专插本非谓语动词.ppt

,专插本英语重点语法讲解,陆老师手机llmllm66,公共邮箱：zcbenglish密码english,非谓语动词,定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等,(一).动词不定式做主语肯定式：（to）+do，起到名词、形容词、副词的作用。否定式：not+todo表示无时间性的事实或某次具体行动视为单数。但todoandtodo视为复数。TostudyEnglishisimportant.NottostudyEnglishisapity.ForhimtostudyEnglishisimportant.HowtostudyEnglishisalsoimportant.Toseeistobelieve.Toswimisinteresting.Tocleantheroomisyourworktomorrow.不可用cleaning.,一.动词不定式和动名词的主要功能,动名词做主语：肯定式：动词原形+ing否定式：not+动词原形+ing1)做主语表示无时间性的事实或经常性的行为，视为单数。但doing.anddoing视为复数。StudyingEnglishisimportant.NotstudyingEnglishisapity.HisstudyingEnglishisimportant.Seeingisbelieving.Swimmingisinteresting.TeachingEnglishismyworkalltheyeararound.不用toteach,talkingwithfriendlypeople,andhavingFridayoffthesearejustsomethingsIlikeaboutcollege.200726A.StudiedbymyselfBInpersonC.OnmyownD.Beingonmyown,不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的,不定式与动名词区别,2）Therebenodoing结构：Thereisno(telling,knowing,saying,joking,denying.)ThereisnojokingaboutitThereisnotellingaboutitThereisnodenyingthefact此事无可置否,OncehestartstalkingaboutancientChina,.2013-28A.thereisnostoppingofhimB.heisnotstoppedC.thereisnostoppinghimD.itisnostoppinghim,不定式短语做主语时，往往用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式置后：1）Itis+adj+todo(nottodo).如有逻辑主语用for.ItisimportanttostudyEnglish.2)Itis+n+todo(nottodo)如有逻辑主语用forItisawastetoplayonlinegame.3)Itis+adj(人的品格)+ofsb+todo.Itisverykindofyoutogivemethebook.注意：不定式在疑问句或感叹句中做主语时，必须用it做形式主语。IsitdifficulttolearnEnglish?Whatapityitistorejecthishelp!,Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortable.(2004-43)AtositBtositonCtobesatDtobesaton,动名词做主语时，在某些结构中，也可用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语动名词置后。Itisnouse+doing.Itisnogood+doing.这两个句型都不能用todoItisnousebuyingthebookItisnogoodbuyingthebookItisnouseyourbuyingthebook.名词或物主代词his,MrGreens,(二).不定式做宾语1)有些及物动词常用不定式做宾语：decide,wish,hope,want,ask,need,expect,agree,refuse,prepare,choose,hateIdecidedtobuythebook.Idecidewhether(how,which,what)tobuythebook.2)know(consider)+疑问词+todo.Iknowhowtosolvetheproblem.3)help(to)doIcanhelp(to)cleanthehouse.,.动名词做宾语:1)以下及物动词常用动名词做宾语，不能用不定式做宾语。finish,enjoy,canthelp,avoid,mind,deny,consider,permit,allow,suggest,feellike,practise等。Ienjoyseeingyouandtalkingaboutlife.2）Wouldyoumind+doingWouldyoumindopeningthewindow.3)need(requaire,want)+doing=+tobedone(不用wanttobedone)Yourshirtneedswashing.Yourshirtneedsneedtobewashed.,4.Hestopped_lastweekandfeelsmuchbetternow.2006A.smokingB.smokedC.smokesD.smoke,3.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIleftthehouse.2008A.lockingB.lockC.tolockD.locked,Johnsuggestedanythingaboutituntiltheyfoundoutmorefacts.2011-23AnottosayB.notsayCtosaynotDnotsaying,动名词做介词宾语:动名词也可以做介词的宾语，构成介词短语，在句中做定语，状语或表语。OnarrivinginBeijing,hewasill.动作必须是主语he发出的。Heleftwithoutsayingaword.Mansdreamofflyinginspacehascometrue.,Catherinehasneverdreamedofabroad.2012-26.A.havingsentB.tobesentC.beingsentD.tosend,.(三).不定式做宾补:及物动词+宾语+todo(nottodo)有些及物动词的宾语后面后常有不定式做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，这样表达意义才能完整。advise,allow,permit,ask,tell,beg,request,require,believe,cause,want,consider,suppose,persuade,wish(希望，不可用hope代替)Itoldhimtosmokeoutside.Iwishhimtobuythebook.(不可改为被动语态)2）help+宾语+(to)do;(notto)do(不能改为被动语态)Ihelphimtopasstheexam.小贴士：动名词一般不做宾补，但现在分词可以做宾语。,44.Westillhavemanyproblemsbeforewecanproduceatomiccars.2004overcominghavingovercometoovercomeTohaveovercome,MrsBrownissupposedforItalylastweek.2010-29AtohaveleftBtobeleavingCtoleaveDtohavebeenleft,3）使役动词：makehave,let.感觉动词：see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe+宾语+不带to的不定式，表示此动作已做过。Imadehimcleantheroom.在主动句中不带to,在被动句中带to.4)下列动词只能用主动语态wish,help,have,let,want,like,get(使得),preferIlethimcometoseeme.5)say,report只能用被动语态Sb,sth+besaid+todoHeissaidtohavepassedtheexam.,(四).不定式做表语:1)主语的内容=todo.的内容Hisattemptistoattracthereyes.Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.2）主语的内容不等于todo的内容Wearetobuildabridgehere.小贴士：betodosth:表示将要做什么，应该要做什么。,动名词做表语：表示无时间性的事实或经常性的行为，而且是主语的内容1）表示无时间性的事实Seeingisbelieving2)表示经常性的行为MyworkisteachingEnglishinthisuniversityatpresent.,(五).不定式做定语:不定式做定语时必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后Iamtheonlyonetolookaftermyson.2)不定式常用来修饰表示抽象概念的名词way,chance,attempt,courage,motive,decision,idea,aim.confidence,abilityIknowthewaytosolvetheproblem.例外：Ihavedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.Ihavealotoftrouble(in)controllingthesituation.Ihavemuchexperiencein(of)teachingEnglish.,27.Doyouthinktheresanything_ofinhavingnomoney?2006A.ashamedB.ashamingC.beingashamedD.tobeashamed,动名词做定语:1）做定语的名词与被修饰词共同构成一个名词swimmingpool,bookingoffice,reading-room,drinkingwater2)动名词之前可加名词，表示动作的对象Foodpackagingmaterial食品包装材料Oilfeedingsystem供油系统3）动名词之前可加名词，表示行为方式Handbookingoffice手工售票处,(六).不定式做状语:（动名词不做状语)1）不定式做目的状语,既可放句首，也可放句中。带目的状语的句子，其主语应是人，或隐含着某人的目的。Hestudieshardtopasstheexam.Topasstheexam,hestudiedhard.Inordertodoinordernottodo可句首，句中Hestudieshardinordertopasstheexam.soastodoso.astodo只放句中Hestudieshardsoastopasstheexam.,theproject,wellhavetoworktwomoreweeks.2012-22ACompletingB.CompleteC.HavingcompletedD.Tocomplete,3)不定式做结果状语人们希望会产生或必然的结果WoodburnsinairtoformCO2Heissolazyasnottopasstheexam.表示事与愿违的结果：onlytodoHespokemuchonlytoshowhisignorance.4)不定式做原因状语Weshallbeveryhappytomeeteachotheragain.,(七).不定式做主语补足语:上述带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词，变为被动语态时，原宾语变为主语，原宾语补足语变为主语补足语。不定式做主语补足语时，即使在使役动词或感官动词如have,make,hear,see等动词后，不定式的to也不能省略。Hewasaskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.,二.不定式的时态,1.不定式的一般式to+动词原形,表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或是在其后发生。Shewasseentoenterthehall.（beseen与toenter两个动作同时发生）Ihavesomenewstotellyou.（totell动作发生在have之后）,2）不定式的进行式Tobe+现在分词，表示动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，而且正在进行。Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.hewantstobedressing.3)不定式的完成式tohave+过去分词，表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Sheseemstohavereadthebookbefore.,ADreamoftheRedMansionissaidintodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade.2011-30totranslateB.tohavetranslatedC.tobetranslatedD.tohavebeentranslated,当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表