专升本虚拟语气讲解.ppt

虚拟语气,IfIwereaboy,IthinkIcouldunderstandhowitfeelstoloveagirl.,历年考题,07年17题单选，08年25题单选,09年21题单选，09年49题翻译，10年18题单选，10年47题翻译，11年22题单选，12年24题单选，13年单选。,四种语气,陈述语气.Herfiguremakesmefeelgreasy.祈使语气.Getout!疑问语气.Haveyouevereatenanydetergent?虚拟语气.IfIwereyou,Iwouldeatsomedetergent.,定义：虚拟语气是以动词不同形式来体现说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义的一种语气。虚拟语气所表达的含义是客观不存在的，或不能实现的事情。,二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用。（事态倒退）,1.区别真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。（1）.真实条件句：表达现实或可能变为现实的条件。Eg：IfIhavetime,IwillstudyGerman.(我确实有可能有时间，然后我就去学习德语。),Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。Ifitrains,wewillstopplaying.如果天下雨，我们就不玩了。,（2）.非真实条件句：表达非现实或不可能变为现实的条件。,Eg：IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyGerman.(我由于某些原因，而不可能有时间去学习德语，表达愿望。)Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier,ifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic.如果没有堵车，我会到的早一点儿。IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）,2.表达形式,examples,现在虚拟条件句Ifallcandidatesweregirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.,曾经有一份真诚的爱情放在我面前，我没有珍惜，等我失去的时候我才后悔莫及，人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此。如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是一万年！IfGodgavemeanotherchance,Iwouldsaythreewordstothegirl“ILOVEYOU”.,examples,过去虚拟条件句Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.,翻译,如果你想死，那就找块豆腐吧。（用过去虚拟翻译）Ifyouhadwantedtodie,youcouldhavefoundapieceoftofu.,examples,Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.IfsheweretobeherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.,If,3.错综时间条件句,有些句子主句谓语（主句一般有明确的时间状语，或者从各自的动词形式可以看出）和从句谓语表示的动作在发生时间上不一致，这类句子我们成为“错综时间条件句”。Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.Ifhewerefree,wewouldhavesenthimtothemoonlastmonth.,IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineernow.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworld()morepeacefulnow.mightbe,(10年47题翻译）,Theywouldntbefeelingsotirediftheyhadntbeenwalkingforawholeday.要不是之前走了一天的路，她们现在不会这样疲倦。,4.虚拟语气中的省略倒装,如果在if等词引导非真实条件句中有情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had，可将if等词去掉，再将情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had提到句首。Ifallcandidatesweregirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.Wereallcandidatesgirls,thebosswouldbeveryenthusiastic.,Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefiredimmediately.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.此句需不需要将not和had一起提前呢？,注意,如果情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had为否定形式，则只提前情态动词should/系动词were/助动词had，不提前not。Hadthewarsnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.,怎么变倒装？,IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.HadIamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.,错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错错,Have可以是实意动词，也可以是助动词。Have助动词，表“已经”，havedone。倒装是这种形式。Have实意动词，表“有”，have+sth。这种形式不能倒装。IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.这里这句话是对现在的虚拟，had是实意动词，不能省略倒装。,区别have用法的不同,IfIhadamilliondollars,Iwouldquitthejob.Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.IfSunWukonghadnogoldencudgelkd()l,itwouldjustbeanordinarymonkey.Ifthewarshadnotbrokenout,theworldmighthavebeenmorepeaceful.,5.含蓄条件句,含蓄条件句中没有明确的虚拟条件句，而是用其它形式来暗示存在虚拟条件。（1）.时态和主句保持一致的词。如：butfor+词,otherwise+句子,without+词。,Eg：Butforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedthework.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidntliketheparty,otherwisewewouldhaveattendedit.,（09年21题）,Ididntknowhertelephonenumber,otherwiseI_her.A.telephonedB.hadtelephonedC.wastelephoningD.wouldhavetelephonedD,(2).时态和从句保持一致的词。如：wish，wouldrather,wouldsooner,asif（需要主句）,asthough（需要主句）,ifonly等。表将来虚拟时用would/coulddo比shoulddo多。,Ifonlyshedidntgetmarried.(现在虚拟)IfonlyErKangsnaresweresmaller.Iwishlivescouldbeinfinite.Iwouldrather/soonerthathewerealive.Helookedasif/thoughhehadbeenstruckbythelightning.,（10年18题）,Mr.Brainwisheshiswife_inAmericaforonemoremonth.A.couldstayB.isstayingC.staysD.hasstayedA,6.固定句型,Itisthe/(the)high/(the)verytimethat+主语+didItwasthe/(the)high/(the)verytimethat+主语+haddoneItisthetimethatwedismissedtheclass.Itwasthehightimethatwehaddismissedtheclass.,三、shoulddo形式的虚拟语气,1.表命令，建议，要求，请求等词+从句(如：advice,decision,demand,desire,insistence,motion,necessity,order,preference,proposal,pray,recommendation,request,requirement,resolution,suggestion等。),examples,Theydemandedthattherighttovote(should)begiventoeveryadult.Wemadethesuggestionthathe(should)gobytrain.Iinsistedthathe(should)stay.Itwasdecidedthathe(should)go.,(13年单选),suggesther选doing。很多人当成虚拟语气，选了shoulddo。这里的her是宾格，不是主格。所以注意！,（12年24题）,Thedoctorsuggestedthathe_upsmokingimmediately.A.wouldgiveB.gaveC.giveD.givesc,2.Itbe()+that+主语(should)do,Itwasdecidedthathe(should)go.Itisstrangethatsuchaperson（should）beourfriend.,（07年17题）,Itsessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbeB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresentC,(08年25题),Itsessentialthattheapplicationforms_backassoonaspossible.A.mustbesentB.willbesentC.aresentD.besentD,3.主句+forfearthat/lest/incase（should）do.(状语从句),Hegotupearlylesthe(should)missthebus.Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathief(should)comein.Hestartedoutearlierincasehe(should)belate.,四、情态动词+havedone。（表“本”的意思。）,Need（这里是情态动词，不能写成needed）/must/could/might/would/should/oughtto(=should。不要写成了oughted)+havedone，but动词的过去式Icouldhavegiv