美国文学——福克纳.ppt

WilliamFaulkner,Chapter15,CONTENTS,TheSouthernRenaissance,1,WilliamFaulkner,2,ARoseforEmily,3,4,ItwasbetweentheHamiltoniannorthandtheJeffersoniansouthThetwohaveglaringgapincultureandwayofthinkingTheagriculturalsouthremainedsubordinatetoindustrialnorthMeasuresweretakentodevelopthesouth,Background(Page229),Conflict,Change,Althoughthesouthremainedconservative,thereappearedavisiblesignofchangeinliteratureeffortstoreassessthepastandthepresentanddoself-searching.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury，therehaveemergedafewgenerationsofsouthernwriterswhohavealltriedtoroottheirworksinthesouthwithaviewtoachievinguniversalapplicability.EllenGlasgowfocusedmoreonthefutureratherthankeepingcastingabackwardglance(Virginia/BarrenGround).GreatlyinfluencedWilliamFaulknerstruggledtoaddtotheAmericanrenaissanceofthe1920sandhelpedusherinawholenewgroupofsouthernauthorsofthe1930s.IllTakeMyStand(1930)(坚决拥护南方的至高地位，种植农业生活方式优于北方工业)Inthepostwarperiod,anumberofyoungerwriterskeptupthesoutherntradition.,TheSouthernRenaissance(alsoknownasSouthernRenascence)wasthereinvigorationofAmericanSouthernliteraturethatbeganinthe1920sand1930swiththeappearanceofwriterssuchasWilliamFaulkner,CarolineGordon,ElizabethMadoxRoberts,KatherineAnnePorter,AllenTate,TennesseeWilliams,RobertPennWarren,andZoraNealeHurston,amongothers.,TheSouthernRenaissance,这些南方作家和知识分子不但在创作中继承和发扬了美国南方的一些文学传统,而且在艺术手法上进行不断探索和大胆创新,所以南方文艺复兴可以说是美国南方文学传统和现代主义潮流相结合的结果.,Content,HejoinedtheRoyalFlyingCorpsinCanada.(1918),WilliamFaulkner(1897-1962),Hisownfamilyhistoryfounditswayintohisnovels;thefamilymembersprovedtobevaluableprototypesforhisfictionalcharacters,ThetownofOxfordbecamethemodelforhisfictionalJefferson,theseatofhisfictionalYoknapatawphacounty.（约克纳帕塔法县）,HewasbornintoanoldSouthernfamilywithafairlylonghistoryinthetownofOxford.,HemadefriendswithFhilStone,whointroducedhimtotheworldofrisingAmericanwritersandpaidforthepublicationofabookofhispoems,TheMarbleFaun(1924).,HebecameacquaintedwithSherwoodAndersoninNewOrleans,whohelpedhimtowriteandpublishhisfirstnovel,SoldiersPay(1926).,HereturnedtotheUS,attendedtheUniversityofMississippiforoneyear,andsupportedhimselfwithavarietyofoddjobsinNewYorkandOxford.,Life,In1925hewentonatriptoEuropeandsawJoyce.,Works,TheMarbleFaun(1924)SoldiersPay(1926)andMosquitoes(1927)werenotverypromising.Sartoris(1929)revealedhisfullerdevelopmentasawriter.Forthefirsttime,heenteredhisfictionalcountyandbegantocreateaworldofhisown.SoundandtheFury(1929)isthematureworkofhim.AsIlayDying(1930)lackedobviouscriticalacclaim.Sanctuary(1931)shockedpeople,andearnedhimabadreputation.Duringthenexttenyears,hecontinuedtoworkonhisYoknapatawphacounty.LightinAugust(1932),Absalom,Absalom!(1936),GoDown,Moses(1942).Recognitioncame.In1946，TheVikingPortableFaulknermadehimthecenterofcriticalattention.In1949,hewontheNovelPrizeforliteratureandhisplaceinliteraturewassecure.,(19novelsandmanyshortstories),Works,Summary,ThestorytakesplaceinFaulknersfictionalcity,Jefferson,Mississippi,inthefictionalcountyofYoknapatawphaCounty.TheGriersonsfamilyremainedfamilystatusviewafterthedefeatofthecivilwar.Itspatriarch-Emilysfather,isamanofseriouspatriarchaltendency.WhenEmilywasyoung,hedroveoffallthesuitors(求爱者)toherdaughter,deprivingheroftherighttoachievehappinessinordertomaintaintheso-calledrankanddignity.Afterherfathersdeath,EmilyfellinlovewithHomerBarron,aYankee(北方佬)whocametothistowntobuildtherailroad.ItbroughtEmilysmonotonousandboringlifealittlewarmth.ButEmilyhasalwaysbeenunabletogetridoftheshacklesoffamilydignityandherfathersinfluence.WhenshefoundthatHomerhadnointentiontomarryher,shepoisonedhimwitharsenic.Shebelievedthatitwastheonlywaytoretaintheloveandatthesametime,keptthereputation.Sincethen,EmilylivedinadesertedoldhouseandlivedwithHomersdeadbodiesfor40yearsuntilherselfdied.TheresidentsofthetowneventuallyfoundthisshockingsecretatEmilysfuneral.,Thestoryopenswithabrieffirst-personaccountofthefuneralofEmilyGrierson,anelderlySouthernspinster.Itthenproceedsinanonlinearfashion(非线性方式)tothenarratorsrecollectionsofEmilysarchaicandincreasinglystrangebehaviorthroughouttheyears.,(Para.1)WhenMissEmilyGriersondied,ourwholetownwenttoherfuneral.【参加葬礼】(Para.3)Alive,MissEmilyhadbeenatraditionDatingfromthatdayin1894.【纳税事件】(Para.1)Justasshehadvanquishedtheirfathersthirtyyearsbeforeaboutthesmell.Thatwastwoyearsafterherfathersdeathand【气味事件】(Para.12)Whenherfatherdied【父亲之死】(Para.1/Para.2)Whenwesawheragain/inthesummerafterherfathersdeath【爱上了北方佬Homer】(Para.5)Thatwasoverayearaftertheyhadbeguntosay“PoorEmily”【药店买砒霜下毒】(Para.6/Para.7)WhenwenextsawMissEmily/Fromthattimeonherfrontdoorremainedclosed【隐居鲜有出门直至死亡】(Para.1)TheNegrometthefirstoftheladies【回到葬礼】,InsectionI,thenarratorrecallsthetimeofEmilyGriersonsdeathandhowtheentiretownattendedherfuneralinherhome,whichnostrangerhadenteredformorethantenyears.Inaonce-elegant,upscaleneighborhood,Emilyshouseisthelastvestigeofthegrandeurofalostera.ColonelSartoris,thetownspreviousmayor,hadsuspendedEmilystaxresponsibilitiestothetownafterherfathersdeath,justifyingtheactionbyclaimingthatMr.Griersonhadoncelentthecommunityasignificantsum.Asnewtownleaderstakeover,theymakeunsuccessfulattemptstogetEmilytoresumepayments.WhenmembersoftheBoardofAldermenpayheravisit,inthedustyandantiquatedparlor,EmilyreassertsthefactthatsheisnotrequiredtopaytaxesinJeffersonandthattheofficialsshouldtalktoColonelSartorisaboutthematter.However,atthatpointhehasbeendeadforalmostadecade.Sheasksherservant,Tobe,toshowthemenout.,InsectionII,thenarratordescribesatimethirtyyearsearlierwhenEmilyresistsanotherofficialinquiryonbehalfofthetownleaders,whenthetownspeopledetectapowerfulodoremanatingfromherproperty.Herfatherhasjustdied,andEmilyhasbeenabandonedbythemanwhomthetownsfolkbelievedEmilywastomarry.Ascomplaintsmount,JudgeStevens,themayoratthetime,decidestohavelimesprinkledalongthefoundationoftheGriersonhomeinthemiddleofthenight.Withinacoupleofweeks,theodorsubsides,butthetownspeoplebegintopitytheincreasinglyreclusiveEmily,rememberinghowhergreataunthadsuccumbedtoinsanity.hetownspeoplehavealwaysbelievedthattheGriersonsthoughttoohighlyofthemselves,withEmilysfatherdrivingoffthemanysuitorsdeemednotgoodenoughtomarryhisdaughter.Withnoofferofmarriageinsight,Emilyisstillsinglebythetimesheturnsthirty.ThedayafterMr.Griersonsdeath,thewomenofthetowncallonEmilytooffertheircondolences.Meetingthematthedoor,Emilystatesthatherfatherisnotdead,acharadethatshekeepsupforthreedays.Shefinallyturnsherfathersbodyoverforburial.,InsectionIII,thenarratordescribesalongillnessthatEmilysuffersafterthisincident.Thesummerafterherfathersdeath,thetowncontractsworkerstopavethesidewalks,andaconstructioncompany,underthedirectionofnorthernerHomerBarron,isawardedthejob.HomersoonbecomesapopularfigureintownandisseentakingEmilyonbuggyridesonSundayafternoons,whichscandalizesthetownandincreasesthecondescensionandpitytheyhaveforEmily.Theyfeelthatsheisforgettingherfamilyprideandbecominginvolvedwithamanbeneathherstation.AstheaffaircontinuesandEmilysreputationisfurthercompromised,shegoestothedrugstoretopurchasearsenic,apowerfulpoison.Sheisrequiredbylawtorevealhowshewillusethearsenic.Sheoffersnoexplanation,andthepackagearrivesatherhouselabeled“Forrats.”,InsectionIV,thenarratordescribesthefearthatsomeofthetownspeoplehavethatEmilywillusethepoisontokillherself.HerpotentialmarriagetoHomerseemsincreasinglyunlikely,despitetheircontinuedSundayritual.ThemoreoutragedwomenofthetowninsistthattheBaptistministertalkwithEmily.Afterhisvisit,heneverspeaksofwhathappenedandswearsthathellnevergoback.SotheministerswifewritestoEmilystwocousinsinAlabama,whoarriveforanextendedstay.BecauseEmilyordersasilvertoiletsetmonogrammedwithHomersinitials,talkofthecouplesmarriageresumes.Homer,absentfromtown,isbelievedtobepreparingforEmilysmovetotheNorthoravoidingEmilysintrusiverelatives.Afterthecousinsdeparture,HomerenterstheGriersonhomeoneeveningandthenisneverseenagain.Holedupinthehouse,Emilygrowsplumpandgray.Despitetheoccasionallessonshegivesinchinapainting,herdoorremainsclosedtooutsiders.Inwhatbecomesanannualritual,Emilyrefusestoacknowledgethetaxbill.Sheeventuallyclosesupthetopfloorofthehouse.Exceptfortheoccasionalglimpseofherinthewindow,nothingisheardfromheruntilherdeathatageseventy-four.Onlytheservantisseengoinginandoutofthehouse.,InsectionV,thenarratordescribeswhathappensafterEmilydies.Emilysbodyi