大连海事大学船舶安全管理教案3：conduct-of-vessels-in-sight-of-one-another

3conductofvesselsinsightofoneanother,Rule11-rule18,3.1Application(Rule11),RulesinthissectionapplytovesselsinsightofoneanotherInsightofoneanother:onecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheotherFactorsthatmakethesightingnotoccur:differentintensitiesofnavigationlights;patchesoflowfogobscuringthebridgeofonevesselbutnothermastheadlightsAvesselmustcomplywiththerulesandwillnotbeexcusedfornotcomplyingwiththeappropriateruleofsectionIIifitisconsideredthatfailuretosighttheothervesselwasduetoabadvisuallookout.,3.2Sailingvessels,1.ApplicationTwosailingvesselsApproachingoneanotherSoastoinvolveriskofcollisionNotapplytothreesailing,ortopowerdrivenvessel,ortovesselengagedinfishing,3.2Sailingvessels,2.Responsibilitiesbetweentwosailingvessels,3.2Sailingvessels,2.ResponsibilitiesbetweentwosailingvesselsAsailingvesselapproachinganothersailingvesselfromadirectionmorethan22.5degreeabaftherbeamisanovertakingvesselandmustkeepclearoftheothervessel(rule13override12),3.2Sailingvessels,3inAmbiguouscaseSailingvesselswiththewindontheportsideseesthegreensidelightofanothersailingvesseltowindwardatnightandisunabletodeterminewhethertheothervesselhasthewindonthesamesideSailingvesselwhichhasthewindonthestarboardsideandseestheredsidelightofanothersailingvesseltowindwardatnightmayalsobeunabletodeterminewhethertheothervesselhasthewindontheportsideoronthestarboardside,3.2Sailingvessels,3inAmbiguouscase(indoubt):shallkeepclearoftheothersailingvessel,3.2Sailingvessels,4conductgivevessel-rule8,16Standonvessel:rule17,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),1DefinitionforovertakingsituationTwovessels:proceedinginthesamegeneraldirectionastheotherSpeed:overtakingvesselisfastthanovertakenvessel,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),2CharacteristicsofthesituationBearing:fromadirectionmorethan22.5degreeabaftovertakenvesselDistance:inapositionwheretheovertakenvesselssternlightisvisibleatnight.Speed:comingupwiththeovertakenvessel,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),3Indoubt:Thefastervesselshallassumethatthisisthesituationandkeepoutoftheway,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),4application:AnyvesselInsightofoneanother,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),5therelationshipwithotherrulesOverridesthoserules:9(b,c,d,e);10(i,j);12;18Note:theabovementionedisrefertothedutyvessel,astotheovertakenvessels,theyshouldnotholdtheserulesagainstotherrules.,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),6dutiesofovertakingvesselKeepoutofthewayandpassatasafedistanceTakeactionatanearlystageFollowtherequirementsstipulatedinrulessuchasrule9andsoonPastandclear:sheisnotrelievedofthedutyofkeepingclearuntilsheisfinallypassandclear.avoidcrossingothervessel.,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),Hascompletelypassedtheother-farenoughaheadsothathermaneuvercantembarrassthevesselshehasovertaken.Shanghai:600mLateraldistance:D=3Xcos22.52.8nmIfthelateraldistance2.8theovertakingsituationisstillexisting.,3.3Overtaking(Rule13),7dutiesofovertakenvesselComplywiththerequirementsofrule17ProperlookoutStandbyforimmediatemaneuveringWarningsignal,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),1definitionTwopowerdrivenvesselsMeetingonreciprocalornearlyreciprocalcourseSoastoinvolveriskofcollisionNote:1)powerdrivenvessel-doesnotincludevesselnotundercommand,Indoubt:assumethatthesituationexists,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),3)Course-heading,6,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),2Dangerousheadon:Starboardtostarboard,Dangerouslyclose,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),Actioninthesituationofdangeroushead-onsituation:TakeactioninampletimeSubstantialalterationtostarboardPorttoportpassing,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),3DutyandconductNeithervesselhastherightofwayNeithervesselisunderobligationtoholdcourseandspeedBotharerequiredtoturntostarboard,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),4CharacteristicofthesituationSpeedofapproach:maximumTheeffectofalterationofcourse:maximumDamageincaseofcollision:maximum,3.4Headonsituation(rule14),5causeofcollisioninmostcase,oneofthetwovesselsturntoport,especiallyincaseofpassingdangerouslyclosetoeachotherstarboardtostarboard,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),1DefinitionTwopowerdrivenvesselsCrossingSoastoinvolveriskofcollision,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),2Principlesfordetermingthesituation,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),PowerdrivenvesselsHeading_steadyonacourseOpensea(notnarrowchannel)Distance:theothervesselsmastheadlightisinsight,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),3DutiesGivewayvessel(whichhastheotheronherownstarboardside,andcouldonlyseeothersredlightatnight):keepoutoftheway,avoidcrossingaheadoftheothervesselStandonvessel(whichhastheotheronherownportside,seegreenlight):keepcourseandspeed,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),4Action(givewayvessel)Ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,avoidcrossingaheadoftheothervesselByalteringcoursetostarboardsoastopassasternoftheothervesselByreducingspeed,allowingtheothervesseltocrossaheadByalteringtoportandturningthroughsome360,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),action,3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),5SpecialcaseVessellyingstopped:bedeemedasavesselunderway(apply)Indoubt:deemedthesituationisexists,orovertakingsituationisexists(apply)Onepowerdrivenvesselandasailingvessel(orotherkindofvessels)(notapply),3.5Crossingsituation(rule15),5SpecialcaseThreeormorethanthreevesselsapproachingtogether(notapply)Atbendsofnarrowchannel(notapply)Crossingthechannel(apply)Meetwithapowerdrivenvesselmovingastern(notapply)Meetingwithapowerdrivenvesselwhosheadingisunstable(notapply),3.6Actionbygiven-wayvessel(rule16),Everyvesselwhichisdirectedtokeepoutofthewayofanothervesselshall,sofaraspossible,takeearlyandsubstantialactiontokeepwellclear.,3.6Actionbygiven-wayvessel(rule16),1ApplicationApplytogive-wayvesselRule12sailingvessel(haswindonportside,towindward)13overtakingvessel15crossingsituation,vesselwhohasotheronherstarboardside18vesselwhosmaneuverabilityisbetterthanother,3.6Actionbygiven-wayvessel(rule16),2actionRefertoRule8:Takeearlyandsubstantialaction,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),1ApplicationStandonvessel:rule12,13,15and18(notincluderule14),3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),2keepcourseandspeedMeaning:doesnotnecessarilyhavetoremainonthesamecompasscourse:TotakepilotReducespeedtoavoiddangerofnavigationAdjustingcompass(notallowed),3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),2)TimewhentheruleappliesFrom:insightofoneanotherandwhenriskofcollisionexistUntil:finallypastandclear;andmaytakeactionwhenitbecomeapparentthatthegivewayvesselisnottakingappropriateaction;orcollisioncannotbeavoidedbytheactionofgivewayvesselalone.,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),3permittedaction1)application:rule17(a)iipermitsastandonvesseltotakeactionsatanearlierstage,toavoidcollisionbyhemaneuveraloneThegivewayvesseliseitherfailingtotakeactioninampletimeorfailingtotakesufficientactiontoachieveasafepassingdistanceAsuccessionofsmallalterationwhichisnotobvioustostandonvesselGivewayvesselrefusetogiveway,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),2)EarliestmomentInopensea:2nm(crossingsituation)(dependsonsize,maneuverabilityofvessels,therateofapproach),3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),3)ActionsTogiveawarningsignalCallingmaster,changethesteeringmodetomanual,andputtheengineonstandbyAvoidturningtoporttoavoidcollisionwithanotherpower-drivenvessel,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),4compulsoryactionbythestandonvesselWhenthestandonvesselfindsherselfsoclosethatcollisioncannotbeavoidbythegivewayvesselalone,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),ActionmomentDistancebetweenthetwovesseldependsonthe:directionandspeedofapproachgivewayvesselmaneuveringcharacteristics:twelvetimesherownlength,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),2)ActionBestaidtoavoidcollisionsTurningtowardstheothervesselmaybethebestaction3)Ifthecollisionisconsideredtobeinevitable:reducetheeffectofcollisionasmuchaspossibletoachieveaglancingblowratherthanadirectimpact,3.7Actionbystand-onvessel(rule17),5obligationofthegivewayrefusedRule17(d)Give-wayvesselisnotrelievedofherobligationtotakeearlyandsubstantialactiontoachieveasagepassingdistance.,3.7Actionbystand-onvesse