状语从句考点归纳

AdverbialClause,状语从句考点,一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类,定义：在复合句中作状语的从句,功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句,分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。,从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。,状语从句,时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,地点状语从句,方式状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句,考什么,连接词,语序,省略,语气,二：能力要求：,1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.,一.时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的从属连词,1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once,assoonas,etc.Itwillbetwomonthsbeforehecomesback.Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.,2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,etc.(一就);everytime,eachtime,thelasttime,thefirsttime,etc.,Illtellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.,3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(一.就.),4.句型类：nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,etc.(一就),e.g.IwillgiveyouananswerimmediatelyIfinishmywork.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.,e.gShehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Scarcelyhadhegonewhensheappeared.,注意:用于句首时应引起部分倒装,且前部分一般用过去完成时,_(下课的时候),webeganourwriting.Johnsings_（边走）._（我们看电视的时候）,hewaswritingacomposition.,Whenthelessonwasover,ashewalks,WhilewewerewatchingTV,注意：,1.when,as,while的区别,when:持续性非持续性动词都可as:当；一边一边；随着while:持续性动词进行,2.till,until和notuntil小结：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：Wewaiteduntilhecame.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：Hewontgotobedtill/untilshereturns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.,3.连接词before的小结：一、含义1Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.,三1）句型Itwillbe/was段时间before“还要过多久才”如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/was一段时间before“不多久就”。如：Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.,4.Since的句型,句型Itis段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.她离开我们班有三年了。Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere,二.条件状语从句,1.引导词:if,unless,aslongas(=solongas),incase(that),onconditionthat,provided/providingthat,ifonly/onlyif,granted,granting,given,assuming,supposing/supposeetc.Ivewaitedhereforabouthalfanhour._Imyselfcoulddriveacar!A.OnlyifB.IfonlyC.IfD.Only,Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkind,_theyhuntthemforfood.A.IfB.whileC.unlessD.as,2.非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气,Eg.Ifyou_（接受）yourteachersadvice,youwouldnthavefailedtheexam.,3.真实条件句中的时态:,e.g.Ifit_（下雨）tomorrow,Iwillnotgoout.,hadtaken,rains,unless与ifnot的用法：Ifyoudontstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.unless在意义上相当于ifnot常可以换用,Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,helllosefaithinyoucompletely.Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.,because直接原因，非推断语气最强回答whysince通常放句首译为“既然”as不谈自明的原因，语气最弱for放句中，引导后半句表原因。,三.原因状语从句,1引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。,1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since.,2.because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时主语一般都是it,this,that,Itwas_hewasillthathedidntgowithus.,Its_heistoolazy.,3.since表示“既然”，只能放主句前.,_youarehere,youmustdoit.,because,用because,as,since填空,because,Since,1.Johndidntcometoschool_beingillyesterday.A.becauseofB.becauseC.sinceD.as2.-Mum,canIgoouttoplayfootballwithjessica?-No,youcant_yourhomeworkisbeingdone.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.when3.Thesetwoareasaresimilar_theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothatB.besidesthatC.inthatD.exceptthat,2复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：,Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,youllhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,letsstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,letshavedinner.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.,3.原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because,as,since,nowthat,considering(that),seeing(that)等词引导。because语气较强，用以回答why问句as语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。since语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。,for放句中，引导后半句表原因。nowthat既然，表示原因放在句首。consideringthat考虑到鉴于（句首）seeingthat鉴于由于既然因为（句首）,1.sothat与suchthat的区别,so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+thatso+many/much/few/little+名词+that,e.g.Itissohotthatwecantsleep.,Itissointerestingabookthatshehasreadittwice.,such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch+alotof/lotsof+名词+that,Itissuchaninterestingbookthatshehasreadittwice.,Therewassuchdeliciousfoodthathehadtoomuch.,引导状语从句的连接词有sothat/sothat/suchthat,四.结果状语从句,用so,such填空：Therewere_manypeopleintheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Hemade_anexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.Sheis_lovelyagirlthateveryoneinherclasslikesher.Hehas_poorfurniturethatotherscannotfindaplacetosit.,so,such,so,such,Hiscourageissuchthathedoesntknowthemeaningforfear.Such表示程度高Soterriblewasthestormthatsomeoldhousesweredestroyed.Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.Sosuch在句首倒装,Sothat引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：Hedidntstudyhard,sothathefailedintheexam.(他没有用功学习，结果考试没有通过。)Hetooknonoticeofhim,cothatheflewintoarage.（我没有理睬他，于是他在怒起来。）,注意,五.让步状语从句,由though,although,as(虽然尽管),evenif,eventhough,wh-ever,nomatterwh-,whether引导,_mostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.Wewouldntloseheart_weshouldfailtentimes.,Although,evenif,Although和though均可以引导主步状语从句，间为“虽然，尽管”但是although较though正式，更多有于句首，二者昀不可以与but边用，但可以与副词yet,still,nevertheless等连用。Although(though)hewasill,(sill/yet)hewentonworking.,注意1,as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：,Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages.,Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,n./adj./adv./v+as+主语谓语,注意2,1.TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely,_shewasanonlychild.A.eversinceB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.evenas2._youlikeitornot,youwillhavetogiveupsmoking.A.IfB.WhetherC.HowD.Why3.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnightssleep_muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever4.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant_youlike.A.WheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however,六.地点状语从句引导词：where，whereverIllgowhereverhegoes.Illgowherehewent.-Canyoutellme_areyoufrom?-Itisnotimportant_Icamefrom.A.when;wheneverB.where;whereverC.theplace;whereD.wherever;where,我要去他去的地方.,他去哪我就去哪.,地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Wheredoyouplantowork?-Ivemadeupmymindtogo_Immostneeded.A.totheplaceB.towhichC.thatD.where2.Iwillgotoacountryforaholiday_therearealotofflowersandtrees.A.intheplaceB.whereC.whichD.wherever辨析:Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.,七.目的状语从句引导词：so，sothat，inorderthat，that，totheendthat，incase，forfearthat，lest等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。(340)1.Idliketoarrive20minutesearly_Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat2.Johnmayphonetonight.Idontwanttogoout_hephones.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat,TheShanghaiesearemakinggreateffortstobeautifythecity_moreoverseascompanieswillcome.A.inorderthatB.soastoC.solongasD.onconditionthat,Hestudiedhardtotheendthathemightpasstheentranceexamination.Takeyourraincoatincaseitrains.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthelasttrain.Idarenotgothereforfearthathemightseeme.,八.方式状语从句引导词1：as(象.一样,正如,按照),asif/asthough(好象,宛如)YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedas/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadntgrownup.Leaveitasitis.Hestatedthaefactsastheywere.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.,事实上,按现在的样子,按原样子,插入语,仿佛,好象,注意2,2在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：JeandoesntdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyou