Lesson-10-英国教育

Lesson10,BritishEducation,Warm-up,Warm-up,BBCdocumentaryseries:AreOurKidsToughEnough?ChineseSchoolBohuntChineseSchoolwasanexperimentthattookplaceattheBohuntSchoolinLiphook,Hampshire,UnitedKingdomin2015.Theexperimentinvolved50yearninestudentsattheschoolbeingeducatedbyChineseteachersusingtraditionalChineseteachingmethodsforaperiodoffourweeks.Thisincludedmostlylecture-basedteachingand12-hourshiftsatschool.,Warm-up,Attheendoftheexperiment,theacademicachievementofthe50-pupilgroupthatreceivedChineseeducationwascomparedwithanequivalentgroupoftheirpeersthroughanassessmentcarriedoutbyanindependentboard.Intheassessment,pupilsintheChinese-educatedgroupperformed10%betterthantheirotherpeersinmathsandscience.,Question:,WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseeducation?,WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseeducation?,Chineseeducation:Collectivism:morningexercisestogether,eyeexercisestogether,sameschooluniforms(tracksuits),astandardcurriculumforeveryone(novariety)Respecttheteachers/authority:neverinterrupttheteachersLongschooldays,studyinglikerobotsToughdisciplineNote-takingandrotelearningExam-oriented,WhatarethedifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseeducation?,Britisheducation:IndividualismTeachersandstudentsareequalShortschooldaysCriticalthinkingIndependent,BritishEducation,Relationshipbetweeneducationandclass,InBritain,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.Theschool(orcollege)tieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass.Evenoninformaloccasionsyouwillsometimesseemenwearingtheirschooltiesasbeltstoholduptheirtrousersproudlydisplayingtheirattendanceatacertainschool.,In1994,46%ofConservativePartyandMPsweregraduatesofOxbridge,aswerethree-quartersoftheGovernmentexecutive.MostseniorcivilservantsarealsoOxbridgegraduates.InBritain,whereyouareeducatedisstillveryimportanttoyourfuture.Theoldboysnetwork,Anoldboynetworkcanrefertosocialandbusinessconnectionsamongformerpupilsofmale-onlyprivateschools.Thiscanapplytothenetworkbetweenthegraduatesofasingleschool,alsoknownasanoldboysociety.Itcanalsomeananetworkofsocialandbusinessconnectionsamongthealumniofvariousprestigiousschools.Inpopularlanguage,oldboynetworkoroldboysocietyhascometobeusedinreferencetothepreservationofsocialelitesingeneral;theymeanthiselitegroupofmenwhowenttoschoolanduniversitytogether.Notonlydotheydominategovernment,buttheyarealsoveryinfluentialinbanking,themedia,theartsandeducation.,EducationintheUK,Nursery(age3to4),Compulsoryeducation(age5to16),Highereducation(age16orolder),Primaryschool(age5to11),Secondaryschool(age11to16),Pre-primaryschooling,nurseryschools(托儿所)，daycare(托儿所的日托),orplaygroupsGovernmenthasnoobligationtoprovidesuchfacilities,manyareprivateenterprisearrangements.Thegovernmentprovidessomefinancialsupport.,1.Earlychildhoodeducation,primaryschooling(5-11)-mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedCourses:English,arithmetic,science,religiouseducation,history,geography,music,art,PE,IT.,2.Primaryschooling,3.Secondaryschooling(11-16,18),11-16yearsoldgrammarschool(selectchildrenat11throughexam“the11-plus”,emphasisonadvancedacademicwork)90%comprehensiveschool(admitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilities.,Typesofschools,ComprehensiveschoolsVSGrammarschools,Comprehensiveschools:(90%)ofsecondaryschoolsarecomprehensiveschools,whichadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheiracademicabilities.Grammarschools:Childrenwhodonotattendcomprehensiveschoolsattendgrammarschoolsinstead.Grammarschoolsselectchildren,usuallyattheageof11,throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”.Thosewhoshowacademicpotentialareadmittedtogrammarschoolswheretheemphasisisonadvancedacademicworkratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschools.,StateschoolsVSPrivateschools,Stateschoolsarefundedbylocalandcentralgovernment,andprovidefreecompulsoryeducationforchildren.Publicschoolsareindependentschools,whicharecommonlycalledpublicschools.About8%ofschoolchildrenattendindependentfee-payingschools.Theolderfoundationswereoriginallyestablishedbyrichindividualsinthe16thand17thcenturiesandknownas“public”schools.(upto3,500poundsatermforaseniorboardingschool).Forexample,themostfamouspublicschoolsareEtonCollegeandHarrowSchool.,TestsandexamsintheUK,1.The11-plus2.GCSE3.A-levelexams4.GNVQs,1.The11-plus,Grammarschoolsselectchildren,usuallyattheageof11,throughanexaminationcalled“the11-plus”.Thosewhoshowacademicpotentialareadmittedtogrammarschoolswheretheemphasisisonadvancedacademicworkratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculaofthecomprehensiveschools.,Eleven-PlusTest,GCSE:English,mathematics,scienceAlso:Englishliterature,atleastonemodernforeignlanguage,atleastonedesignandtechnologysubject,religiouseducationAttheendofthetwo-yearGCSEcourse,onthethirdThursdayoftheAugustofthatyear,candidatesreceiveagradeforeachsubjectthattheyhavesat.Thepassgrades,fromhighesttolowest,are:A*(pronouncedA-star),A,B,C,D,E,FandG.GradeU(ungraded/unclassified)signifiesthatapupilachievednothingworthyofcredit,thereforenoGCSEisawardedtothepupilinthatsubject.,2.GCSETheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation,GCSETheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation,AGCSEatgradesDGisaLevel1qualification,whileaGCSEatgradesA*CisaLevel2qualification.GCSEsatA*-C(Level2)aremuchmoredesirableandinsistedonbymanyemployersandeducationalinstitutions.Level1qualificationsarerequiredtoadvancetoLevel2qualifications.Likewise,Level2qualificationsarerequiredtoadvancetoLevel3qualifications.,GCSE的评分方法：,3.A-levelexams,TheGeneralCertificateofEducationAdvancedLevel(shortform:GCEAdvancedLevel),ormorecommonly,theALevel,isaschoolleavingqualificationofferedtostudentscompletingsecondaryorpre-universityeducation.,3.A-levelexams,ALevelsaregenerallyworkedtowardsovertwoyearsandsplitintotwoparts,withonepartstudiedineachyear.ThefirstpartisknownastheAdvancedSubsidiaryLevel,A1LevelorASLevel.ThesecondpartisknownastheA2LevelandismoreindepthandacademicallyrigorousthantheA1Level.TheASLevelisaqualificationinitsownright,andtheASLevelcombinedwiththeA2LevelformsthecompleteALevelqualification.,4.GNVQsGeneralNationalVocationalQualifications,Otherpupilswhodecidenottogotouniversitymaychoosetotakevocationaltraining.ThevocationalequivalentofA-levelsareGNVQs,whichprovidedabroadlybasedpreparationforworkorforfurthervocationaleducation.,4.HigherEducation,Video:highereducationinUK,Highereducation,1.Britishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.ThisdiffersfromtheUS.InUK,theamountoffundingeachuniversityreceivesisbasedonitssize,thenumberofstudentsitteaches,andtheresearchitconducts.,*InstitutionsofHigherEducationUniversities,110universitiesUK:93-England,13-Scotland,2Wales,2-N.IrelandOver42%ofpupils:universitystudentsTheBachelorsdegreecoursesaremainlyfulltimeandlast3years,exceptinScotlandwheretheytake4years.InOxford&CambridgetheBAconvertstoanMAseveralyears(generally4years)later,uponpaymentofafee.,OpenUniversities,TheOpenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanregisterwithouthavinganyformaleducationalqualifications.Theyfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycenters.OpenUniversity(over20,000students)Britainssolemainlydistance-learningUniversity,Oldestuniversities:*EnglandOxford(12thC.)&Cambridge(13thC.)InOxfordandCambridgetheBAconvertstoanMAseveralyearslater,uponpaymentofafee.*Scotland:StAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeen(阿伯丁)from14thand15thcenturies*therestwerefoundedinthe19thand20thcenturies.,TheUniversityofOxfordlocatedintheEnglishcityofOxford,istheoldestsurvivinguniversityintheEnglish-speakingworldandisregardedasoneoftheworldsleadingacademicinstitutions.Althoughtheexactdateoffoundationremainsunclear,thereisevidenceofteachingthereasfarbackasthe11thcentury.LeaguetablesconsistentlylistOxfordasoneoftheUKsbestuniversities,andOxfordconsistentlyranksintheworldstop10.,UniversityofOxford,OxfordUniversity,OxfordUniversity,OxfordbyNight,OxfordCampus,CambridgeUniversity,CambridgeUniversity,TheCambridgeUniversityisthesecondoldestuniversityinEnglandandthefourtholdestinEurope.TheuniversitygrewoutofanassociationofscholarsinthecityofCambridgethatwasformedin1209byscholarsleavingOxfordafteradisputewithtownsfolk.InadditiontoculturalandpracticalassociationsasahistoricpartofBritishsociety,thetwouniversitieshavealonghistoryofrivalrywitheachother.Academically,CambridgeisconsistentlyrankedintheworldstopfiveuniversitiesandastheleadinguniversityinEuropebynumerousmediaandacademicrankings.,StudentsatCambridge,TheTutorialSystematOxford,Collegesalsooverseetheacademicprogressthroughthetutorialsystem.Thetutorialistypicallyaone-hourmeetingbetweenoneortwostudentsandthetutor.Tutorialsusuallymeetonceaweekoreveryotherweek,andatthecenterofthetutorialisanessayonatopicthetutorpreviouslyassigned.Thetutorwillleadadiscussionabouttheessaytopicinanefforttoprovidenewinsights.Attheendofthetutorial,thetutorwillassignanewtopicandmayofferrecommendedreading.,Tutorialsareindividuallyarranged,takingintoaccountthesubjecttobestudiedandthetutorsareaofexpertise.Theyaresimilartoindependentstudycourses,butOxfordstudentsbearevenmoreresponsibilityforconductingindependentresearchandmaintaininggoodacademicprogress.,AtOxfordyoullbeexpectedtodomuchmoreworkonyourownandtothinkmoreindependentlythaninmostotherteachingmethods.Yourtutoristheretoguideyourstudies,ratherthantofeedyoufactsandinformation,andthisprovidestheopportunityforintensiveacademicstudyunderauniqueandprestigioussystem.,TopuniversitiesinUK,Exercises,Choosethecorrectanswertoeachofthefollowing.,1.InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento(a)privateschools.(b)independentschools.(c)stateschools.(d)publicschools.2.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16(a)canlegallyreceivepartlyfreeeducation.(b)canlegallyreceivecompletelyfreeeducation.(c)cannotreceivefreeeducationatall.(d)cannotreceivefreeeducationiftheirparentsarerich.3.IfastudentwantstogotouniversityinBritain,hewilltaketheexaminationcalled(a)GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced.(b)GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation.(c)thecommonentranceexamination.(d)GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications.,4.WhichofthefollowingisaprivatelyfundeduniversityinBritain?(a)TheUniversityofCambridge.(b)TheUniversityofOxford.(c)TheUniversityofEdinburgh.(d)TheUniversityofBuckingham.5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?(a)Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheyarerich.(b)Parentssendtheirchildrentopublicschoolsbecausetheirchildrencangetbetterjobs