2006高中英语语法系列总复习--情态动词用法详解03

情态动词用法详解,情 态 动 词 的 定 义,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那. May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。,情 态 动 词 的 位 置,情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？,情 态 动 词 的 特 点,1.情态动词无人称和数的变化 2.情态动词+动词原形 3.否定式构成:情态动词 +not+动词原形 4.个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来 表达更加客气、委婉的语气,情态动词,表示推测,不表示推测,can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought to,have to dare (darent)need (neednt) used to,一、注意情态动词的推测用法推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.,He must be reading, he?You must do it yourself, _you?He must have gone over the article, _he?It must have rained last night, _it?,3、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,isnt,dont,hasnt,didnt,二、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答,不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：,例1：-_I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. I have told him already.(NMET94)A. Shall B. Will C. CanD. May,析：选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。,1）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。Shall he come in? Come in, please.3）用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.,三、Shall的用法,四、了解情态动词的完成式用法, must have done, may/might have done,cant have doneshould have done , shouldnt have done could have done , couldnt have done need have done , neednt have done,（一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例1：I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word.(NMET2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave 析: 选B。,（二）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5张明信片的。,1)You were late for class ,but you _ on time. A .might be B.should be C.should have been 2)Why did you just sit and watch? You _ me. A.could help B. should help C. could have helped3) Its so early. You _ me up. I wont go to work today. A. mustnt have woken B. may not have woken C.neednt have woken D.couldnt have woken4)Its foolish of you to try climbing the hill. You _ have killed yourself. A. should B. will C.might D.must,情 态 动 词 的 用 法,1. can (could) 表示说话人能, 可以, 同意, 准许, 以及客观条件许可, could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? Could you help me, please? What can you do? 你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握吗? can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用be able to 来表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teachers help, I shall be able to speak English correctly.,你能给我递一下书吗 ?,请问, 你能帮助我吗?,有老师的帮助, 我将能准确地讲英语。,2. may (might) “可以”，表示说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去。 May I come in? May I use your dictionary? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服。 He said he might lend us some money. 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。 may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 maynt。might 是may 的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、 客气或对可能性的怀疑。 He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。 Might I borrow some money now? 我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。,我可以进来吗?,我可以用你的词典吗?,3. must “必须；应该；一定；准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时， 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 I must finish my work today. You mustnt work all the time. Must I return the book tomorrow? After such a long walk, you must be tired. He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走，因为有人叫他。,我今天必须完成我的工作。,你不能老是工作。,我必须明天还书吗?,走了这么长的路, 你一定累了。,值得注意的是：must + have + 过去分词, 表示现在对过去事物的肯定推测。 否定猜测用 cant / couldnt + have +过去分词 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了。 He cant have been to your house. 他不可能去过你家.2) must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to “不得不,必须”, 表示客观需要, 客观条件只能如此。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) You must be here on time next time. I have to cook for my child.,你下次一定要按时来。,我得给孩子做饭。,(3) must 的否定式有下列三种情况:a) 为mustnt / must not 时, 意思是 “不准,不许可,禁止” You mustnt smoke in public places.b) 如果表示 “不必, 不需要”时, 则用 neednt/ need not 或 dont have to. -Must I water the flowers? -No, you neednt. 或 No, you dont have to.c) 当must 在句中表示对现在的情况作肯定猜测时, 其否定式为: cant -Where is Mike? -He must be at home. / He cant be at home.,4. need “需要”，多用在否定式或疑问句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。 need 是一个情态动词，它的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但 need 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数， 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。 Do you need a dictionary? She needs a necklace. He needs to finish it this evening. 注意：“neednt + have + 过去分词” 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。,你需要词典吗?,她需要一条项链。,他需要今晚完成它.,5. dare “敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外，更多的是当实义动词使用， 用法同实义动词一样，要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。,6. ought “应当；应该”，后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。 You ought to bring the child here. 你应该把孩子带来。,ought to + have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就应该来。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。,7. will (would) 表决心、愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要尽全力赶上他们。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。 He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。 will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗? Will you help me to work it out? 你能帮我解这道题吗? Would you like some coffee？ 给你来点咖啡怎样？,8. shall, should You should hand in the exercise book. 你应该交作业本了. This should be no problem. 这应该没问题。 Shall we go now? 我们现在可以走了吗? 注意:在疑问句中, shall 用于第一, 三人称中, 表示征询对方意见或请求. Shall we begin our lessons?shall 用于第二, 三人称中表示说话人给对方命令, 警告. You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished.should 通常表示 “ 劝告, 建议, 应该”4) should + have done 表示应该做而实际上没有做到. You should have started earlier.,情态动词专练题,1.Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, _.A. you shouldnt B. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustnt3.You to attend the meeting, but you didnt.A. should comeB. would have come C. cameD. should have come4.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it.A. mustnt have attendedB. cannot have attendedC. neednt have attendedD. would have not attended5.Tom went on foot, but he by bus.A. might go B. may go C. could have goneD. ought have gone,6.We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge.A. had better B. would better C. would rather D. had rather7.There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom?A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Ought8.There was a lot of time. He .A. mustnt have hurriedB. neednt have hurriedC. could have hurriedD. ought to have hurried9.We didnt study Chemistry last night, but we .A. had studiedB. couldC. should D. could have10.One ought for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punishedB. to not be punishedC. to not punishedD. not be punished,6.May I pick a flower in the garden? .A. No, you needntB. Not, please C. No, you mustntD. No, you wont7.Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you .A. will B. could C. may D. might8.Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may notC. should not D. dont have to9.I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She at the meeting.A. mustnt have spokenB. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spokenD. couldnt have spoken10.I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare saying C. not dare sayD. dared say,16.You take your umbrella. I am sure it wont rain.A. shouldnt B. cant C. dont have to D. mustnt17.The dog hibernate in winter.A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not18.Look what you have done. You have been careful.A. should B. can C. must D. may19.Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I him.A. would seeB. could meet C. might have seenD. might see20. Lets go to the cinema, shall we? ?A. No, I cantB. Yes, I will C. Yes, thank youD. No, wed better not,21.If you had been more careful, you have made so many mistakes.A. wont B. wouldnt C. may not D. mustnt22.Whenever Mother was not here, the children make a lot of noise.A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to23.Why is it so dark. There be a heavy rain coming.A. shall