分类,重点、难点,名词、冠词,形容词、副词,代词,介词、数词,动词时态语态,分类,重点、难点,解题关键,动词时态,动词语态,1.根据语境，找时间点或时间段2.紧扣概念进行选择,1.根据句意辨别词义2.主语与动词构成的主被动关系,情态动词和虚拟语气,分类,重点、难点,解题关键,3.固定句式,1.should+动词原形,2.if引导的虚拟条件句,理解句义,结合记忆,理解句义,记忆,3.情态动词+havedone,情态动词,虚拟语气,2.表示对现在和过去的推测,1.固定搭配考查:canbut的用法canthelpbut,canthelp的用法,形式,作用,非谓语动词,重点、难点,解题关键,准确理解语意捕捉关键词结合基础知识解题,简单句,简单句并列句,分类,重点、难点,解题关键,并列句,语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则,分类记忆规则联系语意解题,主谓一致,重点难点,解题方法,分类,强调句句型（重难点）,句中加语气词等词汇来强调,强调,助动词do+V助动词do的形式随主语和时态而变化,特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词be+it+that?,一般疑问句式（be动词放句首）,反意疑问句式(必须和主句一致),强调句用在名词性从句中,surely,really,certainly,definitely,utter,sheer,such,so等,倒装句,a.强调句子的主语时，要与强调句的谓语动词一致。b.表语一般不能用这一句型进行强调c.条件、让步状语从句不能强调d.强调because引导的原因状语从句，但强调的原因状语不能用as，since来引导e.可强调sothat引导的目的状语从句，但不能强调sothat引导的结果状语从句f.对由until引起的短语或从句，要注意否定前移,注意,陈述句句式Itis/wasthat/who,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,as引导,9种时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句,复合句,关系词,介词+关系词,介词+which/whom,介词+where/whose+n.,复合介词短语+which,介词+which=关系副词,as与which引导非限制性定语从句区别,suchas/thesameas,限制性与非限制性,关系副词,关系代词,陈述语序,引导词,从属接连词that/whether,在句中不成分作连接代词what/who/whom/whose/which/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when/where/why/how/whenever/wherever/however在句中作状语,分类,主从复合句,分类,重点、难点,解题关键,状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,细读题干,划分句子成分,不缺成分用that，”是否”用whether，缺什么成分补什么成分+语意,记忆,翻译,冠词用法详解,1.冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物.也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：,不定冠词修饰可数名词.其意思为一个；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指.其意思相当于这个，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用一个或这个(种)来检验。,（1）-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a（2）Mostanimalhavelittleconnectionwith_animalsof_differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;/,2.不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。ManypeopleagreedthataknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。（2）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。BeforeIgotoworkeverymorning,Ivealightbreakfast.我每天早晨上班前.吃点简单的早餐。,（3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。ThetrafficaccidenthappenedonaSundaytowardstheendofJuly.车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。（4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。Howimportantitistolearnasecondlanguage!再学一门语言是多么重要啊!,（5）不定冠词a(n)表示per的意思。Hisincomeisonethousandyuanamonth.他的月收入是1000元。（6）不定冠词a(n)用于有goodgreatmany修饰的名词复数前。IvevisitedtheGreatWallagoodmanytimes.我参观过长城好多次。,（7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。Athousandmilesisagooddistance.一千英里是相当远的距离。（8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。Letshaveawalkaroundtheplaygroundaftersupper.晚饭后，让我们围着操场散步吧!,（9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害)等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。KarlMarxgaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnforeignlanguagewell.卡尔马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。,（10）用在某些固定词组中afew,alittle,alotof,abit,acoupleof,allofasudden(突然),asamatteroffact(实际上),inahurry(匆忙的),inaword(简言之),haveagoodtime(玩得愉快),dosb.afavor(帮忙),payavisitto(访问),asarule(惯例),asawhole(总之),inadayortwo(一两天),inaway(在某种程度上),ofasize(大小相同),haveawordwithsb.(与交谈),makealiving(谋生),takeapridein(自豪),takeawalk(break,bath,seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座),agreatdealof(大量),beapity(遗憾),haveacold(headache,fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧),manya(许多),catchacold(感冒).,3.用冠词与不用冠词的差异在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。,attable进餐atthetable在桌子旁inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里bysea乘船（由海路）bythesea在海边gotosea当水手gotothesea去海边infuture从今以后，将来inthefuture未来,takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替twoofus我们当中的两人thetwoofus我们两人（共计两人）outofquestion毫无疑问，一定outofthequestion不可能onthewhole=ingeneral大体上，一般地asawhole=altogether全部地，整体amostimportantmeeting一个重要的会议themostimportantmeeting最重要的会议athirdtime又一次,onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上，在世上gotoschool(church)上学（做礼拜）gototheschool(church)到学校（教堂）去infrontof在（外部的）前面inthefrontof在（内部的）前面onhorseback骑着马onthehorseback在马背上,thethirdtime第三次atadistance稍远一些inthedistance在远处Anumberof许多thenumberof的数目foramoment一会儿forthemoment目前，暂时beinchargeof负责beinthechargeof由负责，在掌管之下,byday在白天bytheday按日计算inpossessionof拥有inthepossessionof为所有insightof能看见inthesightof据的见解inplaceof代替intheplaceof在的地方,beofage成年beofanage同龄takeadvice征求意见taketheadvice听从劝告Heisstillinoffice.他仍在执政。Heisstillintheoffice.他仍在办公室里。,1.可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy-boys,pen-pens。以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass-glasses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes。特例：stomach-stomachs以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i再加-es。如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,fly-flies。,以o结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,tobacco-tobaccos。以f或fe结尾的名词复数形式变f或fe为v，之后再加-es。如：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves等。特例：handkerchief-handkerchiefs,roof-roofs,chief-chiefs,gulf-gulfs,belief-beliefs,cliff-cliffs。,改变元音字母的。如：man-men,mouse-mice,foot-feet,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,ox-oxen。特例：child-children。复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair-armchairs,bookcase-bookcases,bookstore-bookstores。,（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womandriver-womendrivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law-brothers-in-law,passer-by-passers-by。有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero-zeros、zeroes;penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。,（2）不规则变化。单、复数同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works（工厂）cattle。合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend-boy-friends,go-between-go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up-grown-ups。,有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富,surroundings环境，ashes灰尘,compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits以很高热情地，giveonesregardstosb.向某人问侯，inrags衣衫破烂，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事。,集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewelery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多（指整体）；Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。,2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：,抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccess失败是成功之母。afailure失败者byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历youth青春ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事,抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itiswasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.,(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡，somedrink一些饮料,adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料，hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发，glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。,物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。havebreakfastTheroadiscoveredwithsnow.haveawonderfulbreakfastTheyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.,(3)有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrowsmeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.,有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.,3.名词所有格（1）s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todaysnewspaper,fiveminuteswalk(drive),fivepoundsweight,tendollarsworthofcoffee用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：theearthsplanet,thewordspopulation,Chinasindustry,NewYorksparks。,（2）of所有格的特殊表示方式有：表示部分时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：SomestudentsofMisterZhangshavegonetocollege.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。,表示其中之一，其中一部分的意思时，用：afriendofToms汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those+名词（单、复数）ofMarys/yours/his/hers。如：Thatinventionofhersbelongstotheworld.她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。,4、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。airpollution空气污染boyfriend男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯incometax所得税tennisball网球songwriter歌曲作家bodylanguage身体语言roadaccident交通事故NobelPrize诺贝尔奖,（2）时间、地点、称呼等。DoctorJack杰克医生ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校wintersleep冬眠streetdance街舞countrymusic乡村音乐villagepeople村民schooleducation学校教育Chinaproblem中国问题,（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。receptiondesk接待台sportsfield田径场stonetable石桌colorTV彩电weatherreport天气预报,名词性从句,NounClauses,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,为什么叫名词性从句？_,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom,2.为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周.(名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,主语从句,thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow,从句引导词:,1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.,4.Whetherheiscomingdoesntmattermuch.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.,主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It,主语太长了!放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What“什么”,“所.的”,2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.,When“什么时候”,主语从句不用if,位于句首,It作主语的常用句型有:,1.It+be+形容词+that从句,2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that从句,3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that从句,4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that从句,Itisapitythatwecantgoswimming.,Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.,注意:Itlookedthathewasright.()可以说:Itlooksasif.,happen只有it句型,Itissaid只有it句型,More,疑问句中应该用形式主语It句型,1,Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestofthepeople.()Itmustbeintheinterestofthepeoplewhateverwedo(),2,名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/whichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首,改错,1.Itistruewhathesaid.,Whathesaidistrue.放在句首,2.Isthathewillcomecertain?,Isittruethathewillcome?问句,3.Hecanswimisknowntoall.,Thathecanswimisknowntoall.从句必须有引导词,表语从句,从句同主语从句(11个),外加asif/引导词:asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.,2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.,3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if,4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthat,More,系动词后面,注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法,ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.,Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.,ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.,Thisis总是现在时Thatis表示性质Thatwas指过去动作,固定句型:ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,宾语从句,从句(同主语从句),增加if,可与whether引导词:互换,但不与ornot连用,1.Theypretended(that)theyknewhowtodoit.,他们假装知道怎么做这事。That从句做pretend的宾语,我暗中想他讲的不是真话.谓语与从句之间有插入语时,that不可省略,2.Ithoughttomyselfthathewasnottellingthetruth.,3.Shesaid(that)shecouldnttellmeandthatIcouldntunderstand.,宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个that,4.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.(if),if/whether表示“是否”可以互换,五种情况只用whether:1.在介词后面2.与ornot连用3.在主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句中,5.Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.(if),6.Thequestioniswhetherhewillagree.(if),More,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?,doubt问题,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,TheSwedestoodstill,except_hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith_shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof_shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto_helpedhim.(任何一个),5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.,whetherwehaveenoughtime.,介词后面不用if,that,what,how,whoever,6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?,whatyouhavedone?,介词后面不用which,宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,Imafraid(that)Illbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.,我恐怕要迟到了.that可以省略,我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.,此类表语形容词有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladaware用它们造句,that从句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面,M,Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)2.Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it),我认为学好英语是必要的.,IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.,Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.,considerfindthinkfeelmake等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后,Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.,Wehavemadeitclearthataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.,More,correction,Theemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.,what,itnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeing,thatshewillsucceed?,whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.,had,willleaveforParis?,ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus,What,Itseemed,which不做介词宾语,that不做介词宾语,从句缺少引导词,that不做句子成分,没有Itlookthat表达式,同位语从句,被修饰词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词,Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhetherhecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametomethathemightbeinthelibrary.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别的词隔开,that无词义,Wewereexcitedatthenews.Ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplan.Anotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.Theyhadthequestion.Couldhepassthefinalexam?Whodidthedamagedcomputerbelongto?Noonehadanyidea.Theproblemhasbeensolved.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?,合并成一句:,Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.,Theyhavemadeanewplanthatanotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.,Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.,Noonehadanyideawhothedamagedcomputerbelongedto.,Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别:,Wewereexcitedaboutthenews(that)hehadtoldus.Wewereexcitedaboutthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.,Thefactthattheyoungmanhadbeenaprisonerastonishedher.Thefactthatwasunbelievableastonishedeveryone.,Thequestionwhohelpedusoutofdifficultyremainstobeanswered.Thequestionwhichseemssostrangeremainstobeanswered.,同位语从句:说明名词的内容,wh-表示疑问,that不做成分,不能省略,定语从句:说明名词的性质特征,wh-不表示疑问,引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略,用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构,Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等),Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews)that事实是(好事是,好消息是),Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears)that结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是),Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出),用it句型翻译:,据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知,比尔盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.,Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.,Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.,Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.,Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.,Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略,翻译:真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.,strange不省略should为好,that引导陈述句,在从句中没有词义,不可省略,她会讲法语这一点大家都知道.,ThatshecanspeakFrenchisknowntousall.,她一声不响拿走了他的杂志,这使他很生气._五班输了比赛,这事令所有的人感到惊讶._他干了一上午的活,这使他感到很累._她不可能是美国人,这一点是很清楚的._她已经入团了,这件事很快会被宣布._,Thathetookawayhismagazinewithoutawordmadehimangry.,ThatClassFivelostthegamesurprisedeveryone.,Thatheworkedallmorningmadehimfeelverytired.,ThatshecantbeanAmericanisquiteclear.,ThatshehasjoinedtheLeaguewillbeannouncedsoon.,What在从句中表示“什么”或“所.的”,Whathewilldonextisunknown.What表示疑问“什么”,比如：他下一步做什么我们不清楚。,在那儿所看到的(事物)是无法描述的.我们怎么处理这些书与你无关.她会给我们带些什么食物来还不清楚.明天会发生什么事还是个谜.她所买的只是一些蔬菜.,Whatwasseenthereisbeyonddescription.,Whatwewilldowiththefoodhasnothingtodowithyou.,Whatfoodhewillbringtousisnotclear.,Whatwillhappentomorrowisstillamystery.,Whatshehasboughtareonlysomevegetables,What只用于名词性从句中,whenwherewhyhowwhowhomwhose分别表示什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么、谁（主格/宾格）、谁的,Whenwewillhaveameetingisunknown.,Wherewewillhaveameetingisunknown.,Whyweshouldhaveameetingisunknown.,我们什么时候开会不清楚.我们在什么地方开会不清楚.我们为什么要开会不清楚.,4.他们是怎么发现那个秘密的令大家很感兴趣.5.谁来当他们的班主任还没有决定,Howtheydiscoveredthatsecretinterestedeveryone.,Whowillbetheirclassteacherhasnotbeendecided.,Wheredidtheygolastweekisofnoimportance.(),错,凡是从句都必须用陈述语序,went,whether从句作主语时不能用if,我们是否要重新做这个实验好没有决定.这本书是否林先生写的这一点很重要.他们是否能按时达到要看天气.她是否能考上大学要看她是否努力.是留在教室里上课还是去看电影要有老师来决定.,Whetherweshoulddotheexperimentagainhasnotbeendecided.,WhetherthebookwaswrittenbyMr.Linisveryimportant.,Whethertheycanarriveintimedependsontheweather.,Whethershecanpassthecollegeentranceexaminationdependsonwhethershewillworkhard.,Whetherwewillstayintheclassroomtogoonwithourlessonorwewillgotoseeafilmhastobedecidedbyourteacher.,Whetherthatshecancomeornotdoesntmatter.(),错,一个从句只能有一个引导词,用表语从句合并,Hewasabsentfromthemeeting.Thatsthefact.Isheastudent?Thatsmyquestion.WhenwillweleavefortheIsland.?ThatswhatIwanttoknow.Whommustoureducationserve?Thatsthemostimportant.,Thefactisthathewasabsentfromthemeeting.,Myquestioniswhetherheisstudent.从句一律陈述语序,WhatIwant