宾语从句讲解

Unit2,SectionAGrammarFocus,Review,Translatethephrases.,intheshapeofontheMid-Autumnnighttraditionalfolkstoriesshootdownliveforeverflyuptothemooncalloutonesnamelayout,以.形状在中秋之夜传统的民间故事击落长生不老；永生向上飞向月亮大声叫喊某人的名字摆开；布置,Objectclauseswiththat,ifandwhether,一、宾语从句的概念,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。Ilikeyou(宾语）.Hisbooksarebeautiful.(宾语）WeknowthatMrGreenteachesEnglish.SheaskedifhelikesEnglish.,二、宾语从句的引导词,引导词（连接词）that/if/whether/who/which/whose/when/where/why/how语序:陈述句语序,Areyouapupil?youareapupil.DoyoulikeLyf?youlikeLyf.Doeshegotoschool?hegoestoschool.Doesshehaveabook?-shehasabook.DidMJdohomework?MJdidhomework.DidhegotoBJ？hewenttoBJ.HaveyougonetoBJ?-hehasgonetoBJ.Willtheyeatfood?-theywilleatfood.,IthinkthattheSpringFestivalisreallyfun.,Iwanttoknowwhoheis.Iwonderwhichbookhewantedtobuy,IwonderifyouliketheSpringFestival.,Idontknowwhetheryoulikedumplings.,三：宾语从句结构：主语+think/believe/wonder/know+that/if/whether/which/where/when/who/what/how+从句(陈述句语序）,从句形式：,一：当从句为陈述句时候：由that引导，从句保持陈述语序。主语+谓语动词(think/believe/wonder/know)+that+从句Iknowthatheisadoctor.Hethinksthatmybookisold.,二：当从句为一般疑问句时候，由if/whether引导，从句保持陈述语序。主语+谓语动词(think/believe/wonder/know)+if/whether+从句Doyoustudyforatest?1,首先变为陈述语序：youstudyforatest.2,由if/whether引导3.Iwanttoknowifyoustudyforatest?,Didyoustudyforatest?-youstudiedforatest.Heaskedifyouyoustudiedforatest?,三：特殊疑问词的宾语从句主语+think/wonder等+what/where/when/who/which/how+陈述句语序,Whatdoyouhave?-whatyouhaveWhatdidyouhave?-whatyouhadWhatdoeshehave?-whathehasWheredidyougo?-whereyouwentWheredidyouplay?-whereyouplayedWhichbookdoyoubuy?-whichbookyouboughtWhichbookdoeshebuy?-whichbookhebuys.,Iwonderwhatyouhave?Iwonderwhichbookyoubought?,选出哪个是宾语从句,TheseplanetwillproducefoodandoxygenthatweneedtoliveonMars.ScientistswilldevelopplantsthatcangrowonMars.PeoplethinkthathumansonMarshavetowearspecialbootstomakethemselvesheavier.WeallknowthatMarsisaplanetinthesolarsystem.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeonlyaveryshorttimeinspaceshuttlesthattravelathalfthespeedoflight.SomescientistsdonotbelievethatthejourneytoMarswillbeverycomfortable.,1.Ihear(that)_.2.Hesaid(that)_.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmoves,由that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。,aroundthesun,Objectclauseswiththat,.if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?,Doyouhavemuchmoney?,Whatdoesthebabycatask?,Heasksifhisfatherhasmuchmoney.,AmIcool?,Whatdoesthebabyask?,Heasksif/whetherheiscool.,Doyouloveme?,Whatdidthegirlasktheyoungman?,Sheaskedif/whethertheyoungmanlovedher.,CanIfly?,Whatdoesthebabywonder?,Hewondersif/whetherhecanfly.,Willyoutakemetothesky?,WhatdoesthegirlasktheSpiderman?,Sheasksif/whethertheSpidermanwilltakehertothesky.,宾语从句属于名词性从句。在句子中起名词作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语,1.Iwonder_youllhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow_theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_hellgohomenow.4.Idontknow_mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.,Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhether,if/whether,that,whether,whether,that,介词后用whether。whether与ornot连用,连词that不能省略的几种情况在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。,1.从句的主语是that。如：Hesaysthatthatisarealkingshat.他说那是一个真的王冠。,2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如：Imafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。,4.若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。,.if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.渔民想知道天是否会下雨。,Objectclauseswithifandwhether,由if/whether引导的宾语从句,.if和whether的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,Imnotsure.这是否是真的，我不确定。,2.宾语从句与ornot直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：Idontknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。,3.与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：ShecantdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.她不能决定是否去美国。4.从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。,5.宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：Tomwantstoknowifshewontcomeheretomorrow.汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。6.if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,Illcallyou.假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,1.若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。,宾语从句中时态的变化,1.Iwonder_youllhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow_theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_hellgohomenow.4.Idontknow_mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.,Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhether,if/whether,that,whether,whether,that,介词后用whether。whether与ornot连用,Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）,2.若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。Didthetrainleave?Shedidntknow.Shedidntknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.,从句时态改成相应的过去时态,一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时,主句时态是过去时,Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时),1.从句表达的是客观真理，用一般现在时,2.从句中有明确表示过去时间的词，则从句依然是一般过去时,注意：,Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.,HewonderedifyoustudiedintheUSAin1990.,宾语从句歌,学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。,Writesentencesusingthewordsgiven.,think/LanternFestival/beautifuldontknow/whether/he/comehome/forthefestival,IthinkthattheLanternFestivalisbeautiful.,Idontknowwhetherhewillcomehomeforthefestival.,4a,4.wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious,Iwonderifthemooncakesaredelicious.,3.believe/WaterFestival/most/fun,IbelievethattheWaterFestivalisthemostfun.,1.IdontknowifMr.Wang_onafieldtrip.Ifhe_onafieldtriptomorrow,pleasecallme.A.goes;willgoB.willgo;goesC.willgo;willgoD.goes;goes2.SheaskedmeifIknew_.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisit,B,B,Choosetherightanswers.,3.Theywonderediftheteacher_usEnglishthenextterm.A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught4.Theboyasked_anynoisefromoutside.A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheardC.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheard,A,B,5.Ihaventdecide_Illgooutorstayathome.A.ifB.whenC.whyD.whether6.Iwanttoknow_helovesyou.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.who,D,C,7.Iwondered_ourteacherwasgoingtoattendourparty.A.whetherB.whatC.whereD.that8.Idliketoknow_ornot.A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.ifhewillcome,A,C,根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子。,1.我认为玛丽不来了。IdontthinkMary_.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe_forShanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow_thereisatraintoBeijingtonight.,will,come,was,leaving,if/whether,改为含宾语从句的复合句,1.Willthetrainarriveontime?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_thetrain_ontime.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday.,willarrive,if/whether,came,if/whether,1.我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。Wearewondering_onMars.2.你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？Couldyoutellme_toMars?,whether/ifwecan,if/whethermanypeople,aregoingtomove,growplants,Completethesentences.,3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。Idontknow_anywashingathome.4.我担心是否伤害了她的感情。Iamworriedabout_.,whetherornothedoes,whetherIhurther,feelings,1.UncleWangcameuptosee_therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather_ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.,if/whether,whether,3.Idontknow_togoorstay.4._thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?,whether,If,5._theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.,Whether,Completethesentenceswithif/whether.,Itsgoodtoknow_thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewereaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。,()Doyouknow_tomorrow?Sorry,Idontknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.A.whetherwillitrainB.ifitwillrainC.whetherdoesitrain,B,典型例题,()Iwonder_.Imafraidwellbelate.A.howwecanbeontimeB.whatwearegoingtodoC.whywegettoschoollateD.ifwewillarriveatthemeetingontime,D,()OvertheseyearsIhavehadanewunderstandingof_peopletraditionallycallaperfectperson.A.howB.whatC.whoD.whom,A,()Canyoutellme_inthefuture?A.howlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeC.whatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelike,C,()Doyouknow_?AttheendofJuly.A.howsoonisyoursisterrunningbackhomeB.howoftenNancyfromherpenfriendC.whentheLondonOlympicGameswillbeheldD.whenwillthenewcomputergamecomeout,C,()-Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?-Yes,Iamstillwondering_.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestival,C,()Iwonder_.A.ifDrMastillworksontheORBISplaneB.howmuchdoesthetallestmanintheworldweighC.whenAudreyHepburnhadenteredthefilmindustryD.thatArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoon,A,()Mum,canwegototheartmuseumtomorrow?Sure.Butfirstweshouldfindout_.A.whatcanwedoB.wherewecangoC.howcanwegothereD.ifitwillbeopen,D,()Wedontknow_themeetingwillbeheldsoon.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.since,C,()Doyouknow_Guangzhoutomorrow?A.whethertheyleaveforB.whetherwilltheyleaveforC.whethertheyareleavingfor,C,()IvedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering_youcouldgowithme.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.where,A,()Doyouthink_XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A.thatB.whichC.ifD.whether,D,()Hesaidthatlight_muchfasterthansound.A.hastravelledB.wentC.travelsD.travelled,C,()Theywonder_robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornot.A.thatB.ifC.whether()Ourphysicsteachertolduslight_fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravel,C,A,()(2016湖南衡阳)Myneighboraskedme_Iheardthebignoiselastnightornot.A.whetherB.ifC.what,A,中考链接,()(2016江苏南京)-Areyougoingcampingthisafter?-Atyphooniscoming.Imnotsure_theroadtothemountainwillbeclosed.A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.why,C,Iwonder_.Yes,ofcourse.（2015德州）A.wherewecanbuythe