主讲高中英语语法情态动词公开课课件.ppt

,LearningaboutLanguage,高中英语人教2003课标版,theusageofmodalverbs辽宁省建平县实验中学耿冉,情态动词用法归纳,1情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用2必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语,一情态动词的特点,should,could,能够，可以，可能,beableto,might,可以，也许,must(hadto),必须，一定,have/hasto,hadto,必须，不得不,must,needed,需要,应该,oughtto,oughtto,应该,should,would,愿意，总是，会,dared,敢于,二情态动词的类型,LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds.,can/could:,1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。,LearningEnglish_bedifficult.,can,Mancannotlivewithoutair.,_Iuseyourbike?,Can,can/could:,2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。,_Ihavethetelevisionon?Yes,you_./No,you_,Could,Heasksifhe_smokehere.,could,can/may,cant/Imafraidnot,can/could:,3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）,Hessuchanicepersonthathe_committhecrime.,cant,你怎么会如此地粗心！,Howcanyoubesocareless!,Canthisbetrue?,can/could:,4.cannever/canttoo/enough表示“无论怎样也不过分”，“越越好”。,你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。,Youcantbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.,Attention:,can/beableto区别:,can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Attention:,can/beableto区别:,AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone_runoutofthebuilding.,wasableto,2.She_speakbothEnglishandFrench.,can,must表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.,must,must,2.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）,如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。,Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.,Attention:,They_bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.Why？Becausethelightsarestillburning.,A.couldB.canC.mustD.would,may/might:,1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。,Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?Yes,youcan./No,youcant/mustnt.,may/might:,2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。,祝你成功！,Mayyousucceed.,Hemaybeverybusynow.,Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.,5.Makingrequests(提出要求):,Canyouhelpmewithmytraining?,Idontknowhowtousethisequipment!,willcancouldwould,informal,formal,Attention:,advisability,necessity,oughtto/should,haveto,must,Yourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you_lookafterherinreturn.,A.canB.mayC.havetoD.must,Attention:,veryuncertain,almostcertain,might,should,must,may,could,oughtto,will,1.He_beathome.,2.He_beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.,A.mayB.mightC.must,A.mayB.mightC.must,(can),6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):,Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?,Itstoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon.,shall:,1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。,1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?,shall:,2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.等我读完这本书，就会给他的。,HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.,警告,威胁,允诺,8.Givingadvice(提出意见):,Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.,Howdelicious!,should:,1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替oughtto。,ShouldIopenthewindow?,我们应当要相互学习。,Weshouldlearnfromeachother.,should:,2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。,RoseSure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?JackLiuXiang,Ishouldsay.,3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。Icantbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,should:,4.should表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”,should:,-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need,7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):,Dontworry,dear,Iwillwashthemrightaway.,Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idonthavetime,will/would:,1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。,sentencepattern,Wouldyouplease,Wouldyoumind,Wouldrather,Wouldyoulike,will/would:,2.表示意志、愿望和决心。,Iwillneverdothatagain.,will/would:,3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。,1).Theoldman_haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.,would,2).门就是打不开!,Thedoorwontopen.,will/would:,Attention:,Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.,Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?,情态动词,表示“意愿”,would和usedto的比较,1、would主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”usedto主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。OnSundayshe_gotocallontheoldmanwhenhewasyoung.I_getuplate,butnowIhavegotusedtogettingupveryearly.XiaoLi_beamodelworker.Heisnowauniversitystudent.,would,usedto,usedto,Homework,Reviewtheusageofmodalverbsandfinishtheexercisepaper,Thankyou!,Tobecontinued,can/may/must/need问句的回答方式,疑问句式,肯定句式,否定答式,youmay.youcan,mustnt/maynot.cant,youmust,neednt/donthaveto.,youmust.,neednt/donthaveto.,五.表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,mustnt不准,禁止neednt没必要(=donthaveto)cant不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldnt不应该(=oughtnotto),7.You_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot8.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt,C,B,9.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont10.-MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?-_.A.No,youneedntB.Not,please.C.No,youmustntD.No,youwont,B,C,表示推测情态动词的重要用法.,肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测,must/should,对将来/现在对正在对过去,情态动词,may,might,cant,couldnt,can,could,+V.+V.+havedonemustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,三.“情态动词+havedone”的用法,（1）musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测（2）may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测（3）cant/couldnthavedone对过去某事的否定猜测（4）couldhavedone本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到（5）should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做（6）shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了（7）neednthavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了,1.YoumustbeMrSmith-Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecanthavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.Theressomeoneoutside-whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.,Practice,3.IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.-You_her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustnthaveseenD.couldntsee,4.AuntMary_thetrain,otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.A.musthavemissedB.shouldhavemissedC.hadmissedD.mightmiss,Practice,Withsomuchworkonhand,you_toseethegamelastnight.A.mustntgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldntgoD.shouldnthavegone,2.Therewasplentyoftime.She_.A.mustnthavehurriedB.couldnthavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.neednthavehurried,Letshaveatry!,1.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,musthavebeenlooking,5.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.7.Mike_hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,may(might)havebeenhurt,may(might)havegone,canthavefound,四、dare,need,1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。1HowdareyousayImunfair?2HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?3Ifwedarednotgotherethatday，wecouldntgetthebeautifulflowers.2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。1Youneedntcomesoearly.2.-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.,四、dare,need,3)dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1.Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.2.Hedoesntdare(to)answer.3.Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.,四.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,情态动词(+动词原形),行为动词,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;,3.常以neednt和darent的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing,Idarentaskherforarise.我不敢请求她加薪.Howdidyoudaretotellherthat?Iwonderwhetherhedarestandupinpublic.Idontknowhowshedarestowearthatdress.Doyouneedanyhelp?Iwonderwhetherheneedsenditimme