关系代词引导的定语从句总结

一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 （1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （2）Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 （1）Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 （2）The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 （1） Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) （2） This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 （1）The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) （2）Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 （1）he has a friend whose father is a doctor. （2）I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 （3）the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. （4）the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. （5）do you like the book whose cover is yellow? （6）do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 二、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 （1）the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. （2）the school in which he once studied is very famous. （3）tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. （4）tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. （5）well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. （6）well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1)（1） this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (turth) （2） this is the watch for which i am looking. (false)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that； （1） the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t) （2） the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f) （3） the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t) （4） the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 （1） he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. （2） in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. （3） there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如： In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.试分析：（1）Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.（2）MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.（3）Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.（Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）注：A指人时有时只用who不宜用that。1先行词为one、ones或anyone（1）ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.（2）Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.2先行词为these时ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.3在therebe开头的句子中Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.4一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.5在非限制性定语从句中A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.B主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。二指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.试分析：1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)注：A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.(2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPingsson.C指物时，下列情况下只能用that，不宜用which。（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.（5）如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。注意：1.不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?D只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。（1）关系代词放在介词之后Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.（2）非限制性定语从句中Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.（3）that，Those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.E先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as，不用that,但thesameas表示同样的,thesamethat表示同一的Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.what不能引导定语从句【典型例题解析】例1 The second book _I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.A. which B. what C. that D. as解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。例2 Ill never forget the days _I stayed with you.A. when B. in which C. that D. for which解析本题指时间，故选A。例3 The book_ is sold out at the moment.A. you need B. what you needC. which you need it D. that you need it解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触，故选A。例4 Is this the place _Lincoln once lived.A. that B. which C. where D. when解析本题指地点，故选C。例5 Im one of the boys _ never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is解析本题中who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B。【选讲例题】例6 Her sister,_ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whom B. that C. which D. who is解析非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。例7 These book are for students _ mother language is not English.A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。三、单项选择 ( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ( ) 2. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its ( ) 3 He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which ( ) 4. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that ( )5. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened.A. that B. what C. which D. who 6.Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? Im not sure. Is it in the hall _ can hold 300 people? A. where B. what C. that D. when 7.What kind of movies do you like? I like movies _ scary monsters. A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have 8.Do you know the man _ is talking to Miss Wu? A. he B. whom C. who D. which 9.Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? The man _ T-shirt is red. A. that B. who C. which D. whose 10.Do you know the girl _ is talking with our teacher? Oh, shes my sister. A. who B. whose C. whom D. where 11.People _ overweight need more water than thin people. A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are 12. Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which 13. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 14.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 15.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what 状语从句专练 .选择填空： 1. The man cant get on the bus because there _ no room on it. A. was B. is C. are D. were 2. I was listening to the music _ there was a knock at the door. A. while B. when C. because D. until 3. I dont know if he _ tomorrow, if he _ ,Ill meet him. A. will come, comes B. comes, comes C. will come, will come D. come, will come 4 The teacher understands that _ Maths had always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. since B. unless C. though D. when 5. _ I read, the more I understand. A. The more B. So much C. How much D. For all 6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you _ to see him this week. A. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened 7. She was busy, _ she couldnt go to your birthday party last night. A. and B. so C. or D. but 8. English is _ a useful language _ it is spoken in many countries of the world.A. sothat B. suchthat C. sobecause D. suchbecause 9. You will succeed if you _ harder. A. will work B. wont work C. work D. dont work 10. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 11. His brother has worked there _ he left school. when B. after C. since D. until 12. The boy didnt stop talking _ the second bell rang. when B. until C. after D. because 13. He ran as fast as possible _ he could reach school on time. in order to B. so as to C. when D. so that 初中宾语从句练习题 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 3. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 4. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 5. She wanted to know _her mother liked the present. A which B that C.if D.what 6.Do you know _has been selected to attend(参加) the meeting? A who B. how C. why D. that 7. know _ he doesnt want to take part in the project. A. who B. what C.that D. whose 8.She doesnt know _to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. why D. what 9.The teacher told me that light _ faster than sound. A. traveled B. is traveling C. had traveled D. travels 10.I will find out _. A. why is he late B. why isnt he late C. why late he is D. why he is late初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the WestLake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had b