高级英语第二册修辞汇总PPT课件

-,1,Lesson1,FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille,马莺歌,-,2,Figuresofspeech,Wecanbattendownandrideitout,hesaid.(Para.4)metaphorWindandrainnowwhippedthehouse.(Para.7)personification、metaphor3.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.(Para.11)simile4.Heheldhisheadbetweenhishands,andsilentlyprayed:“Getusthroughthismess,willYou?”(Para.17)alliteration,消防队,-,3,5.Itseizeda600,000-gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3.5milesaway.(Para.19)personification6.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.(Para.19)simile、onomatopoeia(拟声)7.SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricanepartytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularvantagepoint.（Para.20）transferredepithet,-,4,8.RichelieuApartmentsweresmashedapartasifbyagiganticfist,and26peopleperished.（Para.20）simile、personification9.andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads.(Para.28)simile10.householdandmedicalsuppliesstreamedinbyplane,train,truckandcar.(Para.31)metaphor,-,5,Wordsandphrases,FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamille直面飓风卡米尔的来袭ItwascertaintopummelGulfport,Miss.,wheretheKosherslived.连续击打3.Johnwasreluctanttoabandonhishomeunlessthefamily-hiswife,Janis,andtheirsevenchildren,abed3to11-wasclearlyendangered.不情愿做；勉强做,-,6,4.Tryingtoreasonoutthebestcourseofaction,hetalkedwithhisfatherandmotherworkout寻找解决途径5.Wereelevated2afeet,hetoldhisfather,andwereagood250yardsfromthesea.liftedatleast6.“Wecanbattendownandrideitout,”hesaid.封舱安然度过7.Themenmethodicallypreparedforthehurricane.有条理地,采取果断行动以迎接困难,-,7,8.askedifsheandhertwochildrencouldsitoutthestormwiththeKoshaks.待到结束9.flingingopenthedoorandshovingthemdownthehall.挤，推10.Waterincheditswayupthestepsasfirst-flooroutsidewallscollapsed.缓慢移动11.Themotherwasonthevergeofpanic.濒临于12.Onewallbegancrumblingonthemaroonedgroup.isolated孤立无援的,猛投,-,8,13.Shecarriedonaloneforafewbars;thenhervoicetrailedaway.dieout逐渐减弱14.Theysawhumanbodies-morethan130men,womenandchildrendiedalongtheMississippicoast-andpartsofthebeachandhighwaywerestrewnwithdeaddogs,cats,cattle.散布15.ByTuesday,Charliesbackhadimproved,andhepitchedinwithSeabeesintheworstvolunteerworkofall投入做出贡献,-,9,16.Thechildrenhuddledintheslashingrainwithinthecircleofadults.GrandmotherKoshakimplored,Children,letssing!17.Asecondwallmoved,wavered,CharlieHilltriedtosupportit,butittoppledonhim,injuringhisback.18.Thelargerchildrensprawledonthefloor,withthesmalleronesinalayerontopofthem,andtheadultsbentoverallnine.,挤成一团,severe,乞求,felldown,瘫坐,-,10,19.causingrampagingfloodsviolent,Letsnotcryaboutwhatsgone.Welljuststartallover.,共勉：,Lesson2Marrakech刘彩虹,-,11,Figureofspeech,1、Thelittlecrowdofmournersallmenandboys,nowomenthreadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.(P1)Contrast(对比)2、Theyriseoutoftheearth，theysweatandstarveforafewyears.(P3)-Alliteration(头韵),-,12,3、ThegazelleIwasfeedingseemedtoknowthatthisthoughtwasinmymind.（P5）我现在喂着的这只瞪羚好象已经看透了我的心思。Personification（拟人）4、Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.（P9)Transferredepithet（移就）5、Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.(P16)Synecdoche（提喻）,-,13,6、AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthwardalong,dustycolumn,infantry,screw-gunbatteries,adnthenmoreinfantry,fourorfivethousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels.(P18)Onomatopoeia(拟声)7、Sheaccept-edherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.(P19)-Alliteration(头韵),-,14,8、Iamnotcommenting,merelypointingtoafact.(P21)我并不是在发表议论，而仅仅是在陈述一个事实-Understatement(含蓄陈述)9、Nothostile,notcontemptuous,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.(P24)Ellipticalsentence(省略句)10、Andreallyitwaslikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,amileortwomilesofarmedmen,flowingpeacefullyuptheroad,whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofpaper.（P26）Simile（明喻）,-,15,Phrases,1、Asthecorpsewentpasttheflieslefttherestauranttableinacloudandrushedafterit,buttheycamebackafewminuteslater.(P1)inacloud=alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingtogether一大群Eg.acloudoflocusts一群蝗虫aflockofcattle(P26),-,16,3、theycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal.(P15)asquaremeal=acompleteandsatisfyingmeal令人满足的一餐,-,17,2、Thelittlecrowdofmourners-allmenandboys,nowomen-threadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wallingashortchantoverandoveragain.(P2)4、Longlinesofwomen,bentdoublelikeinvertedcapitalLs,worktheirwayslowlyacrossthefields.(P18),-,18,threadbreak(p3)pickthroadoneswayinchforcestrugglework（p18）,-,19,4、Alongtheedgesofthefieldschannelsarehackedouttoadepthofthirtyorfortyfeettogetatthetinytrickleswhichrunthroughthesubsoil.(P18)农民为了把土壤深处的积水蓄积起来，他们还得在田边挖出一道道30或40英尺深的沟渠。getat=reach到达，得到,-,20,4、Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.(P21)nextdoorto:almost1）Shesintheroomnextdoortoherparents.她住在她父母隔壁的那个房间。2）Heisnextdoortoanidiot.他简直是个白痴。3）Thesickmanwasnextdoortodeath.这病人差不多要死了。,-,21,5、Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms.(P23)(衣服)用旧的；别人用过的；现成的,-,22,6、Butthereisonethoughtwhicheverywhiteman(andinthisconnectionitdoesntmattertwopenceifhecallshimselfasocialist)thinkswhenheseesablackarmymarchingpast.(P25)itdoesntmattertwopence=itdoesntmatterabit无关紧要Eg.Itdoesntmattertwopenceifhedoesntaccepttheinvatation.,-,23,7、whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofPaper.(P26)driftedover=flyveryhighover,-,24,Words,AnArabnavvy(劳工)workingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidled(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走)slowlytowardsus.单词在语境中，记得更劳(注意小动词)Practice,-,25,Lesson3,PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,-,26,Figuresofspeech,1.Thecharmofconversationisthatitdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.(P2)(mixedmetaphor)2.PerhapsitbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.(P3)(exaggeration),-,27,3.Theglowoftheconversationburstintoflames.(P6)(metaphor)4.Theconversationwasonwings.(P8)(metaphor)5.”herewillbeanoldabusingofGodspatienceandtheKingsEnglish.”(P12)(pan)6.TheElizabethansblowonitasdandelionclock,anditsseedsmultiplied,andfloatedtotheendsoftheearth.(P14)(simile),-,28,7.Evenwiththemosteducatedandmostliterate,theKingsEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.(P18)(alliteration,metaphor),-,29,Phrasesandwords,makeapointinaflashlaydown1.Conversationisnotfor_.2.Suddenlytheyseethemomentforoneoftheirbestanecdotes,but_theconversationwasmovedon.3.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclassto_rulesfor“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”,makingapoint,m,inaflash,laydown,-,30,ontherocksgetoutofbedonthewrongsideonwingsturnuponesnoseat4.Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybe_or_issimplynotaconcern.5.Theconversationwas_.6.Thepeasantswasallowedtoeattherabbitsthatscamperedoverthefieldsand,sincethatmeatwascheap,theNormanlordsofcourse_it.,ontherocks,getoutofbedonthewrongside,onwings,turneduponesnoseat,-,31,comeintoonesownintheshoesofsitup7.Weoughttothinkourselvesbackinto_theSaxonpeasant.8.Englishhad_royally_.9.WhenE.M.Fosterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”we_atthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.delveintoeachotherslivestherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings,theshoesof,come,intoitsown,situp,-,32,Lesson4InauguralAddressAndreaLi0905,-,33,Importantwords(112),Inaugural就职典礼的Symbolize用符号表示，象征VSignify表明，意味VAlmighty全能的，万能的Forbear祖先，祖宗nPrescribe命令，指示，规定VMortal终有一死的，人类的Abolish废除，废止VTemper锻炼VDiscipline训练，管教vHeritage(文化）遗产，传统nHardship艰难，困苦nOppose反对vPledge作保证，使发誓vVenture投机，风险nAsunder分散adv,Iron严格的严酷的Tyranny专横，暴政nBonds镣铐,枷锁nConvert转变转换vAlliance联合，联盟nChain一连串，一系列nPrey猎物，牺牲品nSubversion政治颠覆nSovereign独立自主的，有主权的Outpace快过，胜过vForum论坛nInvective恶言谩骂nShield防护物nWrit令状，文书nAdversary对手，敌手nUnleash释放vEngulf淹没吞没v,-,34,修辞手法,weobservetodaynotavictoryofparty,butacelebrationoffreedom-symbolizinganend,aswellasabeginning-signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.parallelism(p3)2.Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericansalliteration押头韵3.Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,toassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.consonance尾韵parallelism排比,-,35,4.Unitedthereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Dividedthereislittlewecando-forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunderantithesis对照5.inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.metaphor暗喻6.Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge-toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds-inanewallianceforproGREss-toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.repetition(p10,),-,36,7.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.metaphor8.AndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisHemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.metaphor9.werenewourpledgeofsupport-topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective-tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak-andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.metaphor,-,37,重点短语,1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefsforwhichourforebearsfoughtarestillatissuearoundtheglobe(beingdiscussedordebated)2.Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans(spread)3.Divided,thereislittlewecando-forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.(todisagreewithsb.)4.weofferaspecialpledge-toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds-inanewallianceforprogress-toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.(getridof),-,38,重点翻译,1.Theworldisverydifferentnow.Formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife.（P2）当今的世界已与往昔大不相同。因为人类手中已掌握的力量，既足以消除一切形式的人类贫困，也可以结束一切形式的人类生活。2Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans-borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage-andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrightstowhichthisNationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.(3)此时此地，我仅向我们的朋友，同时也向我们的敌人宣布：火炬已经传到我们新一代美国人手中。这一代人成长在本世纪，经受过战火的洗礼，经历过冷峻的和平考验，以珍视古老的传统而自豪，而且决不愿或容许人权逐渐遭到践踏。美国对这些人权一向担负责任，今天我们也正在本国以及全世界范围内为之奋斗。,-,39,3.torememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.并时刻牢记，过去那些企图骑上虎背为自己壮大声势的蠢人结果都未能逃脱葬身虎腹的命运。4.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.但我们绝不能让这个让这个充满了希望的和平革命变成敌对国家的牺牲品。5Tothatworldassemblyofsovereignstates,theUnitedNations,ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace,werenewourpledgeofsupport-topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective-tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak-andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.,-,40,12-27,李慧姝,-,41,Figureofspeech修辞：,Antithesisaskwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.(para.25),-,42,2.repetitionforonlywhenourarmsaresufficientlybeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.(para.12),3.parallelismtogetherletusexplorethestars,conquerthedesert,eradicatediseases（para.17）,4.metaphorAndifabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion.(para.19)andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.(para.24),-,43,4.metaphorAndifabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion.(para.19)andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.(para.24),3.parallelismtogetherletusexplorethestars,conquerthedesert,eradicatediseases（para.17）,-,44,6.rhetoricalquestionwillyoujoininthehistoriceffort?(para.23),7.personificationthecommonenemiesofman:tyranny,poverty（para.22）,5.alliterationthesamehighstandardsofstrengthandsacrificewhich,-,45,words,Heed留心Tap开发，挖掘Rejoice公开表达出来的高兴的心情Embattle（arms）使严阵以待Beyonddoubt毫无疑问Shrinkfrom(responsibility):drawback,-,46,LoveisaFallacyDetailedStudy,LessonFive,-,47,Para.1,1、CharlesLamb,asmerryandenterprisingafellowasyouwillmeetinamonthofSundays,unfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorableOldChinaandDreamsChildren.enterprising:ad.havingorshowingenterprise有事业心的；有胆量的；富于创业精神的Itsveryenterprisingofthemtotryandstartupabusinesslikethat.monthofSundays:(colloquial)longtime,-,48,unfettered:ad.(fml.orlit.)freefromcontrol;nottiedbyseveralrulesThenewcitydevelopedquickly,unfetteredbytheusualplanningregulations.Paraphrase:CharlesLambisaverymerryandenterprisingperson.Youllmeetsuchapersononlyafteralongtime.Hewrotetheessays,OldChinaandDreamsChildren,whichsetfreetheinformalessay.译文：查尔斯兰姆是一个世所罕见的性情欢快、富有进取心的人，他那笔下的散文古瓷器和梦中的孩子无拘无束、自由奔放。,-,49,2、TherefollowsaninformalessaythatventuresevenbeyondLambsfrontier.,Froniter:Metaphor.,Para2.1、Vaguethoughitscategory,itiswithoutdoubtanessay.Inversiontoemphasize“vague”.Thoughitscategoryisvague/hardtodefine.2、CouldCarlyledomore?CouldRuskin?rhetoricquestions,-,50,Para.3,Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.farfrom(it):notatallpedantic:ad.payingtoomuchattentiontodetailsandunimportantrules迂腐的；学究的pedant:n.discipline:abranchofknowledgeorlearning,-,51,trauma:aterminpsychiatrymeaningapainfulemotionalexperienceorshock,oftenproducingalastingpsychiceffect.心灵创伤；精神创伤Metaphorandhyperbole.Itisametaphorcomparinglogictoalivinghumanbeing.Itisahyperbolebecauseitexaggeratesforthesakeofeffect.译文：这篇文章意在论证逻辑学非但不枯燥乏味而且活泼、清新、富于美感和激情，并给人以启迪。诸位不妨一读。,Para4.1、CoolwasIandlogical.Inversionforemphasizing“cool”Paraphrase:Iwasbothcoolandlogical.,-,52,2、Keen,calculating,perspicacious,acuteandastuteIwasallofthese.Comparison,calculating:ad.coldlyplanningandthinkingaboutfutureactionsandesp.whethertheywillbegoodorbadforoneself.perspicacious:ad.(fml.)havingorshowingverycleverjudgmentorunderstanding聪敏的；睿智的aperspicaciouscomment有见地的评论astute:ad.cleverandabletoseequicklysomethingthatistoonesadvantage;shrewd精明的；敏锐的；狡黠的anastutebusinesswoman/investment,-,53,3、Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemistsscales,aspenetratingasascalpel.,dynamo:anearlierformofgenerator,amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergychemistsscales:Suchscalesaremorepreciseandaccuratefortheyhavetoweighsmallquantitiesofpowderorothermedicine.scalpel:asurgeonssharpknifeusedinoperations手术刀；解剖刀Simile,comparinghisbraintothreedifferentthings.Hyperbole,exaggeratingforeffect.,-,54,Para.20,Mybrain,thatprecisioninstrument,slippedintohighgear.“Anything?”Iasked,lookingathimnarrowly.slip:topass,move,etc.smoothly,quicklyoreasilyslippedintohighgear:begantoworkathighspeedorefficiency.narrowly:adv.(fml.)inathoroughandusu.doubtingway彻底的；追根究底的Theteacherquestionedtheboynarrowlyaboutwhyhewaslate.Mixedmetaphor,comparingatthesametimethenarratorsbraintoaprecisioninstrumentandalsotoamachine(likeacar)thathasgears.Anything:Ellipsis.,-,55,Para.23,Shewas,tobesure,agirlwhoexcitedtheemotionsbutIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.toletmyheartrulemyhead:Metonymy.“Heart”standsfor“feelingsandemotions”and“head”for“reasonandgoodsense”.Paraphrase:Idonotletfeelingsoremotionsgettheupperhandofreasonorgoodsense.Imguidedinmyactionsbyreasonandgoodsenseandnotbyfeelingsandemotions.,-,56,Para.26,Shehadanerectnessofcarriage,aneaseofbearing,apoisethatclearlyindicatedthebestofbreeding.carriage:n.(sing)themannerofcarryingoneself,bearingthemannerofholdingoneshead,limbs,andbodywhenstandingorwalking;physicalposture仪态；体态Dancingcanimprovethecarriage.舞蹈能增进体态美。bearing:n.thewayapersonholdshisbodyorbehaves;deportment举止；姿势；风度anupright,proudbearing气宇轩昂、自豪Shehasaverymodestbearing.她举止淑静。译文：她温文尔雅我这里是指她很有风度。她婷婷玉立，落落大方，泰然自若，一眼就看得出她很有教养。,-,57,Para.34,Inoddedwithsatisfaction.“Inotherwords,ifyouwereoutofthepicture,thefieldwouldbeopen.Isthatright?”Inotherwords,wouldbeopen:Metaphor.outofthepicture:notconsideredasinvolvedinasituation,Para40“Imaydobetterthanthat,”Isaidwithamysteriouswinkandclosedmybagandleft.Atransferredepithet.Hesaidmysteriouslywithawink(thewinkitselfwasnotmysterious),-,58,Para.45,“Yourgirl,”Isaid,mincingnowords.mince:v.tolessentheforceof,weaken,asbyeuphemism.Ifyoudonotminceyourwords,youtellsb.sth.unpleasantwithoutmakinganyefforttobepoliteortoavoidupsettingthem.Inevermincewords,youknowthat.EuphemismParaphrase:Isaiddirectlyandforcefully,“Iwantyourgirl.”,-,59,Para.50,1、Firsthelookedatthecoatwiththeexpressionofawaifatabakerywindow.waif:n.(esp.lit)anuncared-fororhomelesschildoranimalapitifullittlewaif可怜的流浪儿Theoldladylovedcats,andtookanywaifsandstraysintoherhome.这位老太太爱猫，凡是无主的猫，她都带回家养着。Metaphor,comparinghistornexpressionwiththeexpressionofahungryhomelesschildlookinglonginglyatthebreadinabakerywindow.,-,60,2、Backandforthhisheadswiveled,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.,swivel:v.moveroundThechairswiveledtotherightwhenhetriedit.wax:v.esp.ofthemoontogrowgraduallylargerwane:v.togrowgraduallysmallerorlessafterbeingfullorcomplete逐步变小，变少；逐步衰落Themoonwaxesandwaneseverymonth.thewaningpoweroftheRomanEmpireinthe15thcentury.MyfeelingsforJohnwaxandwane.Antithesis.“Desirewaxing”isbalancedagainst“resolutionwaning”.,-,61,Para.57,Helookedlikeamoundofdeadraccoons.“Fitsfine,”hesaidhappily.mound:n.of(1)apileofearth,stones,etc.oftenonebuiltinancienttimesasadefenceoroveragrave;smallhill土石堆，土岗，土丘aburialmound坟堆(2)alargepileofamoundofpapersonmydeskSimile,comparingPeteyinthefurcoattoalargepileofdeadraccoons.,-,62,Para.61,Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions,andatfirstIwastemptedtogiveherbacktoPetey.loom:v.tocomeintosightwithoutaclearform,esp.inawaythatappearsverylargeandunfriendly,causingfear.隐约出现nosmall:Understatement,restraintorlackofemphasisinexpression,asforrhetoricaleffect.保守的陈述,掩饰nosmalldimensions：litotes间接肯定法Litotes/Understatement:Afigureofspeechconsistingofanunderstatementinwhichanaffirmativeisexpressedbynegatingitsopposite,曲言法,间接表达法,反语法(以反面的否定代替肯定的词格)notbad=verygoodnoeasy=verydifficultThisisnosmallproblem=Thisisaverybig/seriousproblem.,-,63,Para.64,WewenttotheKnoll,thecampustrystingplace,andwesatdownunderanoldoak,andshelookedatmeexpectantly.Whatarewegoingtotalkabout?sheasked.trystingplace:meet