新外研版英语八年级下册知识点复习

知识梳理,八年级下册,一、语法,1.动词时态2.并列复合句3.宾语从句,1、动词时态,句中没有be的变法,一般现在时有be的变法,否定句、一般疑问句的结构,一般过去式的句子结构：,肯定句：主语+have/has+V过去分词+其他.,现在完成时的句子结构,一般疑问句回答:,Ishe.?Yes,heis.No,heisnt.Doyou.?Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Does.she?Yesshedoes.No,shedoesnt.Didthey.?Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.Haveyou.?Yes,Ihave.No.Ihavent.Werethey.?Yes,theywere.No,theywerent.Washe.?Yes,hewas.No,hewasnt.Hasshe?Yes,shehas.No,shehasnt.,2、并列复合句,并列复合句-是由并列词and,but,or等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。（1）并列关系用and（2）选择关系用or（3）转折关系用but,3、宾语从句,1.引导词的选择,一般疑问句充当宾语从句,特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,疑问代词或疑问副词,2.语序陈述句语序,3.时态,陈述句充当宾语从句,主句,一般现在时,一般过去时,从句,按实际情况用相应时态,过去的某种时态,4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，expect，believe等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移,5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。,that,if/whether,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.,HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.,HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.,HeaskedwhereIlived.,Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句,Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.,Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.,Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall.,二、话题,人的相貌及性格2.天气及季节3.看病与健康4.假期,三、句子,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,Thisisanorangebike.HeknowsmeandIknowhim.WhenIwas5,Icouldswim.Didyoulivehereorthere?Whatdidtheylearnjustnow?Whataheavyrainitis!DoesTomspeakFrench?Idontunderstandit.Stand（Dont）up.,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,四、句型(及交际用语),对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：Itis+adj.for/ofsb.+todosth.2.提问看病的：WhatcanIdoforyou?CanIhelpyou?Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?,3.回答生病情况：1),Ihavegota,headache.,stomachache.,toothache.,fever.,cough.,cold.,catchacold,2)就此病症提出合理建议Take/Havesome/thesemedicinethreetimesaday.Drinkmorewaterandstayinbedforafewdays.Itsnothingserious.Youllbe/get/becomeOK/wellsoon/inoneortwodays.Dontbesotired.,4.提问某人的爱好：Whatsyourhobby?,回答爱好：,Myhobbyis,collectingfans/tickets.,collectingstamps/modelcars.,writing.,playingbasketball.,swimming.,running.,singing.,5.提问人的相貌：Whatdoes.looklike?6.提问人的性格：Whatis.like?,7.到该做什么事的时候了。Itstimetodosth.Itstimeforsth.,8.提建议用语：Whynotdosth.?Whydontyoudosth.?What/Howaboutsth./doingsth.?Itsbesttodosth.Youdbetterdosth.Youshoulddosth.,五、词类,1.动词6.形容词、副词2.系动词7.数词3.代词8.频率副词4.不定代词9.介词5.连词10.疑问词,1.动词(谓语),HewatchesTVeveryday.HeiswatchingTVnow.HewatchedTVamomentago.,动词(非谓语),HeenjoyswatchingTV.Jimmakesmelaugh.Iwantedtoseeitagain.,2.系动词(+形容词的动词),lookbeturngetsoundbecometastefeelsmell,1)Jimsideasoundsnice.2)Katelookstaller.3)Ifeelnervousnow.4)Beijingbecomesbigger.5)Thedaysgetlong.6)Thecaketastesdelicious.,3.不定代词,1.other,others,theother,theothers,another,One.,theother.,anyother2.one,ones,ones3.somethingsomebody/someoneanythinganybody/anyoneeverythingeverybody/everyonenothingnobody/noone,5.连词,1.and7.when2.but8.before3.or9.after4.so10.as5.though11.if6.because,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,1.JimoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish_IoftenhelphimwithhisChinese.2._thequestionisverydifficult,fewofuscananswerit.3.Mr.Blackisover70yearsold,_hestillworks8hoursaday.,Because,and,but,4.Everyonemustbehere_6:00tomorrow.5._itisrainingheavily,thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.6.Icanhelpyou_Ihavetime.,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,Though,before,if,7._gettingup,Ialwayslistentotheradioforawhile.8.Wemustbequick,_wecantfollowthem.9.Tocatchtheearlybus,_Igotupveryearlythismorning.,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,so,or,After,10._theteachercamein,Iwasthinkingaboutthegame.11._youknowhim,whynotgoandmeetJiminsteadofme,Kate?,用and,when,because,but,or,so,thoughbefore,after,if,填空,If,When,6.形容词、副词,形容词与副词的转换,在词尾处+ly,y结尾时,去y+ily,有的e结尾的单词,需去y+ly，有的则直接+ly。,quickquickly2.easy-easily3.terrible-terribly4.true-truly5.brave-bravely6.careful-carefully,形容词、副词的使用,形容词,副词,修饰名词,修饰动词、形容词,Theyarecleverboys.Ipreferlonghair.,Itreallysoundsnice.Theyworkveryhard.,7.数词,数词,基数词变序数词,百,千,万,的表达,几分之几,用来表达时、分,用来表达年、月、日,8.频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,用Howoften对它们进行提问。他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。,Ialwayshavemilkforbreakfast.Iusuallyhaveeggsforbreakfast.Ioftenhavenoodlesforit.Isometimeshavefruitsforit.Iseldomhavericeforit.Ineverhavemeatinthemorning.,9.与时间相关的介词,for时间段前,in某年、某月前,on具体日子、节日、生日、星期几前,at某分，某时前,当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用in而用on.,表示方位的介词：某物处在某处的东南西北。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,ThePosition,in,to,on的区别,on,某处在某处之内,某处与某处相接壤,某处在某处之外,in,to,with的多种用法,dosth.withsb./sth.agirlwithlonghairaroomwithtwodoorsacitywithlargepopulationbebusywithsth.bepopularwith.bewithastyleof.talkwithsb.helpsb.withsth.anactionmoviewithJackieChanWhatswrong/thematterwith.?,10.疑问词,六、易混淆的词、词组,Whatis.like?Whatdoes.looklike?,1.,2.,3.,whattodohowtodo,wakeupwakesb.up,4.,5.,therebehave/has,jointakepartin.,6.,7.,8.,intheeastof.totheeastof.,triptravel,other,otherstheother,theothersOne.,theother.,anotheranyotherschoolsanyotherschool,易混淆的词、词组,9.,10.,11.,12.,stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.,aswellasexceptbesides,alittle,little,abit,abitof.afew,few,getto.arrivein/at.reach,13.,toomuchmuchtoo,14.,bycartakeacar,15.,16.,excited,interested,amazedexciting,interesting,amazing,Itstimeto.Itstimefor.,18.noise,voice,sound,19.hear,listen,listento,20.say,tell,talk,speak,21.read,watch,see,look,lookat,17.,likeas,八、易错的词,+doing,还有介词busy,finishenjoyspendkeeppreferpractice,makelet,+do,+doing,planorderdecidewantask,+todo,1.Withoutthinkingmore,helefthere.2.Icantfinishwritingitinonlyafewminutes.3.Everyoneisbusygettingreadyforthefinalexams.4.Motheralwaysspendsmuchtimedoingsuchfoolishthings.5.Jimwasgoodatdancingwhenhewasyoung.6.Letsprac